Compare key data on Bulgaria & Romania

Definitions

Cost of living > Average monthly disposable salary > After tax: Average Monthly Disposable Salary (After Tax). Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Average Monthly Disposable Salary (After Tax)". Prices in current USD.
Crime > Crime levels: Level of crime. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How serious you feel the level of crime is?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Crime > Murder rate: Homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants in various countries.
Crime > Rape rate: Number of rape incidents per 100,000 citizens in different countries. Figures do not take into account rape incidents that go unreported to the police.
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Economy > GDP: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
Economy > GDP per capita: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Economy > Gross National Income: GNI, Atlas method (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and prop).
Economy > Population below poverty line: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations.
Geography > Land area > Square miles: Country land area.
Government > Government type: A description of the basic form of government (e.g., republic, constitutional monarchy, federal republic, parliamentary democracy, military dictatorship).
Government > Legal system: A brief description of the legal system's historical roots, role in government, and acceptance of International Court of Justice (ICJ) jurisdiction.
Health > Physicians > Per 1,000 people: Physicians are defined as graduates of any facility or school of medicine who are working in the country in any medical field (practice, teaching, research).
People > Population: Population, total refers to the total population.
Military > Air force > Combat aircraft: Number of fighter aircrafts (fixed wing aircrafts with combat capability).
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14: Percentage of total population aged 0-14.
Health > Births and maternity > Total fertility rate: Total fertility rate.
Geography > Area > Comparative: The area of various small countries expressed in comparison to various areas within the United States of America.
Crime > Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents: Number of privately owned small firearms per 100 residents.
Economy > Budget surplus > + or deficit > -: This entry records the difference between national government revenues and expenditures, expressed as a percent of GDP. A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit). Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money. Countries with high budget deficits (relative to their GDPs) generally have more difficulty raising funds to finance expenditures, than those with lower deficits.
Geography > Climate: A brief description of typical weather regimes throughout the year.
Crime > Suicide rates > Suicide rate (both sexes): Suicides per 100’000 residents per year.
Crime > Violent crime > Rapes per million people: The number of recorded rapes. Large numbers of rapes go unreported. South Africa is estimated to have 500,000 rapes per year, Egypt 200,000, China 32,000 and the UK with 85,000 rapes per year. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Geography > Area > Land: Total land area in square kilometres
Government > Legislative branch: This entry contains information on the structure (unicameral, bicameral, tricameral), formal name, number of seats, and term of office. Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election. Election results includes the percent of vote and/or number of seats held by each party in the last election.
Geography > Geographic coordinates: This entry includes rounded latitude and longitude figures for the purpose of finding the approximate geographic center of an entity and is based on the Gazetteer of Conventional Names, Third Edition, August 1988, US Board on Geographic Names and on other sources.
Religion > Religions: This entry includes a rank ordering of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population.
Cost of living > Local purchasing power: Local Purchasing Power shows relative purchasing power in buying goods and services in a given city for the average wage in that city. If domestic purchasing power is 40, this means that the inhabitants of that city with the average salary can afford to buy 60% less typical goods and services than New York City residents with an average salary.
People > Population > Population growth, past and future: Population growth rate (percentage).
Military > Army > Main battle tanks: Number of main battle tanks.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Cigarettes > Pack of Marlboro: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of a Pack of Cigarettes (Marlboro). Prices in current USD.
Environment > Marine fish catch: Total marine fish catch
Units: Metric Tons
Economy > Unemployment rate: This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
People > Ethnic groups: This entry provides a rank ordering of ethnic groups starting with the largest and normally includes the percent of total population.
Government > Suffrage: The age at enfranchisement and whether the right to vote is universal or restricted
Geography > Area > Total: Total area in square kilometers
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 15-24.
Government > Constitution: The dates of adoption, revisions, and major amendments to a nation's constitution
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares: Arable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Crime > Total crimes: Note: Crime statistics are often better indicators of prevalence of law enforcement and willingness to report crime, than actual prevalence.
Crime > Drugs > Annual cannabis use: Estimate of percentage of 15-64 year old population who use Cannabis.
