Education Stats: compare key data on France & Italy

Definitions

Average years of schooling of adults: Average years of schooling of adults is the years of formal schooling received, on average, by adults over age 15. (Data Source: Barro-Lee Data Set www.worldbank.org/html/prdmg/grthweb/ddbarle2.htm)
Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
High school enrolment rate: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Homeschooling legal status: Legal status of homeschooling.
Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
Average IQ: Average IQ of different countries according to the controversial book "IQ and the Wealth of Nations".
Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
College and university > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Duration of compulsory education: Duration of compulsory education is the number of grades (or years) that a child must legally be enrolled in school.
Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
College and university > Private school share: Percentage of post-secondary students who attend a private school, college, or university.
School life expectancy > Total: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
Primary education, pupils: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions.
Primary education, teachers: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Tertiary enrollment: Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary level is the sum of all tertiary level students enrolled at the start of the school year, expressed as a percentage of the mid-year population in the 5 year age group after the official secondary school leaving age.
Spending per student > College and university: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
High school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Compulsary education starting age: Age at which children must be enrolled in school.
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Literacy > Definition: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
High school > Upper secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the upper secondary (high school) level.
Literacy > Male: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Spending > USD: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment."
High school > Private school share: Percentage of secondary students who attend a private school.
Spending > Proportion: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. Expressed as a proportion of GNI."
Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
Child care (preschool) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin pre-primary (preschool) education.
High school repeaters > Male: Repeaters in secondary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in secondary school."
Preschool enrollment rate: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
Tertiary > Students studying abroad: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year.
Teachers as percentage of labor force: The percentage share of the total labor force who are classroom, academic staff, and other teachers. Data for 1999.
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall: Overall.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Elementary (primary school) > Duration: Number of years students study at the primary level.
Children out of school > Primary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Secondary education, teachers per 1000: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Secondary education, teachers: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for pre-primary (preschool) education.
Mathematical literacy: Mathematical literacy mean value of performance scale 15 years old 2000
High school > Lower secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the lower secondary (middle school) level.
Children out of school, primary, male per 1000: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Scientific literacy: Scientific literacy mean value of performance scale 15 years old (2000)
Spending per student > High school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
Secondary education, general pupils: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
Reading literacy: Reading literacy mean value of performance scale (15 years old, 2000)
High school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for secondary level enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills: Overall.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Scientific and technical journal articles: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.
Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve: Access and retrieve.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female: Percentage of country's college and university professors that are female.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion: The number of students from a given country studying abroad in a given year, expressed as a percentage of total tertiary enrollment in that country. Ratios greater than 100 % are possible, because those currently studying abroad do not count towards total enrollment.
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Scouting > Genders admitted: Admits boys/girls.
Elementary (primary school) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin primary education.
Children out of school, primary, male: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
High school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for all levels of secondary education.
Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
Spending per student > Elementary school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
Secondary school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age (years). Entrance age of 2A lower secondary is the age at which students would enter lower secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
High school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age is the age at which students would enter secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
Primary education > Teachers > Per capita: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Educational attainment > Tertiary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till tertiary level (year 2000).
High school > Population with at least high school education > Women: Population with at least high school education > Women.
Elementary school graduate rate: Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Schools connected to the Internet: Schools connected to the Internet are the share of primary and secondary schools in the country that have access to the Internet.
Public spending per student > Primary level: Public expenditure per student, primary level is the total reported current spending by the government on primary education, divided by the total number of pupils in primary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
Secondary education, pupils per 1000: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Primary education, pupils per 1000: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Student attitude > Dislike of school: Percentage of schoolgoing children who do not like going to school (2000).
Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years) is the number of grades (years) in secondary school."
Teacher student ratio > High school: Secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
Children out of school > Primary per 1000: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Inequality adjusted index: Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index.
High school repeaters > Female: Repeaters in secondary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in secondary school."
Teacher student ratio > Elementary school: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries: Percentage of public education funding for all levels that goes to teachers' salaries.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 11: Intended hours of instruction per year for 11 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Elementary school > Enrolled students: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
School enrolment rate > 1st grade: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
Secondary education, general pupils per 1000: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 12: Intended hours of instruction per year for 12 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret: Integrate and interpret.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share: Percentage of primary students who attend a private school.
High school > Lower secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin lower secondary (middle school) education.
Elementary school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
High school enrolment rate > Female: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Duration of education > Secondary level: Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (or years) in general secondary education.
Public spending per student > Tertiary level: Public expenditure per student, tertiary level is the total reported current spending by the government on tertiary education, divided by the total number of pupils in tertiary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Primary education > Pupils: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
High school > Population with at least high school education > Men: Gender Inequality Index.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Secondary education, vocational pupils: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for primary education.
Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for education that goes to school staff salaries.
Secondary education > Teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
School enrolment rate > 5th grade: Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Spending per secondary school student: Secondary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity.
Scientific and technical journal articles per million: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts: Non-continuous texts.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts: Continuous texts.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Duration of education > Primary level: Duration of primary education is the number of grades (or years) in primary education.
Expected duration of education for all students: Expected years of schooling for a 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
Participation > Children out of school > Elementary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Public spending per student > Secondary level: Public expenditure per student, secondary level is the total reported current spending by the government on secondary education, divided by the total number of pupils in secondary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
Progression to secondary school: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Children out of school > Primary > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate: Reflect and evaluate.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Educational attainment > Senior secondary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till senior secondary level (year 2000).
High school > Upper secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin upper secondary (high school) education.
Elementary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
Student attitude > Find school boring: Percentage of students who do find school boring (2000).
Teaching weeks per year > Primary: Average number of weeks taught per year by primary level teachers. Data for 2000.
Elementary school repeaters > All: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
School life expectancy > Male: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
Universities > Top 200: Number of universities in the top 200
Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Primary teacher salary > Starting: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999.
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge per million: Investment in knowledge is defined and calculated as the sum of expenditure on R&D, on total higher education (public and private) and on software. Simple summation of the three components would lead to overestimation of the investment in knowledge owing to overlaps (R&D and software, R&D and education, software and education). Therefore, data reported here have been adjusted to exclude the overlaps between components.
Note that as the term is used here, "investment” has a broader connotation than its usual meaning in economic statistics. It includes current expenditures, such as on education and R&D, as well as capital outlays, such as purchases of software and construction of school buildings. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD: Research and development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. R&D is a term covering three activities: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.
The main aggregate used for international comparisons is gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD). This consists of the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc. It excludes R&D expenditures financed by domestic firms but performed abroad.
