Education Stats: compare key data on Italy & Spain

Definitions

Adult literacy rate > Total: Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life."
Average years of schooling of adults: Average years of schooling of adults is the years of formal schooling received, on average, by adults over age 15. (Data Source: Barro-Lee Data Set www.worldbank.org/html/prdmg/grthweb/ddbarle2.htm)
Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
High school enrolment rate: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Homeschooling legal status: Legal status of homeschooling.
Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
College and university > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Duration of compulsory education: Duration of compulsory education is the number of grades (or years) that a child must legally be enrolled in school.
Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
College and university > Private school share: Percentage of post-secondary students who attend a private school, college, or university.
School life expectancy > Total: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
Literacy > Adult literacy: Adult literacy rate (%).
Primary education, teachers: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Primary education, pupils: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions.
Adult literacy rate > Female: Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life."
Tertiary enrollment: Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary level is the sum of all tertiary level students enrolled at the start of the school year, expressed as a percentage of the mid-year population in the 5 year age group after the official secondary school leaving age.
Spending per student > College and university: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
High school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Compulsary education starting age: Age at which children must be enrolled in school.
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Literacy > Definition: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
High school > Upper secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the upper secondary (high school) level.
Literacy > Male: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Spending > USD: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment."
High school > Private school share: Percentage of secondary students who attend a private school.
Spending > Proportion: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. Expressed as a proportion of GNI."
Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
Child care (preschool) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin pre-primary (preschool) education.
High school repeaters > Male: Repeaters in secondary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in secondary school."
Preschool enrollment rate: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
Tertiary > Students studying abroad: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year.
Teachers as percentage of labor force: The percentage share of the total labor force who are classroom, academic staff, and other teachers. Data for 1999.
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall: Overall.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Elementary (primary school) > Duration: Number of years students study at the primary level.
Children out of school > Primary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Secondary education, teachers: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Secondary education, teachers per 1000: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for pre-primary (preschool) education.
Mathematical literacy: Mathematical literacy mean value of performance scale 15 years old 2000
High school > Lower secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the lower secondary (middle school) level.
Children out of school, primary, male per 1000: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Scientific literacy: Scientific literacy mean value of performance scale 15 years old (2000)
Spending per student > High school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
Secondary education, general pupils: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
Reading literacy: Reading literacy mean value of performance scale (15 years old, 2000)
High school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for secondary level enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills: Overall.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Scientific and technical journal articles: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.
Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve: Access and retrieve.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female: Percentage of country's college and university professors that are female.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion: The number of students from a given country studying abroad in a given year, expressed as a percentage of total tertiary enrollment in that country. Ratios greater than 100 % are possible, because those currently studying abroad do not count towards total enrollment.
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Scouting > Genders admitted: Admits boys/girls.
Elementary (primary school) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin primary education.
Children out of school, primary, male: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
High school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for all levels of secondary education.
Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
Spending per student > Elementary school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
Secondary school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age (years). Entrance age of 2A lower secondary is the age at which students would enter lower secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
High school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age is the age at which students would enter secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
Primary education > Teachers > Per capita: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 15-19 per thousand people: Number of females aged 15-19 years, who are literate. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
High school > Population with at least high school education > Women: Population with at least high school education > Women.
Elementary school graduate rate: Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Literacy rate > People aged 15-24: Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life."
Schools connected to the Internet: Schools connected to the Internet are the share of primary and secondary schools in the country that have access to the Internet.
Public spending per student > Primary level: Public expenditure per student, primary level is the total reported current spending by the government on primary education, divided by the total number of pupils in primary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
Secondary education, pupils per 1000: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Primary education, pupils per 1000: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Literacy > Female literates > Aged over 10 per thousand people: Number of females older than 10 years, who are literate. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years) is the number of grades (years) in secondary school."
Teacher student ratio > High school: Secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
Children out of school > Primary per 1000: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Inequality adjusted index: Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index.
High school repeaters > Female: Repeaters in secondary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in secondary school."
Teacher student ratio > Elementary school: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries: Percentage of public education funding for all levels that goes to teachers' salaries.
Literacy rate > Females aged 15-24: Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life."
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 11: Intended hours of instruction per year for 11 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Elementary school > Enrolled students: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
School enrolment rate > 1st grade: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
Secondary education, general pupils per 1000: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 12: Intended hours of instruction per year for 12 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 15-19 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret: Integrate and interpret.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share: Percentage of primary students who attend a private school.
High school > Lower secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin lower secondary (middle school) education.
Elementary school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
High school enrolment rate > Female: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Duration of education > Secondary level: Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (or years) in general secondary education.
Public spending per student > Tertiary level: Public expenditure per student, tertiary level is the total reported current spending by the government on tertiary education, divided by the total number of pupils in tertiary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Primary education > Pupils: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
High school > Population with at least high school education > Men: Gender Inequality Index.
Literacy rate > Males aged 15-24: Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15-24 who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life."
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Secondary education, vocational pupils: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for primary education.
Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for education that goes to school staff salaries.
Secondary education > Teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
School enrolment rate > 5th grade: Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Spending per secondary school student: Secondary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 30-34 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of illiterate individuals, in the age range 30 to 34. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Scientific and technical journal articles per million: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts: Non-continuous texts.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts: Continuous texts.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Duration of education > Primary level: Duration of primary education is the number of grades (or years) in primary education.
Expected duration of education for all students: Expected years of schooling for a 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
Participation > Children out of school > Elementary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Public spending per student > Secondary level: Public expenditure per student, secondary level is the total reported current spending by the government on secondary education, divided by the total number of pupils in secondary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Children out of school > Primary > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 15-19: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 35-39: Compares countries by number of illiterate individuals, in the age range 35 to 39. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems
Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate: Reflect and evaluate.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
High school > Upper secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin upper secondary (high school) education.
Elementary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
Teaching weeks per year > Primary: Average number of weeks taught per year by primary level teachers. Data for 2000.
Elementary school repeaters > All: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
School life expectancy > Male: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
Universities > Top 200: Number of universities in the top 200
Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Primary teacher salary > Starting: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999.
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge per million: Investment in knowledge is defined and calculated as the sum of expenditure on R&D, on total higher education (public and private) and on software. Simple summation of the three components would lead to overestimation of the investment in knowledge owing to overlaps (R&D and software, R&D and education, software and education). Therefore, data reported here have been adjusted to exclude the overlaps between components.
Note that as the term is used here, "investment” has a broader connotation than its usual meaning in economic statistics. It includes current expenditures, such as on education and R&D, as well as capital outlays, such as purchases of software and construction of school buildings. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD: Research and development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. R&D is a term covering three activities: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.
The main aggregate used for international comparisons is gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD). This consists of the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc. It excludes R&D expenditures financed by domestic firms but performed abroad.
Library books per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary level is the average number of pupils per teacher in primary education. Cross-country comparisons may be affected by such factors as the composition of teachers by part- and full-time employment.
Elementary (primary school) > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female: Percentage of country's elementary, or primary, teachers that are female.
Secondary education > Vocational pupils: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.
Primary education > Teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Literacy > Male illiterates > Aged 35-39 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 10-14: Compares countries by number of male illiterates, in the age range 10 to 14. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems
Literacy > Literates > Aged over 10 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Expenditure on education > Change in expenditure on education > Expenditure in tertiary education: The indicator shows direct public and private expenditure on educational institutions in relation to the number of full-time equivalent students enrolled in these institutions. Public subsidies for students’ living expenses have been excluded to ensure international comparability of the data.
Expenditure on education per student is obtained by dividing the total expenditure on educational institutions by the number of full-time equivalents students. Only those educational institutions and programmes are taken into account for which both enrolment and expenditure data are available.
Private school enrolment > Primary level: Private sector enrolment share, primary level is the share of primary school pupils who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 10: Intended hours of instruction per year for 10 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Secondary education > Pupils per 1000: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Primary education > Teachers per 1000: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Literacy > Men above 14 years: Percent of male population above the age of 14 years that is literate.
Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Female enrolment share > Primary level: Girls' enrolment share, primary level is the number of girls enrolled in primary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in primary school.
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge: Investment in knowledge is defined and calculated as the sum of expenditure on R&D, on total higher education (public and private) and on software. Simple summation of the three components would lead to overestimation of the investment in knowledge owing to overlaps (R&D and software, R&D and education, software and education). Therefore, data reported here have been adjusted to exclude the overlaps between components.
Note that as the term is used here, "investment” has a broader connotation than its usual meaning in economic statistics. It includes current expenditures, such as on education and R&D, as well as capital outlays, such as purchases of software and construction of school buildings.
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
Universities > Top 200 per million: Number of universities in the top 200. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning technology: Intended instruction time spent studying technology, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
Primary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age (years). Entrance age of primary is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
Scouting > Members: Members of boy or girl scout groups which are members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM).
High school> Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries: Percentage of public funding for secondary education that goes to teachers' salaries.
Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for primary education that goes to school staff salaries.
High school > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to secondary education.
Elementary (primary) school > Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries: Percentage of public funding for primary education that goes to teachers' salaries.
Enrolment ratio > Secondary level: Net enrolment ratio, secondary level, is the ratio of the number of children of official secondary school age enrolled in school to the number of children of official secondary school age in the population.
Participation > Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training."
Secondary education > General pupils per 1000: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Secondary education > Teachers per 1000: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Ratio of female to male primary enrollment: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
Children out of school > Primary > Male: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index in primary, or elementary, school. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
Spending per primary school student: Primary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 13: Intended hours of instruction per year for 14 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 9: Intended hours of instruction per year for 9 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Female enrolment share > Secondary level: Girls' enrolment share, secondary level is the number of girls enrolled in secondary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in secondary school.
Private school enrolment > Secondary level: Private sector enrolment share, secondary level is the share of students in general secondary education who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 40-44 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 20-24: Compares countries by number of illiterate individuals, in the age range 20 to 24. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 25-29 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of illiterate individuals, in the age range 25 to 29. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Female illiterates > Aged 25-29 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Female illiterates > Aged 65-69 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Male illiterates > Aged 35-39: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence.
Literacy > Female illiterates > Aged 35-39 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 15-19 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of illiterate individuals, in the age range 15 to 19. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 15-19: Number of females aged 15-19 years, who are literate.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 50-54 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of illiterate individuals, in the age range 50 to 54. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Outcomes > Tertiary attainment > Tertiary attainment for age group 55-64: For each age group shown, those who have completed tertiary education are shown as a percentage of all persons in that age group. Tertiary education includes both tertiary-type "A programmes”, which are largely theoretically-based and designed to provide qualifications for entry to advanced research programmes and professions with high skill requirements, as well as tertiary-type "B programmes” which are classified at the same level of competencies as tertiary-type A programmes but are more occupationally-oriented and lead to direct labour market access. The tertiary attainment profiles are based on the percentage of the population aged 25 to 64 that has completed that level of education.
Scouting > Members per thousand people: Membership (from 2012). Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning science: Intended instruction time spent studying science, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
School life expectancy > Female: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
Elementary school repeaters > Female: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
Elementary school repeaters > Male: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
High school teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Elementary school teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Primary teacher salary > After 15 years: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999.
Homeschooling prevalance: Prevalence of homeschooling.
High school enrolment rate > Male: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Proportion of 15 year-olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 15 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Literacy > Women above 14 years: Percent of female population above the age of 14 years that is literate.
Gender ratio > Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds: Literacy gender parity rate of 15-24 year olds in each country. This number is achieved by dividing the total amount of females who are literate by the total amount of males who are literate. Numbers below 1 mean that more males are literate, while numbers over 1 indicate that more females are literate, with the difference in the numbers indicating to what extent this is true. For instance, in Chad (with a parity rate of .42%) a substantial amount of more males are literate than females. These numbers are only for 15-24 year olds.
Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ > Women per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Proportion of 20 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 20 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Participation > Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning vocational skills: Intended instruction time spent studying vocational skills, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
Universities > Top 200 > Per $ GDP: Number of universities in the top 200 Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 billion $ gross domestic product.
Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Primary education > Pupils per 1000: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Intake ratio to last grade of primary > Females: Number of female entrants in the last grade of primary education (regardless of age) expressed as a percentage of the female population at entrance age to the last grade.
Pupils-teacher ratio > Secondary level: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary level is the average number of pupils per teacher in secondary education. Cross-country comparisons may be affected by such factors as the composition of teachers by part- and full-time employment.
Repitition rate > Secondary level: Repetition rate is the percentage of secondary school pupils who are currently enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year.
Young shorttext readers: Share of 15-year-olds who are frequent shorttext (particularly comics) readers (2000)
Share of university qualifications awarded to females: Percentage share of tertiary level A qualifications as first degree awarded to females. Data for 2000.
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD per million: Research and development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. R&D is a term covering three activities: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.
The main aggregate used for international comparisons is gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD). This consists of the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc. It excludes R&D expenditures financed by domestic firms but performed abroad. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Young longtext readers: Share of 15-year-olds who are frequent longtext readers(2000)
Proportion of primary education time spent learning foreign languages: Intended instruction time spent studying modern foreign languages, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
Primary teacher salary > Starting per 1000: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Spending per secondary school student > Per $ GDP: Secondary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity. Per $ GDP figures expressed per $1,000 of Gross Domestic Product.
Library employees per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Expected duration of education for males: Expected years of schooling for a male 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
Proportion of 19 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 19 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > First degree: Percentage share of tertiary level A qualifications as first degree awarded to females. Data for 2000.
Proportion of 16 year-olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 16 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 25-29: Compares countries by number of male illiterates, in the age range 25 to 29. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 60-64: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence.
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 50-54: Compares countries by number of male literates, in the age range 50 to 54. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 50-54 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Female illiterates > Aged over 10 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 35-39 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of male literates, in the age range 35 to 39. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers."
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 25-29 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of male illiterates, in the age range 25 to 29. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 35-39: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence.
Primary teacher salary per hour > After 15 years: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary level education, per hour after 15 years experience and typical training. Expressed in equivalent US dollars converted using Purchasing Power Parities (PPP's). Data for 1999.
Literacy > Female illiterates > Aged 15-19 per thousand people:
Number of females aged 15-19 years, who are illiterate.
. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Male illiterates > Aged 50-54: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 30-34: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence.
Literacy > Male illiterates > Aged 70-74: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence.
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 35-39: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence.
Literacy > Female illiterates > Aged 35-39: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence.
Literacy and Attainment > Educational attainment: completed tertiary > Tertiary > Population 25+ years > % > Over 24 year olds: Percentage of population older than 24 years that has completed tertiary education.
Literacy > Female literates > Aged over 10: Number of females older than 10 years, who are literate.
Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with secondary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Literacy > Literates > Aged 40-44: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence.
Public spending on education, total > % of GDP: Public spending on education, total (% of GDP). Public expenditure on education as % of GDP is the total public expenditure (current and capital) on education expressed as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in a given year. Public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration, and transfers/subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 60-64 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 80-84 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 25-29 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Female illiterates > Aged 80-84 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 30-34 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Male illiterates > Aged 50-54 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Female illiterates > Aged 75-79 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 50-54 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 65-69 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with primary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force: Labor force with tertiary education, male (% of male labor force). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Unemployment with tertiary education, female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment with tertiary education, female (% of female unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Unemployment with tertiary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with tertiary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Teaching weeks per year > Lower secondary: Average number of weeks taught per year by lower secondary level teachers. Data for 2000.
School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Primary education > Teachers > % female: Female teachers as a percentage of total primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Expenditure per student > Secondary > % of GDP per capita: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita.