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage: Minimum wage.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Crime > Violent crime > Rapes: The number of recorded rapes. Large numbers of rapes go unreported. South Africa is estimated to have 500,000 rapes per year, Egypt 200,000, China 32,000 and the UK with 85,000 rapes per year.
Government > Judicial branch: The name(s) of the highest court(s) and a brief description of the selection process for members.
Education > Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
Transport > Road > Motor vehicles per 1000 people: Motor vehicles per 1000 people.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Geography > Land area > Sq. km: Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes."
People > Birth rate: The average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population.
Crime > Drugs > Opiates use: Annual prevalence.
Crime > Assault rate: Number of assaults recorded by police per 100,000 population
Crime > Total crimes per 1000: Note: Crime statistics are often better indicators of prevalence of law enforcement and willingness to report crime, than actual prevalence. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
People > Population growth: Percentage by which country's population either has increased or is estimated to increase. Countries with a decrease in population are signified by a negative percentage. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
Economy > Budget > Revenues: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
People > Age distribution > Median age: The median age of the country's residents. This is the age most people are in the country.
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year.
Industry > Manufacturing output: Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars."
Crime > Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year): Year of last use.
Government > Political parties and leaders: Significant political organizations and their leaders.
Energy > Commercial energy use: Commercial energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita). Commercial energy use refers to apparent consumption, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.
Economy > Economy > Overview: This entry briefly describes the type of economy, including the degree of market orientation, the level of economic development, the most important natural resources, and the unique areas of specialization. It also characterizes major economic events and policy changes in the most recent 12 months and may include a statement about one or two key future macroeconomic trends.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Economy > Exports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
Government > Executive branch > Cabinet: Cabinet includes the official name for any body of high-ranking advisers roughly comparable to a U.S. Cabinet. Also notes the method for selection of members.
Health > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people: Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces per thousand people: Total number of divorces in given year by country. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Education > Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
People > Gender > Female population: Total female population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14 > Total: Number of people aged 0-14.
Education > Homeschooling legal status: Legal status of homeschooling.
Military > Budget: Annual defense budget in billion USD.
Economy > GDP > Per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Agriculture > Rural population: Total population living in rural areas. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
People > Mother's mean age at first birth: This entry provides the mean (average) age of mothers at the birth of their first child. It is a useful indicator for gauging the success of family planning programs aiming to reduce maternal mortality, increase contraceptive use – particularly among married and unmarried adolescents, delay age at first marriage, and improve the health of newborns.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption > Per capita: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
People > Death rate: The average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate. The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on population growth. This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining fertility results in an aging population.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Water > 1.5 litre bottle: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of a bottle of water (1.5 liter). Prices in current USD.
Environment > Ecological footprint: Ecological footprint per capita
Units: Hectares per Person
Geography > Average rainfall in depth > Mm per year: Average rainfall is the long-term average in depth (over space and time) of annual precipitation in the country. Precipitation is defined as any kind of water that falls from clouds as a liquid or a solid.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Loaf of bread > Fresh, white: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of a Loaf of Fresh White Bread (500g). Prices in current USD.
Government > Political pressure groups and leaders: Organizations with leaders involved in politics, but not standing for legislative election.
Geography > Natural resources: A country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance.
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$ per capita: Manufacturing, value added (current US$). Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Crime > Burglaries: Number of burglaries recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
Crime > Rapes > Per capita: Number of sexual assaults recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
People > Age distribution > Total dependency ratio: Percentage of dependant persons out of total population aged 15-64. A dependant person is a person aged 0-14 and those over 65 years old.
Crime > Murders > Per capita: Number of convictions for intentional homicides in the given year. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Health > Probability of not reaching 60: Probability at birth of not reaching the age of 40.
Education > Adult literacy rate > Total: Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life."
Geography > Surface area > Sq. km: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways.
People > Population growth rate: The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring countries.
Geography > Area > Land > Per capita: Total land area in square kilometres Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Telephones > Mobile cellular > Per capita: The total number of mobile cellular telephones in use. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Agriculture > Agricultural land > Sq. km: Agricultural land (sq. km). Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.