Library books per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary level is the average number of pupils per teacher in primary education. Cross-country comparisons may be affected by such factors as the composition of teachers by part- and full-time employment.
Elementary (primary school) > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female: Percentage of country's elementary, or primary, teachers that are female.
Primary education > Teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Secondary education > Vocational pupils: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.
Expenditure on education > Change in expenditure on education > Expenditure in tertiary education: The indicator shows direct public and private expenditure on educational institutions in relation to the number of full-time equivalent students enrolled in these institutions. Public subsidies for students’ living expenses have been excluded to ensure international comparability of the data.
Expenditure on education per student is obtained by dividing the total expenditure on educational institutions by the number of full-time equivalents students. Only those educational institutions and programmes are taken into account for which both enrolment and expenditure data are available.
Private school enrolment > Primary level: Private sector enrolment share, primary level is the share of primary school pupils who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
Educational attainment > Junior secondary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till junior secondary level (year 2000).
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 10: Intended hours of instruction per year for 10 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Primary education > Teachers per 1000: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Secondary education > Pupils per 1000: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Female enrolment share > Primary level: Girls' enrolment share, primary level is the number of girls enrolled in primary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in primary school.
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge: Investment in knowledge is defined and calculated as the sum of expenditure on R&D, on total higher education (public and private) and on software. Simple summation of the three components would lead to overestimation of the investment in knowledge owing to overlaps (R&D and software, R&D and education, software and education). Therefore, data reported here have been adjusted to exclude the overlaps between components.
Note that as the term is used here, "investment” has a broader connotation than its usual meaning in economic statistics. It includes current expenditures, such as on education and R&D, as well as capital outlays, such as purchases of software and construction of school buildings.
Student attitude > Report class disorder: Percentage of students who report high noise level and disorder in classes (2000).
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
Universities > Top 200 per million: Number of universities in the top 200. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning technology: Intended instruction time spent studying technology, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
Primary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age (years). Entrance age of primary is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
Scouting > Members: Members of boy or girl scout groups which are members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM).
High school > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to secondary education.
Elementary (primary) school > Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries: Percentage of public funding for primary education that goes to teachers' salaries.
Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for primary education that goes to school staff salaries.
High school> Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries: Percentage of public funding for secondary education that goes to teachers' salaries.
Enrolment ratio > Secondary level: Net enrolment ratio, secondary level, is the ratio of the number of children of official secondary school age enrolled in school to the number of children of official secondary school age in the population.
Participation > Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training."
Ratio of female to male primary enrollment: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
Secondary education > Teachers per 1000: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Secondary education > General pupils per 1000: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Children out of school > Primary > Male: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index in primary, or elementary, school. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
Spending per primary school student: Primary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 13: Intended hours of instruction per year for 14 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 9: Intended hours of instruction per year for 9 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Female enrolment share > Secondary level: Girls' enrolment share, secondary level is the number of girls enrolled in secondary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in secondary school.
Private school enrolment > Secondary level: Private sector enrolment share, secondary level is the share of students in general secondary education who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Outcomes > Tertiary attainment > Tertiary attainment for age group 55-64: For each age group shown, those who have completed tertiary education are shown as a percentage of all persons in that age group. Tertiary education includes both tertiary-type "A programmes”, which are largely theoretically-based and designed to provide qualifications for entry to advanced research programmes and professions with high skill requirements, as well as tertiary-type "B programmes” which are classified at the same level of competencies as tertiary-type A programmes but are more occupationally-oriented and lead to direct labour market access. The tertiary attainment profiles are based on the percentage of the population aged 25 to 64 that has completed that level of education.
Scouting > Members per thousand people: Membership (from 2012). Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning science: Intended instruction time spent studying science, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
School life expectancy > Female: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
Elementary school repeaters > Female: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
Elementary school repeaters > Male: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
High school teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Elementary school teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Primary teacher salary > After 15 years: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999.
Homeschooling prevalance: Prevalence of homeschooling.
High school enrolment rate > Male: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Proportion of 15 year-olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 15 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Proportion of 20 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 20 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Participation > Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning vocational skills: Intended instruction time spent studying vocational skills, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
Universities > Top 200 > Per $ GDP: Number of universities in the top 200 Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 billion $ gross domestic product.
Primary education > Pupils per 1000: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Intake ratio to last grade of primary > Females: Number of female entrants in the last grade of primary education (regardless of age) expressed as a percentage of the female population at entrance age to the last grade.
Pupils-teacher ratio > Secondary level: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary level is the average number of pupils per teacher in secondary education. Cross-country comparisons may be affected by such factors as the composition of teachers by part- and full-time employment.
Repitition rate > Secondary level: Repetition rate is the percentage of secondary school pupils who are currently enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year.
Young shorttext readers: Share of 15-year-olds who are frequent shorttext (particularly comics) readers (2000)
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD per million: Research and development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. R&D is a term covering three activities: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.
The main aggregate used for international comparisons is gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD). This consists of the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc. It excludes R&D expenditures financed by domestic firms but performed abroad. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females: Percentage share of tertiary level A qualifications as first degree awarded to females. Data for 2000.
Young longtext readers: Share of 15-year-olds who are frequent longtext readers(2000)
Proportion of primary education time spent learning foreign languages: Intended instruction time spent studying modern foreign languages, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
Primary teacher age > Proportion aged 30-39: Percentage of primary teachers who are aged 30-39. Data for 1999.
Primary teacher salary > Starting per 1000: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Spending per secondary school student > Per $ GDP: Secondary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity. Per $ GDP figures expressed per $1,000 of Gross Domestic Product.
Library members per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Library employees per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Progression to secondary level: Progression to secondary level is the number of new entrants to the first grade of general secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the number of pupils in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Female teachers > Lower secondary: Percentage share of lower secondary level teachers at who are female. Data for 2000.
Proportion of 16 year-olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 16 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Expected duration of education for males: Expected years of schooling for a male 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
Proportion of 19 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 19 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > First degree: Percentage share of tertiary level A qualifications as first degree awarded to females. Data for 2000.
Participation > School enrollment > Tertiary > Male > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level."
School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
School enrollment > Primary > Male > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Services, etc., value added > % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (% of GDP). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99 and they include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Note: For VAB countries, gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator.
Literacy and Attainment > Educational attainment: completed tertiary > Tertiary > Population 25+ years > % > Over 24 year olds: Percentage of population older than 24 years that has completed tertiary education.