Gross intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of relevant age group: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ > Men > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Proportion of 17 year olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 17 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Government spending on education > % of GDP: Public expenditure on education consists of current and capital public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
Government spending on education > % of government spending: Public expenditure on education consists of current and capital public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
School enrollment, primary, private > % of total primary: School enrollment, primary, private (% of total primary). Percentage of private enrolment. Primary is the enrolment in private primary schools expressed as a percentage of total enrolment (public and private) in primary schools. 'Private' refers to all educational institutions not operated by a public authority, regardless of whether they receive financial support from public authorities. A high percentage indicates strong involvement of the non-governmental sector (including religious bodies, other organizations, associations, communities, private enterprises or persons) in providing organized educational programmes.
Primary education, pupils > % female: Primary education, pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Primary is the number of female students at the primary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) at the primary level in a given school year.
School enrollment, primary, female > % gross: School enrollment, primary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Primary. Female is the total female enrollment in primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Primary completion rate, total > % of relevant age group: Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group). Primary completion rate. Total is the total number of new entrants in the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, expressed as percentage of the total population of the theoretical entrance age to the last grade of primary. This indicator is also known as "gross intake rate to the last grade of primary." The ratio can exceed 100% due to over-aged and under-aged children who enter primary school late/early and/or repeat grades.
Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, female > % of relevant age group: Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, female (% of relevant age group). Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
Secondary education, general pupils > % female: Secondary education, general pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Total secondary. General programmes is the number of female students enrolled in general programmes at the secondary education level expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) enrolled in general programmes at the secondary education level in a given school year.
Total enrollment, primary, male > % net: Total enrollment, primary, male (% net). Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
Labor force with primary education, female > % of female labor force: Labor force with primary education, female (% of female labor force). Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Labor force with tertiary education > % of total: Labor force with tertiary education (% of total). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Secondary education, vocational pupils per 1000: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Secondary education, teachers, female per 1000: Secondary education, teachers, female. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Female is the total number of female teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 65-69 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 45-49 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of male literates in the age range 45 to 49. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 10-14 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of male illiterates, in the age range 10 to 14. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 30-34 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of male literates, in the age range 30 to 34. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 50-54 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of male literates, in the age range 50 to 54. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 40-44 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of male literates, in the age range 40 to 44. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 40-44 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of illiterate individuals, in the age range 40 to 44. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 75-79 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of male illiterates, in the age range 75 to 79. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 55-59 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 55-59 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of male iliterate individuals, in the age range 55 to 59. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 70-74 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 35-39 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Participation > School enrollment > Preprimary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment."
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Male > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Male > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Private > % of total primary: Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organisation, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise."
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged over 10 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of illiterate individuals aged over 10. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Male illiterates > Aged 25-29: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence.
Adjusted savings: education expenditure > % of GNI: Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI). Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 50-54: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 30-34: Compares countries by number of illiterate individuals, in the age range 30 to 34. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 80-84: Compares countries by number of illiterate individuals, in the age range 80 to 84. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems
Literacy > Male illiterates > Aged 15-19: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence.
School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
School enrollment, primary, male > % net: School enrollment, primary, male (% net). Net enrolment rate. Primary. Male is the ratio of male children of the official primary school age who are enrolled in primary school to the male population of the official primary school age.
Persistence to last grade of primary, female > % of cohort: Persistence to last grade of primary, female (% of cohort). Survival rate to last grade of primary. Female is the share of female children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary. The estimate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
Repeaters, primary, male > % of male enrollment: Repeaters, primary, male (% of male enrollment). Percentage of repeaters in primary. All grades. Male is the number of male students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all male students enrolled in primary school. It is calculated by dividing the sum of male repeaters in all grades of primary education by the total male enrolment of primary education and multiplying the result by 100.
Outcomes > Ratio of young literate females to males > % ages 15-24: Ratio of young literate females to males is the percentage of females to males ages 15-24 who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life."
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 80-84: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence.
Expected duration of education for females: Expected years of schooling for a female 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 35-39 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of illiterate individuals, in the age range 35 to 39. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Proportion of 18 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 18 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning religion: Intended instruction time spent studying religion, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
School enrollment, secondary, female > % gross: School enrollment, secondary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Secondary. All programmes. Female is the total female enrollment in secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
School enrollment, secondary, male > % net: School enrollment, secondary, male (% net). Net enrolment rate. Secondary. All programmes. Male is the ratio of male children of the official secondary school age who are enrolled in secondary school to the male population of the official secondary school age.
Repeaters, secondary, female > % of female enrollment: Repeaters, secondary, female (% of female enrollment). Percentage of repeaters in secondary. All grades. Female is the number of female students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all female students enrolled in secondary school. It is calculated by dividing the sum of female repeaters in all grades of secondary education by the total female enrolment of secondary education and multiplying the result by 100.
Secondary education, teachers, female: Secondary education, teachers, female. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Female is the total number of female teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Share of vocational tertiary qualifications awarded to females > First degree: Percentage share of tertiary level B qualifications as first degree awarded to females. Data for 2000.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > Advanced research degree: Percentage share of advanced research degrees awarded to females. Data for 2000.
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 10-14: Compares countries by number of male literates, in the age range 10 to 14. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 60-64 per thousand people: Compares countries by number of male literates, in the age range 60 to 64. The data was gathered by the United Nations Statistics Division, whose self-declared mission is to compile and disseminate global statistical information, develop standards and norms for statistical activities, and support countries’ efforts to strengthen their national statistical systems. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 30-34 per thousand people: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
School enrollment, tertiary, male > % gross: School enrollment, tertiary, male (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Tertiary (ISCED 5 and 6). Male is the total male enrollment in tertiary education (ISCED 5 and 6), regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 10-14: Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence.

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STAT	Italy	Spain
Adult literacy rate > Total	98.8 Ranked 20th. 1% more than Spain	97.63 Ranked 31st.
Average years of schooling of adults	7.2 Ranked 36th.	7.3 Ranked 34th. 1% more than Italy
Children out of school, primary	25,573 Ranked 58th. 3 times more than Spain	7,575 Ranked 75th.
Children out of school, primary per 1000	0.421 Ranked 106th. 3 times more than Spain	0.164 Ranked 112th.
Children out of school, primary, female	17,905 Ranked 48th. 9 times more than Spain	2,020 Ranked 78th.
College and university > Gender parity index	1.39 Ranked 35th. 13% more than Spain	1.23 Ranked 42nd.
Compulsary education duration	10 Ranked 64th.	11 Ranked 36th. 10% more than Italy
Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP	4.5% Ranked 64th.	4.97% Ranked 57th. 10% more than Italy
High school enrolment rate	99.72 Ranked 10th. 2% more than Spain	98.15 Ranked 13th.
Homeschooling legal status	Legal, homeschooling is allowed by the constitution.	Neither legal nor illegal, as Constitution recognises freedom of education, but national education law stipulates that compulsive education must be met through school attendance.
Literacy > Total population	98.6% Ranked 36th. 1% more than Spain	97.9% Ranked 41st.
Primary education, duration > Years	5 Ranked 167th.	6 Ranked 75th. 20% more than Italy
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary	10.33 Ranked 139th.	12.4 Ranked 109th. 20% more than Italy
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary	10.1 Ranked 100th.	11.05 Ranked 74th. 9% more than Italy
Secondary education, duration > Years	8 Ranked 15th. 33% more than Spain	6 Ranked 115th.
Primary education, teachers per 1000	4.6 Ranked 70th.	4.84 Ranked 59th. 5% more than Italy
College and university > Share of total education spending	18.76% Ranked 63th.	23.43% Ranked 33th. 25% more than Italy
Literacy > Female	98.3% Ranked 33th. 1% more than Spain	97.2% Ranked 42nd.
Children out of school, primary, female per 1000	0.295 Ranked 86th. 7 times more than Spain	0.0437 Ranked 102nd.
College and university > Gender ratio	140.71 Ranked 27th. 14% more than Spain	123.68 Ranked 47th.
Child care (preschool) > Duration	3 Ranked 89th. The same as Spain	3 Ranked 72nd.
Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita	7.17 per 1,000 people Ranked 41st. 10% more than Spain	6.49 per 1,000 people Ranked 50th.