Education > Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, total > Years: Life expectancy at birth, total (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Crime > Robberies: Number of robberies recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
Media > Internet > Internet users per thousand people: Internet users. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Energy > Electric power consumption > KWh per capita: Electric power consumption (kWh per capita). Electric power consumption measures the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants less transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants.
Cost of living > Basic utilities > Garbage, water, heating, electricity for 85 sqm apartment: Basic (Electricity, Heating, Water, Garbage) for 85m2 Apartment. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Basic (Electricity, Heating, Water, Garbage) for 85m2 Apartment". Prices in current USD.
Crime > Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years: Crime increasing in the past 3 years. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "In the past three years would you say the level of crime in your community has increased, stayed about the same, or decreased?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Military > Personnel > Per capita: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Military > War deaths: Battle-related deaths are deaths in battle-related conflicts between warring parties in the conflict dyad (two conflict units that are parties to a conflict). Typically, battle-related deaths occur in warfare involving the armed forces of the warring parties. This includes traditional battlefield fighting, guerrilla activities, and all kinds of bombardments of military units, cities, and villages, etc. The targets are usually the military itself and its installations or state institutions and state representatives, but there is often substantial collateral damage in the form of civilians being killed in crossfire, in indiscriminate bombings, etc. All deaths--military as well as civilian--incurred in such situations, are counted as battle-related deaths."
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per capita: Arable land (hectares per person). Arable land (hectares per person) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Agriculture > Agricultural growth: Index of agricultural production in 1996 - 98 (1989 - 91 = 100)
Crime > Fear of crime > Violent hate crime: Worries being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Debt > Government debt > Public debt, share of GDP: Public debt as % of GDP (CIA).
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Economy > Public debt: This entry records the cumulatiive total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings.
Economy > Inflation rate > Consumer prices: This entry furnishes the annual percent change in consumer prices compared with the previous year's consumer prices.
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
Crime > Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night: Safety walking alone during night. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the night?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$: Manufacturing, value added (current US$). Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Crime > Kidnappings: Number of kidnappings recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
Language > Languages: A rank ordering of languages starting with the largest and sometimes includes the percent of total population speaking that language.
Transport > Road network length > Km: Length of road network in kilometers in European Union countries.
Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin, which shows where production takes place in an economy. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other private economic activities that do not produce material goods.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Total: Number of people aged 15-24.
Economy > Exports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Media > Personal computers > Per capita: Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be used by a single individual. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Geography > Average precipitation in depth > Mm per year: Average precipitation in depth (mm per year). Average precipitation is the long-term average in depth (over space and time) of annual precipitation in the country. Precipitation is defined as any kind of water that falls from clouds as a liquid or a solid.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Milk > 1 litre: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 liter of regular Milk. Prices in current USD.
Cost of living > Cinema ticket price > International release: Cinema, International Release, 1 Seat. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Cinema, International Release, 1 Seat". Prices in current USD.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 60 and older.
Cost of living > Clothing and shoe prices > Shoes > Pair of Nikes: 1 Pair of Nike Shoes. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "1 Pair of Nike Shoes". Prices in current USD.
Government > Administrative divisions: This entry generally gives the numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent index: Rent Index is estimation of prices of renting apartments in the city compared to New York City. If Rent index is 80, Numbeo estimates that price for renting in that city is 80% of price in New York.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64 > Total: Number of people aged 15-64.
Education > Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Health > Quality of health care system > Health care system index: Health Care Index is an estimation of the overall quality of the health care system, health care professionals, equipment, staff, doctors, cost, etc.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Total: Number of people aged 0-4.
People > Obesity > Adult obesity rate: This entry gives the percent of a country's population considered to be obese. Obesity is defined as an adult having a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater to or equal to 30.0. BMI is calculated by taking a person's weight in kg and dividing it by the person's squared height in meters.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Egg > Dozen: Average prize of a dozen eggs. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked about the prize of a dozen eggs. Prices in current USD.
Education > College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 3 bedroom apartment > City centre: Apartment (3 bedrooms) in City Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Apartment (3 bedrooms) in City Centre". Prices in current USD.