Primary education, teachers > % female: Primary education, teachers (% female). Percentage female teachers. Primary is the number of female teachers at the primary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the primary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Tertiary education, teachers > % female: Tertiary education, teachers (% female). Percentage female teachers. Tertiary is the number of female teachers at the tertiary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the tertiary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with primary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force: Labor force with tertiary education, male (% of male labor force). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Education spending > % of GDP: Government Education Expenditure (% of GDP, 2000-2002)
Spending per primary school student > Per $ GDP: Primary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity. Per $ GDP figures expressed per $1,000 of Gross Domestic Product.
School enrollment > Preprimary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment.
School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning arts: Intended instruction time spent studying arts, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > Second degree: Percentage share of tertiary level A qualifications as second degree awarded to females. Tertiary level A includes university and advanced research level degrees. Data for 2000.
Secondary education > Pupils > % female: Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at secondary level includes enrollments in public and private schools.
Proportion of primary education time spent in physical education: Intended instruction time spent studying physical education, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
Primary completion rate > Total > % of relevant age group: Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. It is calculated by taking the total number of students in the last grade of primary school, minus the number of repeaters in that grade, divided by the total number of children of official graduation age.
Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Private > % of total secondary: Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organisation, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise."
School enrollment > Tertiary > Male > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level.
Participation > School enrollment > Tertiary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level."
Participation > School enrollment > Tertiary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education at the secondary level."
Participation > Total enrollment > Primary > % net: Total enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group."
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education > %: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%). Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
School enrollment, preprimary, female > % gross: School enrollment, preprimary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Pre-primary. Female is the total female enrollment in pre-primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of official pre-primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
School enrollment, preprimary, male > % gross: School enrollment, preprimary, male (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Pre-primary. Male is the total male enrollment in pre-primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of official pre-primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Labor force with primary education, female > % of female labor force: Labor force with primary education, female (% of female labor force). Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Labor force with tertiary education > % of total: Labor force with tertiary education (% of total). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Services, etc., value added > Current US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (current US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Services, etc., value added > Current US$, % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (current US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Secondary education, vocational pupils per 1000: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Secondary education, teachers, female per 1000: Secondary education, teachers, female. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Female is the total number of female teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Participation > School enrollment > Preprimary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment."
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Male > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Male > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Private > % of total primary: Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organisation, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise."
Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Male > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers."
Adjusted savings > Education expenditure > % of GNI: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.
Public spending on education > Total > % of GDP: Public expenditure on education consists of current and capital public expenditure on education plus subsidies to private education at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels.
Unemployment with primary education > % of total unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Unemployment with secondary education > % of total unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Expenditure per student > Primary > % of GDP per capita: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita.
School enrollment > Secondary > Male > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Expenditure per student > Tertiary > % of GDP per capita: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita.
School enrollment > Primary > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Proportion of 17 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 17 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
School enrollment > Secondary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment > %: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%). Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
School enrollment, primary > % gross: School enrollment, primary (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Primary. Total is the total enrollment in primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of official primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Repitition rate > Primary level: Repetition rate is the percentage of primary school pupils who are currently enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year.
School enrollment, primary, female > % net: School enrollment, primary, female (% net). Net enrolment rate. Primary. Female is the ratio of female children of the official primary school age who are enrolled in primary school to the female population of the official primary school age.
Persistence to grade 5, total > % of cohort: Persistence to grade 5, total (% of cohort). Survival rate to grade 5. Total is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
School enrollment > Primary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Persistence to last grade of primary, male > % of cohort: Persistence to last grade of primary, male (% of cohort). Survival rate to last grade of primary. Male is the share of male children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary. The estimate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
Participation > Total enrollment > Primary > Female > % net: Total enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group."
Public spending on education > Total > % of government expenditure: Public expenditure on education consists of current and capital public expenditure on education plus subsidies to private education at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels.
High school > Lower Secondary > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for lower secondary (middle school) education.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning mathematics: Intended instruction time spent practicing mathematics, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
Public spending on private institutions: Percentage share of total public education expenditure which goes to private educational institutions. Includes both direct expenditure and indirect public transfers and payments. Data for 1999.
School enrollment, secondary, male > % net: School enrollment, secondary, male (% net). Net enrolment rate. Secondary. All programmes. Male is the ratio of male children of the official secondary school age who are enrolled in secondary school to the male population of the official secondary school age.
Repeaters, secondary, female > % of female enrollment: Repeaters, secondary, female (% of female enrollment). Percentage of repeaters in secondary. All grades. Female is the number of female students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all female students enrolled in secondary school. It is calculated by dividing the sum of female repeaters in all grades of secondary education by the total female enrolment of secondary education and multiplying the result by 100.
Secondary education, teachers, female: Secondary education, teachers, female. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Female is the total number of female teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.

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STAT	France	Italy
Average years of schooling of adults	7.9 Ranked 29th. 10% more than Italy	7.2 Ranked 36th.
Children out of school, primary	40,088 Ranked 46th. 57% more than Italy	25,573 Ranked 58th.
Children out of school, primary per 1000	0.613 Ranked 99th. 46% more than Italy	0.421 Ranked 106th.
Children out of school, primary, female	10,089 Ranked 57th.	17,905 Ranked 48th. 77% more than France
College and university > Gender parity index	1.26 Ranked 39th.	1.39 Ranked 35th. 10% more than France
Compulsary education duration	11 Ranked 46th. 10% more than Italy	10 Ranked 64th.
Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP	5.86% Ranked 31st. 30% more than Italy	4.5% Ranked 64th.
High school enrolment rate	98.87 Ranked 18th.	99.72 Ranked 10th. 1% more than France
Homeschooling legal status	Legal as alternative to the mandatory public school system. Inspections are mandatory every year.	Legal, homeschooling is allowed by the constitution.
Literacy > Total population	99% Ranked 27th. About the same as Italy	98.6% Ranked 36th.
Primary education, duration > Years	5 Ranked 173th. The same as Italy	5 Ranked 167th.
Primary education, teachers per 1000	3.64 Ranked 93th.	4.6 Ranked 70th. 26% more than France
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary	17.52 Ranked 72nd. 70% more than Italy	10.33 Ranked 139th.
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary	12.69 Ranked 64th. 26% more than Italy	10.1 Ranked 100th.
Secondary education, duration > Years	7 Ranked 76th.	8 Ranked 15th. 14% more than France
College and university > Share of total education spending	22.63% Ranked 39th. 21% more than Italy	18.76% Ranked 63th.
Average IQ	98 Ranked 12th.	102 Ranked 6th. 4% more than France
Literacy > Female	99% Ranked 26th. 1% more than Italy	98.3% Ranked 33th.