Duration of compulsory education	9 years Ranked 86th.	11 years Ranked 26th. 22% more than Italy
Secondary education, pupils	4.63 million Ranked 17th. 43% more than Spain	3.25 million Ranked 23th.
College and university > Private school share	9.59% Ranked 90th.	14.75% Ranked 75th. 54% more than Italy
Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment	1 Ranked 43th. 2% more than Spain	0.98 Ranked 66th.
School life expectancy > Total	14.7 years Ranked 20th.	15.3 years Ranked 13th. 4% more than Italy
Literacy > Adult literacy	98.9% Ranked 19th. 2% more than Spain	97.4% Ranked 28th.
Primary education, teachers	273,113 Ranked 18th. 22% more than Spain	223,644 Ranked 17th.
Primary education, pupils	2.83 million Ranked 37th. 2% more than Spain	2.77 million Ranked 38th.
Adult literacy rate > Female	98.5 Ranked 22nd. 2% more than Spain	96.89 Ranked 32nd.
Tertiary enrollment	49.9% Ranked 22nd.	59.4% Ranked 10th. 19% more than Italy
Spending per student > College and university	22.28 Ranked 36th.	24.99 Ranked 31st. 12% more than Italy
High school > Gender ratio	99.03 Ranked 81st.	105.83 Ranked 26th. 7% more than Italy
Compulsary education starting age	6 Ranked 103th. The same as Spain	6 Ranked 88th.
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million	0.17 Ranked 107th.	0.239 Ranked 87th. 41% more than Italy
Literacy > Definition	age 15 and over can read and write	age 15 and over can read and write
High school > Upper secondary school duration	5 Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Spain	2 Ranked 173th.
Literacy > Male	99% Ranked 32nd. About the same as Spain	98.7% Ranked 42nd.
Spending > USD	101.89 billion Ranked 6th. 67% more than Spain	61 billion Ranked 10th.
High school > Private school share	8.52% Ranked 84th.	27.31% Ranked 28th. 3 times more than Italy
Spending > Proportion	4.52 Ranked 70th. 16% more than Spain	3.9 Ranked 87th.
Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary	10.62 Ranked 138th.	13.93 Ranked 125th. 31% more than Italy
Child care (preschool) > Starting age	3 Ranked 158th. The same as Spain	3 Ranked 134th.
High school repeaters > Male	3.86 Ranked 53th.	13.96 Ranked 19th. 4 times more than Italy
Literacy rates > Aged 15-24	99.8% Ranked 1st. About the same as Spain	99.6% Ranked 2nd.
Preschool enrollment rate	103.82 Ranked 80th.	106.72 Ranked 55th. 3% more than Italy
Tertiary > Students studying abroad	47,272.98 Ranked 12th. 83% more than Spain	25,884.4 Ranked 34th.
Primary completion rate	101 Ranked 31st.	108 Ranked 12th. 7% more than Italy
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level	1.91 million Ranked 20th. 4% more than Spain	1.84 million Ranked 21st.
Teachers as percentage of labor force	4.7% Ranked 10th.	5.2% Ranked 6th. 11% more than Italy
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall	486 Ranked 27th. 1% more than Spain	481 Ranked 31st.
Elementary (primary school) > Duration	5 Ranked 177th.	6 Ranked 81st. 20% more than Italy
Children out of school > Primary	11,194 Ranked 73th.	12,671 Ranked 71st. 13% more than Italy
Secondary education, teachers	450,757 Ranked 10th. 53% more than Spain	293,861 Ranked 13th.
Secondary education, teachers per 1000	7.59 Ranked 33th. 19% more than Spain	6.36 Ranked 46th.
Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher	11.62 Ranked 101st.	12.05 Ranked 84th. 4% more than Italy
Mathematical literacy	457 Ranked 23th.	476 Ranked 21st. 4% more than Italy
High school > Lower secondary school duration	3 Ranked 146th.	4 Ranked 47th. 33% more than Italy
Children out of school, primary, male per 1000	0.126 Ranked 97th. 5% more than Spain	0.12 Ranked 98th.
Scientific literacy	478 Ranked 23th.	491 Ranked 19th. 3% more than Italy
Spending per student > High school	25.38 Ranked 17th. 5% more than Spain	24.13 Ranked 22nd.
Secondary education, general pupils	2.92 million Ranked 21st. 9% more than Spain	2.68 million Ranked 24th.
Reading literacy	487 Ranked 20th.	493 Ranked 18th. 1% more than Italy
Illiteracy rates by sex > Aged 15+	1.4% Ranked 122nd.	2.1% Ranked 114th. 50% more than Italy
High school > Gender parity index	0.986 Ranked 91st.	1.01 Ranked 47th. 3% more than Italy
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills	486 Ranked 27th. 1% more than Spain	481 Ranked 31st.
Scientific and technical journal articles	24,696 Ranked 8th. 47% more than Spain	16,826 Ranked 9th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve	482 Ranked 30th. About the same as Spain	480 Ranked 31st.
College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female	36% Ranked 21st.	40% Ranked 35th. 11% more than Italy
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion	2.4% Ranked 88th. 81% more than Spain	1.33% Ranked 106th.
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000	33.48 Ranked 40th.	44.55 Ranked 23th. 33% more than Italy
Scouting > Genders admitted	both	both
Elementary (primary school) > Starting age	6 Ranked 130th. The same as Spain	6 Ranked 105th.
Education expenditure of government > As percentage of total government	9.6% Ranked 70th.	11% Ranked 62nd. 15% more than Italy
Children out of school, primary, male	7,668 Ranked 57th. 38% more than Spain	5,555 Ranked 66th.
Education expenditure of government > As percentage of GNI	4.7% Ranked 56th. 9% more than Spain	4.3% Ranked 65th.
High school > Students per teacher	10.1 Ranked 103th.	11.05 Ranked 75th. 9% more than Italy
Secondary education > General pupils	2.81 million Ranked 26th. 7% more than Spain	2.63 million Ranked 27th.
Spending per student > Elementary school	22.8 Ranked 17th. 15% more than Spain	19.88 Ranked 25th.
Secondary school starting age > Years	11 Ranked 168th.	12 Ranked 80th. 9% more than Italy
High school starting age > Years	11 Ranked 147th.	12 Ranked 75th. 9% more than Italy
Primary education > Teachers > Per capita	4.48 per 1,000 people Ranked 78th. 7% more than Spain	4.2 per 1,000 people Ranked 87th.
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 15-19 per thousand people	25.34 Ranked 27th.	29.33 Ranked 25th. 16% more than Italy
Education enrolment by level > Primary level	2.78 million Ranked 45th. 12% more than Spain	2.49 million Ranked 50th.
High school > Population with at least high school education > Women	68% Ranked 60th. 7% more than Spain	63.3% Ranked 67th.
Elementary school graduate rate	99.56 Ranked 8th.	99.86 Ranked 2nd. About the same as Italy
Literacy rate > People aged 15-24	99.9 Ranked 3rd. About the same as Spain	99.56 Ranked 26th.
Schools connected to the Internet	88% Ranked 20th.	94% Ranked 14th. 7% more than Italy
Public spending per student > Primary level	21.2 Ranked 14th. 13% more than Spain	18.8 Ranked 18th.
Secondary education, pupils per 1000	76.25 Ranked 85th. 8% more than Spain	70.34 Ranked 105th.
Primary education, pupils per 1000	46.56 Ranked 138th.	60.05 Ranked 121st. 29% more than Italy
Girls to boys ratio > Tertiary level enrolment	1.34 Ranked 42nd. 10% more than Spain	1.22 Ranked 43th.
Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+	685,500 Ranked 70th.	718,300 Ranked 67th. 5% more than Italy
Girls to boys ratio > Secondary level enrolment	0.99 Ranked 97th.	1.05 Ranked 38th. 6% more than Italy
Literacy > Female literates > Aged over 10 per thousand people	462.13 Ranked 5th. 3% more than Spain	446.74 Ranked 9th.
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita	33.48 per 1,000 people Ranked 40th.	44.55 per 1,000 people Ranked 23th. 33% more than Italy
Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people	0.778 Ranked 126th. 39% more than Spain	0.561 Ranked 139th.
Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years	8 Ranked 14th. 33% more than Spain	6 Ranked 98th.
Teacher student ratio > High school	10.1 Ranked 97th.	10.8 Ranked 70th. 7% more than Italy
Children out of school > Primary per 1000	0.192 Ranked 115th.	0.297 Ranked 111th. 54% more than Italy
Inequality adjusted index	0.74 Ranked 36th.	0.823 Ranked 22nd. 11% more than Italy
High school repeaters > Female	2.18 Ranked 59th.	11.34 Ranked 20th. 5 times more than Italy
Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ > Women	447,300 Ranked 69th.	503,500 Ranked 65th. 13% more than Italy
Teacher student ratio > Elementary school	10.33 Ranked 132nd.	12.42 Ranked 112th. 20% more than Italy
Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries	57.73% Ranked 23th.	68.1% Ranked 13th. 18% more than Italy
Literacy rate > Females aged 15-24	99.9 Ranked 6th. About the same as Spain	99.6 Ranked 27th.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 11	1,020 hours Ranked 6th. 28% more than Spain	795 hours Ranked 27th.
Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5	99.8% Ranked 4th.	99.9% Ranked 2nd. About the same as Italy
Elementary school > Enrolled students	2.82 million Ranked 42nd. 7% more than Spain	2.63 million Ranked 39th.
Primary education > Duration > Years	5 years Ranked 159th.	6 years Ranked 74th. 20% more than Italy
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita	$19,316.27 Ranked 16th. 18% more than Spain	$16,332.08 Ranked 17th.
School enrolment rate > 1st grade	105.66 Ranked 56th. About the same as Spain	105.18 Ranked 50th.
Secondary education, general pupils per 1000	48.17 Ranked 127th.	58.07 Ranked 99th. 21% more than Italy
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 12	1,020 hours Ranked 10th. 28% more than Spain	795 hours Ranked 33th.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 15-19 per thousand people	51.94 Ranked 27th.	60.14 Ranked 25th. 16% more than Italy
Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret	490 Ranked 25th. 2% more than Spain	481 Ranked 33th.
Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share	6.93% Ranked 87th.	32.62% Ranked 23th. 5 times more than Italy
High school > Lower secondary starting age	11 Ranked 174th.	12 Ranked 81st. 9% more than Italy
Elementary school > Gender ratio	99.14 Ranked 61st. About the same as Spain	98.93 Ranked 55th.
High school enrolment rate > Female	99.42 Ranked 18th.	99.48 Ranked 5th. The same as Italy
Illiteracy rates by sex > Aged 15+ > Women	1.7% Ranked 121st.	2.9% Ranked 111th. 71% more than Italy
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level	99% Ranked 20th. The same as Spain	99% Ranked 17th.
Duration of education > Secondary level	8 Ranked 15th. 33% more than Spain	6 Ranked 93th.
Public spending per student > Tertiary level	26 Ranked 56th. 31% more than Spain	19.8 Ranked 62nd.
Secondary education > Pupils	4.51 million Ranked 18th. 48% more than Spain	3.05 million Ranked 26th.
Primary education > Pupils	2.77 million Ranked 43th. 11% more than Spain	2.5 million Ranked 46th.
High school > Population with at least high school education > Men	78.1% Ranked 49th. 12% more than Spain	69.7% Ranked 62nd.
Literacy rate > Males aged 15-24	99.9 Ranked 2nd. About the same as Spain	99.53 Ranked 25th.
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Tertiary level	56.25% Ranked 38th. 6% more than Spain	53.14% Ranked 61st.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita	79.22 per 1,000 people Ranked 95th. 7% more than Spain	73.89 per 1,000 people Ranked 109th.
Secondary education, vocational pupils	1.71 million Ranked 6th. 3 times more than Spain	566,815 Ranked 17th.
Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher	10.33 Ranked 141st.	12.4 Ranked 110th. 20% more than Italy
Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries	78.45% Ranked 33th.	80.2% Ranked 27th. 2% more than Italy
Secondary education > Teachers	417,023.3 Ranked 11th. 51% more than Spain	276,928 Ranked 17th.
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary	16 years Ranked 20th. The same as Spain	16 years Ranked 17th.
School enrolment rate > 5th grade	99.56 Ranked 7th.	99.82 Ranked 6th. About the same as Italy
Spending per secondary school student	$6,458.00 per student Ranked 7th. 51% more than Spain	$4,274.00 per student Ranked 16th.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level	4.53 million Ranked 22nd. 48% more than Spain	3.05 million Ranked 30th.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 30-34 per thousand people	0.318 Ranked 21st.	0.556 Ranked 19th. 75% more than Italy
Scientific and technical journal articles per million	428.72 Ranked 22nd. 7% more than Spain	400.58 Ranked 23th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts	476 Ranked 29th. 1% more than Spain	473 Ranked 31st.
Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts	489 Ranked 26th. 1% more than Spain	484 Ranked 29th.
Duration of education > Primary level	5 Ranked 141st.	6 Ranked 70th. 20% more than Italy
Women to men parity index > As ratio of literacy rates > Aged 15-24	1 Ranked 14th. The same as Spain	1 Ranked 7th.
Expected duration of education for all students	15.8 years Ranked 23th.	17.5 years Ranked 9th. 11% more than Italy
Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education	99.07% Ranked 81st.	102.59% Ranked 17th. 4% more than Italy
Participation > Children out of school > Elementary	19,018 Ranked 68th. 5 times more than Spain	3,890 Ranked 86th.
Public spending per student > Secondary level	27.1 Ranked 18th. 6% more than Spain	25.5 Ranked 21st.
Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ per 1000	11.9 Ranked 115th.	17.1 Ranked 107th. 44% more than Italy
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Primary level	48.41% Ranked 85th. About the same as Spain	48.33% Ranked 92nd.
Literacy rates > Aged 15-24 > Women	99.8% Ranked 3rd. About the same as Spain	99.6% Ranked 2nd.
Children out of school > Primary > Per capita	0.192 per 1,000 people Ranked 116th.	0.297 per 1,000 people Ranked 112th. 55% more than Italy
Literacy > Literates > Aged 15-19	2.96 million Ranked 5th. 21% more than Spain	2.45 million Ranked 6th.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 35-39	23,155 Ranked 11th.	25,595 Ranked 10th. 11% more than Italy
Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate	482 Ranked 30th.	483 Ranked 28th. About the same as Italy
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Women	99% Ranked 19th. The same as Spain	99% Ranked 17th.
High school > Upper secondary starting age	14 Ranked 192nd.	16 Ranked 33th. 14% more than Italy
Elementary school starting age > Years	6 Ranked 117th. The same as Spain	6 Ranked 95th.
Library books	13.19 million Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Spain	5.82 million Ranked 4th.
Teaching weeks per year > Primary	34 weeks per year Ranked 34th.	37 weeks per year Ranked 27th. 9% more than Italy
Elementary school repeaters > All	0.24 Ranked 123th.	0.0 Ranked 119th.
School life expectancy > Male	14.5 years Ranked 19th.	15 years Ranked 15th. 3% more than Italy
Universities > Top 200	3 Ranked 18th. 3 times more than Spain	1 Ranked 25th.
Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita	48.3 per 1,000 people Ranked 127th.	61.5 per 1,000 people Ranked 97th. 27% more than Italy
Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita	0.049 per capita Ranked 151st.	0.06 per capita Ranked 143th. 22% more than Italy
Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000	48.62 Ranked 155th.	60.23 Ranked 146th. 24% more than Italy
Illiteracy rates by sex > Aged 15+ > Men	1% Ranked 117th.	1.3% Ranked 114th. 30% more than Italy
Primary teacher salary > Starting	$19,188.00 Ranked 14th.	$24,464.00 Ranked 7th. 27% more than Italy
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Men	100% Ranked 13th. The same as Spain	100% Ranked 7th.