Economy > Distribution of family income > Gini index: This index measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country. The index is calculated from the Lorenz curve, in which cumulative family income is plotted against the number of families arranged from the poorest to the ric
Religion > Religions > All: This entry includes a rank ordering of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population.
Cost of living > Transport prices > New car > Volkswagen Golf 1.4 or similar: Volkswagen Golf 1.4 90 KW Trendline (Or Equivalent New Car). Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Volkswagen Golf 1.4 90 KW Trendline (Or Equivalent New Car)". Prices in current USD.
Education > Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
Military > Global Peace Index: The Global Peace Index is comprised of 22 indicators in the three categories ongoing domestic or international conflicts; societal safety; and security and militarization. A low index value indicates a peaceful and safe country.
Education > Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
Military > Navy > Corvette warships: Number of corvettes.
Energy > Electric power consumption > KWh: Electric power consumption (kWh). Electric power consumption measures the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants less transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants.
Media > Televisions per 1000: The total number of televisions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Health > Births and maternity > Future births: Mid-range estimate for country's population increase due to births from five years prior to the given year. For example, from 2095 to 2100, India's population is expected to rise by 16,181 people due to births. Estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Energy > Oil > Consumption > Per capita: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59: Percentage of total pouplation aged 15-59.
Education > Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
Agriculture > Cereal yield > Kg per hectare: Cereal yield, measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded."
People > Population in 2015: (Thousands) Medium-variant projections.
Health > Births and maternity > Average age of mother at childbirth: Average age of mother at first childbirth.
Geography > Terrain: A brief description of the topography
Education > High school enrolment rate: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Health > Life expectancy at birth > Total population: The average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
Transport > Road > Motorway length: Total network length of all motorways in km.
Crime > Murders > Per 100,000 people: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
Military > Paramilitary personnel: Paramilitary.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Military > Service age and obligation: This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of sevice obligation.
Geography > Location: The country's regional location, neighboring countries, and adjacent bodies of water.
Health > Quality of health care system > Cost: Cost to you. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Argentina, Austria and 69 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Germany and 7 more countries and over 100 contributions for Canada, India, United Kingdom and 1 more country. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from October, 2010 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Cost to you". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
People > Urban and rural > Population living in cities proper: Each city population by sex, city and city type.
Lifestyle > Quality of life index: Quality of Life Index is an estimation of overall quality of life by using empirical formula (the formula is an our opinion and it's based on experiments). The actual formula might be changed. Currently, we put the highest weight to pollution - if the environment is polluted too much, the economy or safety cannot fulfill it. We put the second highest importance to safety, since it is more important to feel safe rather than wealthy, in our opinion. etc. The number 65 is added so that the numbers are in such range so it rarely goes under zero (65 is a range modifier).
Education > Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation: Component parts of the labor force by occupation.
Economy > Human Development Index: The human development index values in this table were calculated using a consistent methodology and consistent data series. They are not strictly comparable with those in earlier Human Development Reports.
Labor > Unemployment rate: The percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
Education > Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
People > Death rate, crude > Per 1,000 people: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people). Crude death rate indicates the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Air pollution: Air Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the quality of air in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Tourist arrivals > Per capita: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival." Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Households with television: Households with television are the share of households with a television set. Some countries report only the number of households with a color television set, and therefore the true number may be higher than reported.
Health > Birth rate > Crude > Per 1,000 people: Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the population growth rate in the absence of migration.
Conflict > Terrorism > Global Terrorism Index: Score on Global Terrorism Index. A high value indicates that a country is affected by many terrorist incidents with a strong impact in terms of fatalities, injuries and damaged property.
Culture > Happy Planet Index: The Happy Planet Index (HPI) is calculated from three components: Perceived well-being, life expectancy and ecological footprint. A higher value indicates a happier population.
Government > Executive branch > Head of government: Head of government includes the name and title of the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government. For example, in the UK, the monarch is the chief of state, and the prime minister is the head of government. In the US, the president is both the chief of state and the head of government.
Geography > Coastline: The total length of the boundary between the land area (including islands) and the sea.
Labor > Labor force: The total labor force figure
Environment > Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
Energy > Oil > Consumption: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, female > Years: Life expectancy at birth, female (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Education > College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
Health > Life expectancy > Men: Life expectancy for men.