Children out of school, primary, female per 1000	0.154 Ranked 98th.	0.295 Ranked 86th. 91% more than France
College and university > Gender ratio	127.69 Ranked 41st.	140.71 Ranked 27th. 10% more than France
Child care (preschool) > Duration	3 Ranked 116th. The same as Italy	3 Ranked 89th.
Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita	8.45 per 1,000 people Ranked 25th. 18% more than Italy	7.17 per 1,000 people Ranked 41st.
Duration of compulsory education	11 years Ranked 31st. 22% more than Italy	9 years Ranked 86th.
Secondary education, pupils	5.89 million Ranked 13th. 27% more than Italy	4.63 million Ranked 17th.
College and university > Private school share	20.07% Ranked 60th. 2 times more than Italy	9.59% Ranked 90th.
Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment	0.99 Ranked 59th.	1 Ranked 43th. 1% more than France
School life expectancy > Total	15.4 years Ranked 11th. 5% more than Italy	14.7 years Ranked 20th.
Primary education, pupils	4.17 million Ranked 24th. 48% more than Italy	2.83 million Ranked 37th.
Primary education, teachers	238,141 Ranked 16th.	273,113 Ranked 18th. 15% more than France
Tertiary enrollment	53.6% Ranked 17th. 7% more than Italy	49.9% Ranked 22nd.
Spending per student > College and university	33.51 Ranked 34th. 50% more than Italy	22.28 Ranked 36th.
High school > Gender ratio	100.25 Ranked 56th. 1% more than Italy	99.03 Ranked 81st.
Compulsary education starting age	6 Ranked 132nd. The same as Italy	6 Ranked 103th.
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million	0.194 Ranked 91st. 14% more than Italy	0.17 Ranked 107th.
Literacy > Definition	age 15 and over can read and write	age 15 and over can read and write
High school > Upper secondary school duration	3 Ranked 130th.	5 Ranked 4th. 67% more than France
Literacy > Male	99% Ranked 36th. The same as Italy	99% Ranked 32nd.
Spending > USD	145.67 billion Ranked 4th. 43% more than Italy	101.89 billion Ranked 6th.
High school > Private school share	26.15% Ranked 32nd. 3 times more than Italy	8.52% Ranked 84th.
Spending > Proportion	5.05 Ranked 49th. 12% more than Italy	4.52 Ranked 70th.
Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary	18.64 Ranked 94th. 76% more than Italy	10.62 Ranked 138th.
Child care (preschool) > Starting age	3 Ranked 191st. The same as Italy	3 Ranked 158th.
High school repeaters > Male	7.29 Ranked 36th. 89% more than Italy	3.86 Ranked 53th.
Preschool enrollment rate	109.78 Ranked 41st. 6% more than Italy	103.82 Ranked 80th.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad	58,805.58 Ranked 5th. 24% more than Italy	47,272.98 Ranked 12th.
Primary completion rate	99 Ranked 35th.	101 Ranked 31st. 2% more than France
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level	2.12 million Ranked 16th. 11% more than Italy	1.91 million Ranked 20th.
Teachers as percentage of labor force	4.5% Ranked 13th.	4.7% Ranked 10th. 4% more than France
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall	496 Ranked 19th. 2% more than Italy	486 Ranked 27th.
Elementary (primary school) > Duration	5 Ranked 183th. The same as Italy	5 Ranked 177th.
Children out of school > Primary	14,290 Ranked 67th. 28% more than Italy	11,194 Ranked 73th.
Secondary education, teachers per 1000	7.1 Ranked 38th.	7.59 Ranked 33th. 7% more than France
Secondary education, teachers	463,976 Ranked 9th. 3% more than Italy	450,757 Ranked 10th.
Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher	20.06 Ranked 38th. 73% more than Italy	11.62 Ranked 101st.
Mathematical literacy	517 Ranked 10th. 13% more than Italy	457 Ranked 23th.
High school > Lower secondary school duration	4 Ranked 69th. 33% more than Italy	3 Ranked 146th.
Children out of school, primary, male per 1000	0.459 Ranked 86th. 4 times more than Italy	0.126 Ranked 97th.
Scientific literacy	500 Ranked 13th. 5% more than Italy	478 Ranked 23th.
Spending per student > High school	26.63 Ranked 20th. 5% more than Italy	25.38 Ranked 17th.
Secondary education, general pupils	4.71 million Ranked 14th. 61% more than Italy	2.92 million Ranked 21st.
Reading literacy	505 Ranked 14th. 4% more than Italy	487 Ranked 20th.
High school > Gender parity index	1.01 Ranked 48th. 2% more than Italy	0.986 Ranked 91st.
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills	496 Ranked 19th. 2% more than Italy	486 Ranked 27th.
Scientific and technical journal articles	31,971 Ranked 5th. 29% more than Italy	24,696 Ranked 8th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve	492 Ranked 23th. 2% more than Italy	482 Ranked 30th.
College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female	39% Ranked 3rd. 8% more than Italy	36% Ranked 21st.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion	2.6% Ranked 85th. 8% more than Italy	2.4% Ranked 88th.
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000	34.29 Ranked 39th. 2% more than Italy	33.48 Ranked 40th.
Scouting > Genders admitted	both	both
Elementary (primary school) > Starting age	6 Ranked 166th. The same as Italy	6 Ranked 130th.
Education expenditure of government > As percentage of total government	10.9% Ranked 63th. 14% more than Italy	9.6% Ranked 70th.
Children out of school, primary, male	29,999 Ranked 41st. 4 times more than Italy	7,668 Ranked 57th.
Education expenditure of government > As percentage of GNI	5.8% Ranked 28th. 23% more than Italy	4.7% Ranked 56th.
High school > Students per teacher	12.69 Ranked 66th. 26% more than Italy	10.1 Ranked 103th.
Secondary education > General pupils	4.3 million Ranked 18th. 53% more than Italy	2.81 million Ranked 26th.
Spending per student > Elementary school	17.13 Ranked 34th.	22.8 Ranked 17th. 33% more than France
Secondary school starting age > Years	11 Ranked 178th. The same as Italy	11 Ranked 168th.
High school starting age > Years	11 Ranked 157th. The same as Italy	11 Ranked 147th.
Primary education > Teachers > Per capita	3.35 per 1,000 people Ranked 109th.	4.48 per 1,000 people Ranked 78th. 34% more than France
Educational attainment > Tertiary	23% Ranked 14th. 2 times more than Italy	10% Ranked 18th.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level	3.79 million Ranked 33th. 36% more than Italy	2.78 million Ranked 45th.