Literacy rates > Aged 15-24 > Men	99.8% Ranked 1st. About the same as Spain	99.5% Ranked 3rd.
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge per million	0.0393% Ranked 16th.	0.0562% Ranked 13th. 43% more than Italy
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD	1.09% Ranked 24th.	1.12% Ranked 23th. 3% more than Italy
Library books per 1000	231.7 Ranked 3rd. 58% more than Spain	146.56 Ranked 5th.
Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level	10.7 Ranked 132nd.	14.3 Ranked 119th. 34% more than Italy
Elementary (primary school) > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female	95% Ranked 2nd. 27% more than Spain	75% Ranked 51st.
Secondary education > Vocational pupils	1.7 million Ranked 6th. 4 times more than Spain	422,790 Ranked 20th.
Primary education > Teachers	260,769.1 Ranked 15th. 45% more than Spain	179,271 Ranked 24th.
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Secondary level	48.46% Ranked 100th.	50.01% Ranked 56th. 3% more than Italy
Literacy > Male illiterates > Aged 35-39 per thousand people	0.221 Ranked 20th.	0.318 Ranked 18th. 44% more than Italy
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 10-14	1,771 Ranked 17th.	29,385 Ranked 11th. 17 times more than Italy
Literacy > Literates > Aged over 10 per thousand people	893.72 Ranked 2nd. 1% more than Spain	880.93 Ranked 5th.
Expenditure on education > Change in expenditure on education > Expenditure in tertiary education	112.26 Index of change, year 200 Ranked 22nd.	114.14 Index of change, year 200 Ranked 21st. 2% more than Italy
Private school enrolment > Primary level	7 Ranked 44th.	33.4 Ranked 13th. 5 times more than Italy
Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years	5 Ranked 148th.	6 Ranked 68th. 20% more than Italy
Library employees	595 Ranked 2nd. 20% more than Spain	495.5 Ranked 4th.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 10	1,020 hours Ranked 7th. 28% more than Spain	795 hours Ranked 24th.
Secondary education > Pupils per 1000	77.45 Ranked 78th. 8% more than Spain	71.4 Ranked 99th.
Primary education > Teachers per 1000	4.48 Ranked 76th. 7% more than Spain	4.2 Ranked 87th.
Literacy > Men above 14 years	98.8% Ranked 6th. 1% more than Spain	98% Ranked 3rd.
Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita	0.118 per 1,000 people Ranked 109th.	0.227 per 1,000 people Ranked 105th. 92% more than Italy
Female enrolment share > Primary level	48.5% Ranked 78th. About the same as Spain	48.4% Ranked 82nd.
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge	2.37% Ranked 16th.	2.58% Ranked 14th. 9% more than Italy
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$	$1.17 trillion Ranked 5th. 55% more than Spain	$752.43 billion Ranked 7th.
Universities > Top 200 per million	0.0512 Ranked 22nd. 2 times more than Spain	0.023 Ranked 24th.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning technology	9	5
Primary school starting age > Years	6 Ranked 130th. The same as Spain	6 Ranked 106th.
Scouting > Members	102,066 Ranked 16th. 72% more than Spain	59,408 Ranked 26th.
High school> Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries	65.39% Ranked 30th.	75.12% Ranked 15th. 15% more than Italy
Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries	82.58% Ranked 43th. 2% more than Spain	80.72% Ranked 50th.
High school > Share of total education spending	42.94% Ranked 22nd. 16% more than Spain	36.97% Ranked 41st.
Elementary (primary) school > Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries	63.76% Ranked 31st.	70.72% Ranked 25th. 11% more than Italy
Enrolment ratio > Secondary level	90.5% Ranked 10th.	93.7% Ranked 4th. 4% more than Italy
Participation > Secondary education > General pupils	2.87 million Ranked 25th. 11% more than Spain	2.57 million Ranked 24th.
Secondary education > General pupils per 1000	48.3 Ranked 126th.	61.5 Ranked 98th. 27% more than Italy
Secondary education > Teachers per 1000	7.17 Ranked 40th. 11% more than Spain	6.49 Ranked 49th.
Ratio of female to male primary enrollment	99.51 Ranked 46th. 1% more than Spain	98.25 Ranked 79th.
Children out of school > Primary > Male	4,320 Ranked 74th. 45% more than Spain	2,989 Ranked 78th.
Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index	0.986 Ranked 86th.	0.994 Ranked 40th. 1% more than Italy
Spending per primary school student	$5,653.00 per student Ranked 6th. 73% more than Spain	$3,267.00 per student Ranked 15th.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 13	0.0 Ranked 38th.	870 hours Ranked 29th.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 9	1,020 hours Ranked 7th. 28% more than Spain	795 hours Ranked 22nd.
Female enrolment share > Secondary level	48.1% Ranked 89th.	50% Ranked 52nd. 4% more than Italy
Private school enrolment > Secondary level	5.5 Ranked 18th.	30 Ranked 23th. 5 times more than Italy
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000	79.23 Ranked 95th. 7% more than Spain	73.89 Ranked 110th.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 40-44 per thousand people	70.95 Ranked 8th.	73.51 Ranked 7th. 4% more than Italy
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 20-24	7,648 Ranked 17th.	14,594 Ranked 12th. 91% more than Italy
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 25-29 per thousand people	0.223 Ranked 24th.	0.502 Ranked 19th. 2 times more than Italy
Literacy > Female illiterates > Aged 25-29 per thousand people	0.106 Ranked 23th.	0.224 Ranked 19th. 2 times more than Italy
Literacy > Female illiterates > Aged 65-69 per thousand people	1.36 Ranked 12th.	2.25 Ranked 10th. 66% more than Italy
Literacy > Male illiterates > Aged 35-39	12,610 Ranked 10th.	12,967 Ranked 9th. 3% more than Italy
Literacy > Female illiterates > Aged 35-39 per thousand people	0.185 Ranked 21st.	0.31 Ranked 19th. 68% more than Italy
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 15-19 per thousand people	0.0764 Ranked 27th.	0.278 Ranked 21st. 4 times more than Italy
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 15-19	1.44 million Ranked 5th. 21% more than Spain	1.19 million Ranked 6th.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 50-54 per thousand people	0.522 Ranked 19th.	0.913 Ranked 17th. 75% more than Italy
Outcomes > Tertiary attainment > Tertiary attainment for age group 55-64	8.58% Ranked 27th.	15.29% Ranked 20th. 78% more than Italy
Scouting > Members per thousand people	1.68 Ranked 70th. 30% more than Spain	1.29 Ranked 79th.
Primary completion rate > Women	101 Ranked 30th.	107 Ranked 13th. 6% more than Italy
Proportion of primary education time spent learning science	10% Ranked 26th. The same as Spain	10% Ranked 23th.
School life expectancy > Female	14.8 years Ranked 20th.	15.6 years Ranked 14th. 5% more than Italy
Elementary school repeaters > Female	0.18 Ranked 121st.	0.0 Ranked 115th.
Elementary school repeaters > Male	0.3 Ranked 120th.	0.0 Ranked 116th.
Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5 > Men	100% Ranked 6th. The same as Spain	100% Ranked 3rd.
Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita	0.074 per 1,000 people Ranked 111th. 6% more than Spain	0.07 per 1,000 people Ranked 112th.
High school teachers	450,757 Ranked 11th. 59% more than Spain	284,084 Ranked 12th.
Elementary school teachers	273,113 Ranked 16th. 29% more than Spain	211,320 Ranked 19th.
Primary teacher salary > After 15 years	$23,137.00 Ranked 17th.	$28,614.00 Ranked 9th. 24% more than Italy
Homeschooling prevalance	Unknown	About 2,000 families
High school enrolment rate > Male	100 Ranked 9th. 3% more than Spain	96.92 Ranked 8th.
Proportion of 15 year-olds in secondary education	89% Ranked 26th.	100% Ranked 4th. 12% more than Italy
Literacy > Women above 14 years	98% Ranked 5th. 3% more than Spain	95.1% Ranked 3rd.
Gender ratio > Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds	1% Ranked 14th. The same as Spain	1% Ranked 7th.
Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ > Women per 1000	7.76 Ranked 116th.	11.99 Ranked 107th. 54% more than Italy
Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ > Per capita	11.9 per 1,000 people Ranked 119th.	17.1 per 1,000 people Ranked 112th. 44% more than Italy
Proportion of 20 year olds in tertiary education	26% Ranked 17th.	38% Ranked 4th. 46% more than Italy
Primary completion rate > Men	101 Ranked 28th.	109 Ranked 11th. 8% more than Italy
Participation > Secondary education > Pupils	4.51 million Ranked 17th. 45% more than Spain	3.11 million Ranked 23th.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning vocational skills	n	n
Universities > Top 200 > Per $ GDP	0.002 per $1 billion of GDP Ranked 26th. Twice as much as Spain	0.001 per $1 billion of GDP Ranked 29th.
Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita	77.45 per 1,000 people Ranked 83th. 8% more than Spain	71.4 per 1,000 people Ranked 98th.
Primary education > Pupils per 1000	47.59 Ranked 155th.	58.5 Ranked 146th. 23% more than Italy
Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment	98.81 Ranked 88th.	105.82 Ranked 33th. 7% more than Italy
Intake ratio to last grade of primary > Females	None	None
Pupils-teacher ratio > Secondary level	10.5 Ranked 102nd. 24% more than Spain	8.5 Ranked 116th.
Repitition rate > Secondary level	2.6 Ranked 29th.	9.4 Ranked 13th. 4 times more than Italy
Young shorttext readers	26.4% Ranked 10th. 49% more than Spain	17.7% Ranked 18th.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females	56% Ranked 14th.	59% Ranked 7th. 5% more than Italy
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD per million	0.0181% Ranked 26th.	0.0244% Ranked 25th. 35% more than Italy
Young longtext readers	19.9% Ranked 17th.	23.1% Ranked 13th. 16% more than Italy
Proportion of primary education time spent learning foreign languages	11	11
Primary teacher salary > Starting per 1000	$0.34 Ranked 18th.	$0.61 Ranked 15th. 82% more than Italy
Spending per secondary school student > Per $ GDP	$0.00 per student per $1,000 Ranked 15th.	$0.00 per student per $1,000 Ranked 14th. 14% more than Italy
Library employees per million	10.46 Ranked 4th.	12.47 Ranked 3rd. 19% more than Italy
Expected duration of education for males	15.6 years Ranked 22nd.	17.1 years Ranked 11th. 10% more than Italy
Proportion of 19 year olds in tertiary education	4% Ranked 25th.	35% Ranked 7th. 9 times more than Italy
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > First degree	56% Ranked 14th.	59% Ranked 7th. 5% more than Italy
Proportion of 16 year-olds in secondary education	83% Ranked 26th.	90% Ranked 18th. 8% more than Italy
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 25-29	2.13 million Ranked 3rd. 20% more than Spain	1.77 million Ranked 4th.
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 60-64	1.76 million Ranked 3rd. 96% more than Spain	898,463 Ranked 4th.
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 50-54	1.88 million Ranked 2nd. 59% more than Spain	1.19 million Ranked 4th.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 50-54 per thousand people	67.04 Ranked 3rd. 14% more than Spain	58.66 Ranked 9th.
Literacy > Female illiterates > Aged over 10 per thousand people	8.77 Ranked 21st.	15.33 Ranked 17th. 75% more than Italy
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 35-39 per thousand people	40.39 Ranked 3rd. About the same as Spain	40.23 Ranked 4th.
Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % net	93.2% Ranked 10th.	96.6% Ranked 8th. 4% more than Italy
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 25-29 per thousand people	37.41 Ranked 7th.	43.49 Ranked 2nd. 16% more than Italy
Literacy > Literates > Aged 35-39	4.6 million Ranked 2nd. 41% more than Spain	3.26 million Ranked 5th.
Primary teacher salary per hour > After 15 years	$31.00 per hour Ranked 14th.	$36.00 per hour Ranked 9th. 16% more than Italy
Literacy > Female illiterates > Aged 15-19 per thousand people	0.0348 Ranked 27th.	0.125 Ranked 21st. 4 times more than Italy
Literacy > Male illiterates > Aged 50-54	13,876 Ranked 9th. 5% more than Spain	13,233 Ranked 10th.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 30-34	4.53 million Ranked 2nd. 35% more than Spain	3.35 million Ranked 4th.
Literacy > Male illiterates > Aged 70-74	40,903 Ranked 3rd. 12% more than Spain	36,391 Ranked 4th.
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 35-39	2.3 million Ranked 2nd. 42% more than Spain	1.62 million Ranked 4th.
Literacy > Female illiterates > Aged 35-39	10,545 Ranked 11th.	12,628 Ranked 10th. 20% more than Italy
Literacy and Attainment > Educational attainment: completed tertiary > Tertiary > Population 25+ years > % > Over 24 year olds	12.75% Ranked 37th.	26.94% Ranked 14th. 2 times more than Italy
Literacy > Female literates > Aged over 10	26.33 million Ranked 2nd. 45% more than Spain	18.19 million Ranked 5th.
Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment	37.3% Ranked 58th. 84% more than Spain	20.3% Ranked 77th.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 40-44	4.04 million Ranked 2nd. 35% more than Spain	2.99 million Ranked 4th.
Public spending on education, total > % of GDP	4.5% Ranked 66th.	4.97% Ranked 59th. 10% more than Italy
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 60-64 per thousand people	30.97 Ranked 2nd. 40% more than Spain	22.06 Ranked 10th.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 80-84 per thousand people	20.48 Ranked 1st. 10% more than Spain	18.57 Ranked 2nd.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 25-29 per thousand people	74.31 Ranked 8th.	85.23 Ranked 2nd. 15% more than Italy
Literacy > Female illiterates > Aged 80-84 per thousand people	0.896 Ranked 10th.	1.68 Ranked 7th. 87% more than Italy
Literacy > Literates > Aged 30-34 per thousand people	79.43 Ranked 3rd.	82.19 Ranked 2nd. 3% more than Italy
Literacy > Male illiterates > Aged 50-54 per thousand people	0.244 Ranked 19th.	0.325 Ranked 17th. 33% more than Italy
Literacy > Female illiterates > Aged 75-79 per thousand people	1.37 Ranked 11th.	2.02 Ranked 10th. 48% more than Italy
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 50-54 per thousand people	34.02 Ranked 4th. 15% more than Spain	29.54 Ranked 10th.
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 65-69 per thousand people	27.66 Ranked 5th. 11% more than Spain	24.87 Ranked 7th.
Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment	53.3% Ranked 15th.	63.8% Ranked 6th. 20% more than Italy
Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force	14.4% Ranked 43th.	31.4% Ranked 10th. 2 times more than Italy
Unemployment with tertiary education, female > % of female unemployment	14.3% Ranked 64th.	21.1% Ranked 44th. 48% more than Italy
Unemployment with tertiary education, male > % of male unemployment	7.9% Ranked 71st.	14.4% Ranked 46th. 82% more than Italy
Teaching weeks per year > Lower secondary	34 weeks per year Ranked 33th.	36 weeks per year Ranked 29th. 6% more than Italy
School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross	101.12% gross Ranked 86th.	106.73% gross Ranked 50th. 6% more than Italy
Primary education > Teachers > % female	95.37% female Ranked 13th. 38% more than Spain	69% female Ranked 85th.
Expenditure per student > Secondary > % of GDP per capita	29.17% Ranked 12th. 23% more than Spain	23.76% Ranked 31st.
Gross intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of relevant age group	103.36% Ranked 66th. 1% more than Spain	102.59% Ranked 72nd.
Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ > Men > Per capita	4.14 per 1,000 people Ranked 116th.	5.12 per 1,000 people Ranked 113th. 24% more than Italy
Proportion of 17 year olds in secondary education	73% Ranked 22nd.	78% Ranked 19th. 7% more than Italy
Illiterate population by sex > Aged 15+ > Men	238,400 Ranked 68th. 11% more than Spain	214,900 Ranked 70th.