Military > Navy > Submarines: Number of patrol boats (includes minesweepers).
Media > Television > List of TV stations: List of TV stations.
Energy > Oil > Production > Per capita: This entry is the total oil produced in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
People > Total fertility rate: The average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their child-bearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. The total fertility rate is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential for population growth in the country. High rates will also place some limits on the labor force participation rates for women. Large numbers of children born to women indicate large family sizes that might limit the ability of the families to feed and educate their children.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, male > Years: Life expectancy at birth, male (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 65 and older.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Rice > White, 1kg: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 kg of White Rice. Prices in current USD.
Media > Television receivers > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Government > Executive branch > Chief of state: The name and title of any person or role roughly equivalent to a U.S. Chief of State. This means the titular leader of the country who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions but may not be involved with the day-to-day activities of the government
Government > Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
Media > Telecoms > Mobile cellular subscriptions > Per 100 people: Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people). Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions are subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology, which provide access to the public switched telephone network. Post-paid and prepaid subscriptions are included.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller.
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Hourly minimum wage: Hourly minimum wage at international USD (this means that discrepancies in purchasing power have been compensated for).
Government > Capital city > Name: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Culture > Sexuality > Homosexuality > Legality of homosexual acts: Same-sex sexual activity.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Environment > Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.
Government > International organization participation: This entry lists in alphabetical order by abbreviation those international organizations in which the subject country is a member or participates in some other way.
People > Age dependency ratio > Dependents to working-age population: Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents--people younger than 15 or older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. For example, 0.7 means there are 7 dependents for every 10 working-age people.
Crime > Prisoners: Total persons incarcerated
Weather > Temperature > Highest temperature ever recorded: Temperature.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Media > Internet > Users per 1000: This entry gives the number of users within a country that access the Internet. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Crime > Assaults: Number of assaults recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
Religion > Major religion(s): Country major religions.
Health > Probability of reaching 65 > Male: Probability at birth of reaching the age of 65.
Cost of living > Internet > Broadband 6Mpbs, uncapped data: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked abot the price of an Internet connection (6 Mbps, Unlimited Data, Cable/ADSL)". Prices in current USD.
Geography > Area > Water: Total water area in square kilometers
People > Age structure > 0-14 years: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Military > Military service age and obligation: This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of service obligation.
Transport > Airports: Total number of airports. Runways must be useable, but may be unpaved. May not have facilities for refuelling, maintenance, or air traffic control.
Military > Navy > Aircraft carriers: Number of aircraft carriers.
Geography > Area > Comparative to US places: This entry provides an area comparison based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states based on area measurements (1990 revised) provided by the US Bureau of the Census. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 sq km, 69 sq mi) or The Mall in Washington, DC (0.59 sq km, 0.23 sq mi, 146 acres).
Crime > Punishment > Maximum length of sentence: Maximum length of sentence (under life).
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Language > Major language(s): Country major languages.
Economy > Currency > PPP conversion factor to official exchange rate ratio: Purchasing power parity conversion factor is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amount of goods and services in the domestic market as a U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar). The ratio of the PPP conversion factor to the official exchange rate (also referred to as the national price level) makes it possible to compare the cost of the bundle of goods that make up gross domestic product (GDP) across countries. It tells how many dollars are needed to buy a dollar's worth of goods in the country as compared to the United States.
People > Gender > Male population: Total male population.
Energy > Electricity production > KWh: Electricity production (kWh). Electricity production is measured at the terminals of all alternator sets in a station. In addition to hydropower, coal, oil, gas, and nuclear power generation, it covers generation by geothermal, solar, wind, and tide and wave energy, as well as that from combustible renewables and waste. Production includes the output of electricity plants that are designed to produce electricity only as well as that of combined heat and power plants.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Total: Number of people aged 60 and older.
Religion > Christian > Orthodox > Orthodox population: Population by religion, sex and urban/rural residence.
Media > News Agencies > List of news agencies: List of news agencies.
Industry > Gross value added by construction: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Apartment purchase price per sqm > City centre: Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment in City Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment in City Centre". Prices in current USD.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64: Percentage of total population aged 15-64.