High school > Population with at least high school education > Women	75.9% Ranked 43th. 12% more than Italy	68% Ranked 60th.
Elementary school graduate rate	97.96 Ranked 22nd.	99.56 Ranked 8th. 2% more than France
Schools connected to the Internet	94% Ranked 9th. 7% more than Italy	88% Ranked 20th.
Public spending per student > Primary level	18 Ranked 20th.	21.2 Ranked 14th. 18% more than France
Secondary education, pupils per 1000	90.08 Ranked 47th. 18% more than Italy	76.25 Ranked 85th.
Primary education, pupils per 1000	63.82 Ranked 115th. 37% more than Italy	46.56 Ranked 138th.
Girls to boys ratio > Tertiary level enrolment	1.29 Ranked 30th.	1.34 Ranked 42nd. 4% more than France
Girls to boys ratio > Secondary level enrolment	1 Ranked 69th. 1% more than Italy	0.99 Ranked 97th.
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita	35.56 per 1,000 people Ranked 37th. 6% more than Italy	33.48 per 1,000 people Ranked 40th.
Student attitude > Dislike of school	37% Ranked 4th.	38% Ranked 2nd. 3% more than France
Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people	0.9 Ranked 117th. 16% more than Italy	0.778 Ranked 126th.
Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years	7 Ranked 66th.	8 Ranked 14th. 14% more than France
Teacher student ratio > High school	12.28 Ranked 62nd. 22% more than Italy	10.1 Ranked 97th.
Children out of school > Primary per 1000	0.228 Ranked 114th. 18% more than Italy	0.192 Ranked 115th.
Inequality adjusted index	0.788 Ranked 29th. 6% more than Italy	0.74 Ranked 36th.
High school repeaters > Female	6.18 Ranked 35th. 3 times more than Italy	2.18 Ranked 59th.
Teacher student ratio > Elementary school	19.04 Ranked 66th. 84% more than Italy	10.33 Ranked 132nd.
Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries	54.4% Ranked 26th.	57.73% Ranked 23th. 6% more than France
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 11	837 hours Ranked 21st.	1,020 hours Ranked 6th. 22% more than France
Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5	98% Ranked 20th.	99.8% Ranked 4th. 2% more than France
Elementary school > Enrolled students	4.14 million Ranked 26th. 47% more than Italy	2.82 million Ranked 42nd.
Primary education > Duration > Years	5 years Ranked 164th. The same as Italy	5 years Ranked 159th.
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita	$23,749.33 Ranked 12th. 23% more than Italy	$19,316.27 Ranked 16th.
School enrolment rate > 1st grade	97.78 Ranked 102nd.	105.66 Ranked 56th. 8% more than France
Secondary education, general pupils per 1000	72.06 Ranked 64th. 50% more than Italy	48.17 Ranked 127th.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 12	960 hours Ranked 19th.	1,020 hours Ranked 10th. 6% more than France
Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret	497 Ranked 18th. 1% more than Italy	490 Ranked 25th.
Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share	14.78% Ranked 52nd. 2 times more than Italy	6.93% Ranked 87th.
High school > Lower secondary starting age	11 Ranked 185th. The same as Italy	11 Ranked 174th.
Elementary school > Gender ratio	98.59 Ranked 62nd.	99.14 Ranked 61st. 1% more than France
High school enrolment rate > Female	98.26 Ranked 31st.	99.42 Ranked 18th. 1% more than France
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level	99% Ranked 23th. The same as Italy	99% Ranked 20th.
Duration of education > Secondary level	7 Ranked 61st.	8 Ranked 15th. 14% more than France
Public spending per student > Tertiary level	30.3 Ranked 50th. 17% more than Italy	26 Ranked 56th.
Secondary education > Pupils	5.83 million Ranked 13th. 29% more than Italy	4.51 million Ranked 18th.
Primary education > Pupils	3.78 million Ranked 32nd. 37% more than Italy	2.77 million Ranked 43th.
High school > Population with at least high school education > Men	81.3% Ranked 42nd. 4% more than Italy	78.1% Ranked 49th.
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Tertiary level	55.03% Ranked 47th.	56.25% Ranked 38th. 2% more than France
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita	98.31 per 1,000 people Ranked 53th. 24% more than Italy	79.22 per 1,000 people Ranked 95th.
Secondary education, vocational pupils	1.18 million Ranked 9th.	1.71 million Ranked 6th. 45% more than France
Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher	17.52 Ranked 72nd. 70% more than Italy	10.33 Ranked 141st.
Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries	80.79% Ranked 24th. 3% more than Italy	78.45% Ranked 33th.
Secondary education > Teachers	511,278 Ranked 9th. 23% more than Italy	417,023.3 Ranked 11th.
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary	16 years Ranked 22nd. The same as Italy	16 years Ranked 20th.
School enrolment rate > 5th grade	97.96 Ranked 14th.	99.56 Ranked 7th. 2% more than France
Spending per secondary school student	$6,605.00 per student Ranked 6th. 2% more than Italy	$6,458.00 per student Ranked 7th.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level	5.86 million Ranked 17th. 29% more than Italy	4.53 million Ranked 22nd.
Scientific and technical journal articles per million	513.65 Ranked 18th. 20% more than Italy	428.72 Ranked 22nd.
Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts	498 Ranked 18th. 5% more than Italy	476 Ranked 29th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts	492 Ranked 23th. 1% more than Italy	489 Ranked 26th.
Duration of education > Primary level	5 Ranked 145th. The same as Italy	5 Ranked 141st.
Expected duration of education for all students	16.5 years Ranked 15th. 4% more than Italy	15.8 years Ranked 23th.
Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education	99.56% Ranked 59th. About the same as Italy	99.07% Ranked 81st.
Participation > Children out of school > Elementary	33,007 Ranked 53th. 74% more than Italy	19,018 Ranked 68th.
Public spending per student > Secondary level	29.3 Ranked 13th. 8% more than Italy	27.1 Ranked 18th.
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Primary level	48.58% Ranked 73th. About the same as Italy	48.41% Ranked 85th.
Progression to secondary school	98.87% Ranked 18th.	99.65% Ranked 12th. 1% more than France
Children out of school > Primary > Per capita	0.236 per 1,000 people Ranked 114th. 23% more than Italy	0.192 per 1,000 people Ranked 116th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate	495 Ranked 21st. 3% more than Italy	482 Ranked 30th.
Educational attainment > Senior secondary	41% Ranked 11th. 24% more than Italy	33% Ranked 14th.