Government spending on education > % of GDP	4.5% Ranked 64th.	4.97% Ranked 57th. 10% more than Italy
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net	98.18% Ranked 13th.	99.69% Ranked 3rd. 2% more than Italy
Government spending on education > % of government spending	8.96% Ranked 69th.	11.09% Ranked 59th. 24% more than Italy
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross	103.36% Ranked 70th.	106.14% Ranked 50th. 3% more than Italy
School enrollment, primary, private > % of total primary	6.93% Ranked 85th.	32.62% Ranked 23th. 5 times more than Italy
Primary education, pupils > % female	48.32% Ranked 91st.	48.46% Ranked 83th. About the same as Italy
School enrollment, primary, female > % gross	99.44% Ranked 93th.	104.02% Ranked 65th. 5% more than Italy
Primary completion rate, total > % of relevant age group	102.69% Ranked 22nd. About the same as Spain	102.27% Ranked 25th.
Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, female > % of relevant age group	99.06% Ranked 82nd.	100.45% Ranked 75th. 1% more than Italy
Secondary education, general pupils > % female	53.11% Ranked 7th. 7% more than Spain	49.53% Ranked 81st.
Total enrollment, primary, male > % net	99.47% Ranked 7th.	99.59% Ranked 5th. About the same as Italy
Labor force with primary education, female > % of female labor force	28.1% Ranked 8th.	36.6% Ranked 5th. 30% more than Italy
Labor force with tertiary education > % of total	17.9% Ranked 42nd.	34.8% Ranked 10th. 94% more than Italy
Secondary education, vocational pupils per 1000	28.08 Ranked 13th. 2 times more than Spain	12.28 Ranked 49th.
Secondary education, teachers, female per 1000	5.12 Ranked 27th. 47% more than Spain	3.48 Ranked 48th.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 65-69 per thousand people	51.97 Ranked 3rd. 9% more than Spain	47.77 Ranked 5th.
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 45-49 per thousand people	32.26 Ranked 8th. 2% more than Spain	31.51 Ranked 11th.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 10-14 per thousand people	0.0311 Ranked 23th.	0.722 Ranked 15th. 23 times more than Italy
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 30-34 per thousand people	39.9 Ranked 3rd.	41.71 Ranked 2nd. 5% more than Italy
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 50-54 per thousand people	33.02 Ranked 3rd. 13% more than Spain	29.12 Ranked 10th.
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 40-44 per thousand people	35.32 Ranked 9th.	36.68 Ranked 7th. 4% more than Italy
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 40-44 per thousand people	0.408 Ranked 21st.	0.674 Ranked 18th. 65% more than Italy
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 75-79 per thousand people	15.38 Ranked 1st. 12% more than Spain	13.75 Ranked 3rd.
Literacy > Literates > Aged 55-59 per thousand people	57.69 Ranked 3rd. 9% more than Spain	52.8 Ranked 4th.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 55-59 per thousand people	0.667 Ranked 20th.	1.3 Ranked 17th. 94% more than Italy
Literacy > Literates > Aged 70-74 per thousand people	47.09 Ranked 1st. 13% more than Spain	41.52 Ranked 6th.
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 35-39 per thousand people	40.35 Ranked 3rd. 1% more than Spain	39.8 Ranked 5th.
Participation > School enrollment > Preprimary > % gross	101.3% Ranked 13th.	125.59% Ranked 1st. 24% more than Italy
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > % net	98.63% Ranked 9th.	99.76% Ranked 2nd. 1% more than Italy
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Male > % gross	104.26% Ranked 79th.	107.28% Ranked 57th. 3% more than Italy
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Male > % net	99.06% Ranked 7th.	99.83% Ranked 2nd. 1% more than Italy
Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Private > % of total primary	6.98% Ranked 81st.	32.92% Ranked 19th. 5 times more than Italy
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged over 10 per thousand people	13.62 Ranked 21st.	22.08 Ranked 17th. 62% more than Italy
Literacy > Male illiterates > Aged 25-29	6,710 Ranked 13th.	11,330 Ranked 9th. 69% more than Italy
Adjusted savings: education expenditure > % of GNI	4.43% Ranked 71st.	4.57% Ranked 64th. 3% more than Italy
Literacy > Literates > Aged 50-54	3.82 million Ranked 2nd. 60% more than Spain	2.39 million Ranked 4th.
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 30-34	18,143 Ranked 11th.	22,653 Ranked 10th. 25% more than Italy
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 80-84	68,201 Ranked 3rd.	85,462 Ranked 2nd. 25% more than Italy
Literacy > Male illiterates > Aged 15-19	2,368 Ranked 17th.	6,231 Ranked 12th. 3 times more than Italy
School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % gross	98.45% gross Ranked 33th.	122.51% gross Ranked 3rd. 24% more than Italy
School enrollment, primary, male > % net	97.76% Ranked 18th.	99.54% Ranked 4th. 2% more than Italy
Persistence to last grade of primary, female > % of cohort	99.01% Ranked 10th. 2% more than Spain	97.42% Ranked 27th.
Repeaters, primary, male > % of male enrollment	0.4% Ranked 100th.	2.88% Ranked 66th. 7 times more than Italy
Outcomes > Ratio of young literate females to males > % ages 15-24	100% Ranked 53th.	100.08% Ranked 26th. The same as Italy
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 80-84	738,929 Ranked 1st. 60% more than Spain	462,629 Ranked 2nd.
Expected duration of education for females	15.9 years Ranked 22nd.	17.9 years Ranked 10th. 13% more than Italy
Literacy > Illiterates > Aged 35-39 per thousand people	0.406 Ranked 20th.	0.629 Ranked 18th. 55% more than Italy
Proportion of 18 year olds in tertiary education	0.0 Ranked 29th.	27% Ranked 6th.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning religion	3	x
School enrollment, secondary, female > % gross	99.96% Ranked 32nd.	129.26% Ranked 1st. 29% more than Italy
School enrollment, secondary, male > % net	91.38% Ranked 19th.	94.25% Ranked 10th. 3% more than Italy
Repeaters, secondary, female > % of female enrollment	3.19% Ranked 54th.	10.12% Ranked 23th. 3 times more than Italy
Secondary education, teachers, female	303,771 Ranked 7th. 89% more than Spain	160,719 Ranked 11th.
Share of vocational tertiary qualifications awarded to females > First degree	64% awarded to females Ranked 11th. 23% more than Spain	52% awarded to females Ranked 21st.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > Advanced research degree	53% Ranked 2nd. 20% more than Spain	44% Ranked 8th.
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 10-14	1.44 million Ranked 5th. 35% more than Spain	1.06 million Ranked 8th.
Literacy > Male literates > Aged 60-64 per thousand people	28.65 Ranked 1st. 36% more than Spain	21.12 Ranked 9th.
Literacy > Female literates > Aged 30-34 per thousand people	39.53 Ranked 4th.	40.48 Ranked 3rd. 2% more than Italy
School enrollment, tertiary, male > % gross	52.84% Ranked 31st.	74.37% Ranked 4th. 41% more than Italy
Literacy > Literates > Aged 10-14	2.8 million Ranked 5th. 35% more than Spain	2.07 million Ranked 8th.

SOURCES: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; UNESCO; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeschooling_international_status_and_statistics; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Development Indicators database; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; World Health Organization. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's Statistical Yearbook, and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics online database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute of Statistics; Wikipedia: List of countries by student performance (Reading); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; OECD; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members (Table of World Organization of the Scout Movement members); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source tables . Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; Number of females older than 10 years, who are literate.. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2001); United Nations Statistics Division. Population table by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Population table by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; The Times, 2005; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. 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World Organization of the Scout Movement. August 2013.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Source tables . Population by literacy, age, sex and urban/rural residence; Wikipedia: List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members (Table of World Organization of the Scout Movement members) ("WOSM MEMBERSHIP as at 31st December 2012" . World Organization of the Scout Movement . Retrieved 2014-03-03 .). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. 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