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Women	100% Ranked 11th. 1% more than Italy	99% Ranked 19th.
High school > Upper secondary starting age	15 Ranked 158th. 7% more than Italy	14 Ranked 192nd.
Elementary school starting age > Years	6 Ranked 145th. The same as Italy	6 Ranked 117th.
Library books	12.51 million Ranked 1st.	13.19 million Ranked 2nd. 5% more than France
Student attitude > Find school boring	32% Ranked 17th.	54% Ranked 9th. 69% more than France
Teaching weeks per year > Primary	35 weeks per year Ranked 31st. 3% more than Italy	34 weeks per year Ranked 34th.
Elementary school repeaters > All	4.17 Ranked 69th. 17 times more than Italy	0.24 Ranked 123th.
School life expectancy > Male	15.2 years Ranked 12th. 5% more than Italy	14.5 years Ranked 19th.
Universities > Top 200	9 Ranked 6th. 3 times more than Italy	3 Ranked 18th.
Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita	71.02 per 1,000 people Ranked 77th. 47% more than Italy	48.3 per 1,000 people Ranked 127th.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita	0.064 per capita Ranked 141st. 31% more than Italy	0.049 per capita Ranked 151st.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000	61.35 Ranked 144th. 26% more than Italy	48.62 Ranked 155th.
Primary teacher salary > Starting	$19,761.00 Ranked 12th. 3% more than Italy	$19,188.00 Ranked 14th.
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Men	99% Ranked 35th.	100% Ranked 13th. 1% more than France
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge per million	0.0643% Ranked 12th. 63% more than Italy	0.0393% Ranked 16th.
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD	2.08% Ranked 11th. 91% more than Italy	1.09% Ranked 24th.
Library books per 1000	208.61 Ranked 4th.	231.7 Ranked 3rd. 11% more than France
Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level	18.7 Ranked 96th. 75% more than Italy	10.7 Ranked 132nd.
Elementary (primary school) > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female	83% Ranked 36th.	95% Ranked 2nd. 14% more than France
Primary education > Teachers	202,954 Ranked 21st.	260,769.1 Ranked 15th. 28% more than France
Secondary education > Vocational pupils	1.53 million Ranked 8th.	1.7 million Ranked 6th. 11% more than France
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Secondary level	49.12% Ranked 83th. 1% more than Italy	48.46% Ranked 100th.
Expenditure on education > Change in expenditure on education > Expenditure in tertiary education	107.49 Index of change, year 200 Ranked 24th.	112.26 Index of change, year 200 Ranked 22nd. 4% more than France
Private school enrolment > Primary level	14.6 Ranked 29th. 2 times more than Italy	7 Ranked 44th.
Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years	5 Ranked 153th. The same as Italy	5 Ranked 148th.
Library employees	1,254 Ranked 1st. 2 times more than Italy	595 Ranked 2nd.
Educational attainment > Junior secondary	36% Ranked 7th.	57% Ranked 1st. 58% more than France
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 10	802 hours Ranked 20th.	1,020 hours Ranked 7th. 27% more than France
Primary education > Teachers per 1000	3.24 Ranked 110th.	4.48 Ranked 76th. 38% more than France
Secondary education > Pupils per 1000	92.93 Ranked 55th. 20% more than Italy	77.45 Ranked 78th.
Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita	0.061 per 1,000 people Ranked 113th.	0.118 per 1,000 people Ranked 109th. 93% more than France
Female enrolment share > Primary level	48.6% Ranked 63th. About the same as Italy	48.5% Ranked 78th.
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge	4.16% Ranked 7th. 76% more than Italy	2.37% Ranked 16th.
Student attitude > Report class disorder	42% Ranked 2nd.	46% Ranked 1st. 10% more than France
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$	$1.54 trillion Ranked 5th. 32% more than Italy	$1.17 trillion Ranked 5th.
Universities > Top 200 per million	0.142 Ranked 18th. 3 times more than Italy	0.0512 Ranked 22nd.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning technology	7	9
Primary school starting age > Years	6 Ranked 164th. The same as Italy	6 Ranked 130th.
Scouting > Members	75,547 Ranked 19th.	102,066 Ranked 16th. 35% more than France
High school > Share of total education spending	45.03% Ranked 15th. 5% more than Italy	42.94% Ranked 22nd.
Elementary (primary) school > Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries	56.68% Ranked 39th.	63.76% Ranked 31st. 12% more than France
Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries	76.82% Ranked 62nd.	82.58% Ranked 43th. 7% more than France
High school> Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries	59.6% Ranked 35th.	65.39% Ranked 30th. 10% more than France
Enrolment ratio > Secondary level	92.4% Ranked 6th. 2% more than Italy	90.5% Ranked 10th.
Participation > Secondary education > General pupils	4.72 million Ranked 13th. 65% more than Italy	2.87 million Ranked 25th.
Ratio of female to male primary enrollment	99.21 Ranked 57th.	99.51 Ranked 46th. About the same as France
Secondary education > Teachers per 1000	8.15 Ranked 29th. 14% more than Italy	7.17 Ranked 40th.
Secondary education > General pupils per 1000	68.55 Ranked 82nd. 42% more than Italy	48.3 Ranked 126th.
Children out of school > Primary > Male	10,611 Ranked 58th. 2 times more than Italy	4,320 Ranked 74th.
Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index	0.995 Ranked 39th. 1% more than Italy	0.986 Ranked 86th.
Spending per primary school student	$3,752.00 per student Ranked 12th.	$5,653.00 per student Ranked 6th. 51% more than France
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 13	1,066 hours Ranked 11th.	0.0 Ranked 38th.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 9	802 hours Ranked 17th.	1,020 hours Ranked 7th. 27% more than France
Female enrolment share > Secondary level	49% Ranked 74th. 2% more than Italy	48.1% Ranked 89th.
Private school enrolment > Secondary level	20.9 Ranked 37th. 4 times more than Italy	5.5 Ranked 18th.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000	94.8 Ranked 60th. 20% more than Italy	79.23 Ranked 95th.
Outcomes > Tertiary attainment > Tertiary attainment for age group 55-64	15.95% Ranked 18th. 86% more than Italy	8.58% Ranked 27th.
Scouting > Members per thousand people	1.15 Ranked 84th.	1.68 Ranked 70th. 46% more than France
Primary completion rate > Women	98 Ranked 40th.	101 Ranked 30th. 3% more than France
Proportion of primary education time spent learning science	12% Ranked 13th. 20% more than Italy	10% Ranked 26th.
School life expectancy > Female	15.7 years Ranked 13th. 6% more than Italy	14.8 years Ranked 20th.
Elementary school repeaters > Female	4.17 Ranked 63th. 23 times more than Italy	0.18 Ranked 121st.
Elementary school repeaters > Male	4.17 Ranked 70th. 14 times more than Italy	0.3 Ranked 120th.
Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5 > Men	98.4% Ranked 17th.	100% Ranked 6th. 2% more than France
Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita	0.175 per 1,000 people Ranked 105th. 2 times more than Italy	0.074 per 1,000 people Ranked 111th.
High school teachers	480,564 Ranked 9th. 7% more than Italy	450,757 Ranked 11th.
Elementary school teachers	217,428 Ranked 16th.	273,113 Ranked 16th. 26% more than France
Primary teacher salary > After 15 years	$26,599.00 Ranked 11th. 15% more than Italy	$23,137.00 Ranked 17th.
Homeschooling prevalance	5 063	Unknown
High school enrolment rate > Male	99.05 Ranked 17th.	100 Ranked 9th. 1% more than France
Proportion of 15 year-olds in secondary education	97% Ranked 15th. 9% more than Italy	89% Ranked 26th.
Proportion of 20 year olds in tertiary education	42% Ranked 3rd. 62% more than Italy	26% Ranked 17th.
Participation > Secondary education > Pupils	6.04 million Ranked 13th. 34% more than Italy	4.51 million Ranked 17th.
Primary completion rate > Men	99 Ranked 37th.	101 Ranked 28th. 2% more than France
Proportion of primary education time spent learning vocational skills	n	n
Universities > Top 200 > Per $ GDP	0.004 per $1 billion of GDP Ranked 21st. Twice as much as Italy	0.002 per $1 billion of GDP Ranked 26th.
Primary education > Pupils per 1000	60.34 Ranked 144th. 27% more than Italy	47.59 Ranked 155th.
Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita	96.28 per 1,000 people Ranked 44th. 24% more than Italy	77.45 per 1,000 people Ranked 83th.
Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment	100.52 Ranked 72nd. 2% more than Italy	98.81 Ranked 88th.
Intake ratio to last grade of primary > Females	None	None
Pupils-teacher ratio > Secondary level	12 Ranked 98th. 14% more than Italy	10.5 Ranked 102nd.
Repitition rate > Secondary level	8.1 Ranked 20th. 3 times more than Italy	2.6 Ranked 29th.
Young shorttext readers	31.7% Ranked 8th. 20% more than Italy	26.4% Ranked 10th.
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD per million	0.0321% Ranked 21st. 78% more than Italy	0.0181% Ranked 26th.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females	57% Ranked 10th. 2% more than Italy	56% Ranked 14th.
Young longtext readers	16.6% Ranked 20th.	19.9% Ranked 17th. 20% more than France
Proportion of primary education time spent learning foreign languages	11	11
Primary teacher age > Proportion aged 30-39	29% Ranked 9th. 7% more than Italy	27% Ranked 11th.
Primary teacher salary > Starting per 1000	$0.33 Ranked 19th.	$0.34 Ranked 18th. 3% more than France
Spending per secondary school student > Per $ GDP	$0.00 per student per $1,000 Ranked 16th.	$0.00 per student per $1,000 Ranked 15th. 6% more than France
Library members per 1000	22.85 Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than Italy	10.4 Ranked 2nd.
Library members	1.37 million Ranked 1st. 2 times more than Italy	591,598 Ranked 2nd.
Library employees per million	20.91 Ranked 3rd. Twice as much as Italy	10.46 Ranked 4th.
Progression to secondary level	98.7 Ranked 7th.	100 Ranked 2nd. 1% more than France
Female teachers > Lower secondary	64.1% Ranked 10th.	72.8% Ranked 4th. 14% more than France
Proportion of 16 year-olds in secondary education	96% Ranked 5th. 16% more than Italy	83% Ranked 26th.
Expected duration of education for males	16.3 years Ranked 15th. 4% more than Italy	15.6 years Ranked 22nd.
Proportion of 19 year olds in tertiary education	38% Ranked 4th. 10 times more than Italy	4% Ranked 25th.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > First degree	57% Ranked 10th. 2% more than Italy	56% Ranked 14th.
Participation > School enrollment > Tertiary > Male > % gross	48.04% Ranked 27th.	56% Ranked 19th. 17% more than France
School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net	99.11% net Ranked 6th. About the same as Italy	98.66% net Ranked 11th.
School enrollment > Primary > Male > % net	98.79% net Ranked 14th.	99.01% net Ranked 11th. About the same as France
Services, etc., value added > % of GDP	79.17% Ranked 12th. 9% more than Italy	72.84% Ranked 26th.
Literacy and Attainment > Educational attainment: completed tertiary > Tertiary > Population 25+ years > % > Over 24 year olds	25.95% Ranked 15th. 2 times more than Italy	12.75% Ranked 37th.
Primary education, teachers > % female	82.72% Ranked 48th.	95.25% Ranked 11th. 15% more than France
Tertiary education, teachers > % female	39.3% Ranked 40th. 8% more than Italy	36.22% Ranked 69th.
Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment	42.2% Ranked 27th.	53.3% Ranked 15th. 26% more than France
Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force	30.7% Ranked 11th. 2 times more than Italy	14.4% Ranked 43th.
Education spending > % of GDP	5.6% Ranked 42nd. 19% more than Italy	4.7% Ranked 64th.
Spending per primary school student > Per $ GDP	$0.00 per student per $1,000 Ranked 16th.	$0.00 per student per $1,000 Ranked 14th. 63% more than France
School enrollment > Preprimary > % gross	113.52% gross Ranked 6th. 11% more than Italy	102.7% gross Ranked 14th.
School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross	104.37% gross Ranked 67th. 3% more than Italy	101.12% gross Ranked 86th.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning arts	7	13
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > Second degree	56% Ranked 7th. The same as Italy	56% Ranked 8th.
Secondary education > Pupils > % female	49% female Ranked 66th. 1% more than Italy	48.49% female Ranked 81st.
Proportion of primary education time spent in physical education	11	7
Primary completion rate > Total > % of relevant age group	98.73% Ranked 33th.	101.35% Ranked 31st. 3% more than France
Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Private > % of total secondary	25.92% Ranked 29th. 5 times more than Italy	5.01% Ranked 83th.
School enrollment > Tertiary > Male > % gross	49.22% gross Ranked 27th.	54.15% gross Ranked 20th. 10% more than France
Participation > School enrollment > Tertiary > % gross	54.58% Ranked 28th.	67.11% Ranked 20th. 23% more than France
Participation > School enrollment > Tertiary > Female > % gross	61.35% Ranked 27th.	78.8% Ranked 21st. 28% more than France
Participation > Total enrollment > Primary > % net	99.12% Ranked 17th.	99.3% Ranked 12th. About the same as France
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education > %	100.49% Ranked 43th. 2% more than Italy	98.77% Ranked 70th.
School enrollment, preprimary, female > % gross	109.35% Ranked 11th. 12% more than Italy	97.27% Ranked 27th.
School enrollment, preprimary, male > % gross	110.11% Ranked 11th. 11% more than Italy	99.38% Ranked 21st.
Labor force with primary education, female > % of female labor force	21.6% Ranked 15th.	28.1% Ranked 8th. 30% more than France
Labor force with tertiary education > % of total	33.7% Ranked 13th. 88% more than Italy	17.9% Ranked 42nd.
Services, etc., value added > Current US$ per capita	$28,917.86 Ranked 9th. 31% more than Italy	$22,032.92 Ranked 18th.
Services, etc., value added > Current US$, % of GDP	71.42% Ranked 15th. 9% more than Italy	65.26% Ranked 27th.
Secondary education, vocational pupils per 1000	18.02 Ranked 34th.	28.08 Ranked 13th. 56% more than France
Secondary education, teachers, female per 1000	4.22 Ranked 37th.	5.12 Ranked 27th. 21% more than France
Participation > School enrollment > Preprimary > % gross	110.41% Ranked 6th. 9% more than Italy	101.3% Ranked 13th.
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > % net	98.44% Ranked 14th.	98.63% Ranked 9th. About the same as France
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Male > % gross	110.54% Ranked 43th. 6% more than Italy	104.26% Ranked 79th.
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Male > % net	98.36% Ranked 16th.	99.06% Ranked 7th. 1% more than France
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Private > % of total primary	14.96% Ranked 39th. 2 times more than Italy	6.98% Ranked 81st.
Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Male > % net	97.66% Ranked 4th. 7% more than Italy	91.68% Ranked 10th.
Adjusted savings > Education expenditure > % of GNI	5.16% of GNI Ranked 49th. 12% more than Italy	4.61% of GNI Ranked 62nd.
Public spending on education > Total > % of GDP	5.91% Ranked 33th. 21% more than Italy	4.87% Ranked 55th.
Unemployment with primary education > % of total unemployment	40.6% Ranked 7th.	49.4% Ranked 17th. 22% more than France
Unemployment with secondary education > % of total unemployment	39.9% Ranked 28th.	41.4% Ranked 38th. 4% more than France
Expenditure per student > Primary > % of GDP per capita	17.6% Ranked 41st.	25.91% Ranked 7th. 47% more than France
School enrollment > Secondary > Male > % gross	110.31% gross Ranked 9th. 11% more than Italy	99.63% gross Ranked 25th.
Expenditure per student > Tertiary > % of GDP per capita	33.93% Ranked 32nd. 41% more than Italy	24.09% Ranked 50th.
Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5 > Women	97.5% Ranked 20th.	99.6% Ranked 8th. 2% more than France
School enrollment > Primary > % net	98.94% net Ranked 7th. About the same as Italy	98.84% net Ranked 9th.
Proportion of 17 year olds in tertiary education	2% Ranked 9th.	0.0 Ranked 26th.
School enrollment > Secondary > % gross	110.59% gross Ranked 9th. 12% more than Italy	99.05% gross Ranked 27th.
Rhodes scholarships > Recipients > > 1902-2009	4 Ranked 19th.	5 Ranked 18th. 25% more than France
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP	58.66% Ranked 24th. 3% more than Italy	57.22% Ranked 19th.
Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment > %	125.08% Ranked 53th.	142.72% Ranked 31st. 14% more than France
School enrollment, primary > % gross	108.01% Ranked 43th. 8% more than Italy	99.98% Ranked 100th.
Repitition rate > Primary level	4.2 Ranked 15th. 14 times more than Italy	0.3 Ranked 100th.
School enrollment, primary, female > % net	98.81% Ranked 7th. 2% more than Italy	96.66% Ranked 25th.
Persistence to grade 5, total > % of cohort	97.96% Ranked 16th.	99.52% Ranked 5th. 2% more than France
School enrollment > Primary > % gross	104.8% gross Ranked 69th. 3% more than Italy	101.37% gross Ranked 92nd.
Persistence to last grade of primary, male > % of cohort	86.16% Ranked 6th.	100% Ranked 2nd. 16% more than France
Participation > Total enrollment > Primary > Female > % net	99.2% Ranked 11th. About the same as Italy	98.91% Ranked 14th.
Public spending on education > Total > % of government expenditure	11.03% Ranked 51st. 16% more than Italy	9.5% Ranked 62nd.
High school > Lower Secondary > Students per teacher	14.23 Ranked 51st. 57% more than Italy	9.07 Ranked 82nd.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning mathematics	14% Ranked 6th. 40% more than Italy	10% Ranked 33th.
Public spending on private institutions	14.8% Ranked 9th. 76% more than Italy	8.4% Ranked 17th.
School enrollment, secondary, male > % net	94.89% Ranked 8th. 4% more than Italy	91.38% Ranked 19th.
Repeaters, secondary, female > % of female enrollment	4.75% Ranked 43th. 49% more than Italy	3.19% Ranked 54th.
Secondary education, teachers, female	275,822 Ranked 8th.	303,771 Ranked 7th. 10% more than France

SOURCES: UNESCO; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeschooling_international_status_and_statistics; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Lynn, R. and Vanhanen, T. (2002). IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-97510-X; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Development Indicators database; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's Statistical Yearbook, and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics online database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute of Statistics; Wikipedia: List of countries by student performance (Reading); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; OECD; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members (Table of World Organization of the Scout Movement members); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; OECD Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2003; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; OECD; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2001); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; The Times, 2005; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009; World Bank national accounts data; The Times, 2005. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; "WOSM MEMBERSHIP as at 31st December 2012". World Organization of the Scout Movement. August 2013.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members (Table of World Organization of the Scout Movement members) ("WOSM MEMBERSHIP as at 31st December 2012" . World Organization of the Scout Movement . Retrieved 2014-03-03 .). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a91, Gross intake ratio to last grade of primary; UNESCO Institute of Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=UNESCO&f=series%3aEA_56_Ag25t99, Educational attainment: completed tertiary; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; United Nations Human Development Programme; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; World Bank national accounts data. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Wikipedia: Rhodes Scholarship Allocations; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables

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