Economy > Fiscal year: The beginning and ending months for a country's accounting period of 12 months, which often is the calendar year but which may begin in any month. All yearly references are for the calendar year (CY) unless indicated as a noncalendar fiscal year (FY).
Background > Overview: A geopolitical overview of every sovereign country in the world, briefly examining their recent history and place on the global stage. The texts are taken from the BBC News website.
Crime > Auto theft: Number of motor vehicle thefts (car thefts) recorded by police in that country per 100,000 population.
Energy > Energy use > Kg of oil equivalent per capita: Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita). Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.
People > Age structure > 65 years and over: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest."
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Industry: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods produced by the industrial sector within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
Crime > Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery: Problem violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Geography > Population density > People per sq. km: Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.
Labor > Hours worked > Standard workweek: Standard workweek (hours).
Media > Internet > Fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 1000: Fixed broadband Internet subscribers. Fixed broadband Internet subscribers are the number of broadband subscribers with a digital subscriber line, cable modem, or other high-speed technology. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Economy > Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$, period average: Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average). Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).
Crime > Murders > WHO: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
Industry > Patent applications > Residents > Per capita: Patent applications are applications filed with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Agriculture > Agriculture, value added > Current US$: Agriculture, value added (current US$), including forestry, hunting, and fishing, as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources.
People > Nationality > Noun: The noun which identifies citizens of the nation
Health > Diseases > Cancer > Cancer death rate (per 100,000 population): The number of people that will die from cancer out of 100,000 people the same age. The number is not an accurate telling of the country's cancer rate, but rather how fatal cancer is in each country.
Economy > Inequality > GINI index: Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality."
Agriculture > Cultivable land > Hectares: Cultivable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture Organisation as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded."
Media > Radio > List of radio stations: List of radio stations.
Culture > Food and drink > Beer consumption: Total national beer consumption (litres).
Crime > Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day: Safety walking alone during daylight. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the daylight?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Imports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Transport > Waterways: The total length and individual names of navigable rivers, canals, and other inland bodies of water.
Economy > Gross National Income per capita: GNI, Atlas method (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and prop). Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Military > Armed forces personnel: Total armed forces (2000)
Education > Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Industry: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Labor > Labor force, total: Labor force, total. Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.
Agriculture > Farm workers: Agricultural employment shows the number of agricultural workers in the agricultural sector.
Crime > Serious assault rate: Number of major assaults recorded by police per 100,000 population
Economy > Tax > Highest marginal tax rate > Individual rate: Highest marginal tax rate (individual rate) is the highest rate shown on the schedule of tax rates applied to the taxable income of individuals.
Health > Infant mortality rate > Total: This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
Cost of living > Clothing and shoe prices > Jeans > 1 pair of Levi 501s or equivalent: 1 Pair of Jeans (Levis 501 Or Similar). Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "1 Pair of Jeans (Levis 501 Or Similar)". Prices in current USD.
People > Age distribution > Elderly dependency ratio: Percentage of dependant adults out of total population aged 15-64. A dependant adult is an adult aged 65 and older.
Energy > Electrical outages > Days: Electrical outages are the average number of days per year that establishments experience power outages or surges from the public grid.
Transport > Commute > Distance: Distance. Based on 0-50 contributions for Argentina, Armenia, Austria and 63 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Germany and 5 more countries and over 100 contributions for Canada, India, and United States. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Distance".
Geography > Elevation extremes > Highest point: Highest point above sea level
Economy > Technology index: The technology index denotes the country's technological readiness. This index is created with such indicators as companies spending on R&D, the creativity of its scientific community, personal computer and internet penetration rates.
Agriculture > Agricultural growth per capita: Net per capita agricultural production, expressed in International Dollars. Net means after deduction of feed and seed. International Dollars are calculated using the Geary-Khamis formula, which is designed to neutralize irrelevant exchange rate movements (more information on http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/mes/glossary/*/E)
Transport > Road > Expressway length: Expressway length (km).
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Transport > Motor vehicles: Motor vehicles per 1,000 people
Military > Military expenditures: This entry gives spending on defense programs for the most recent year available as a percent of gross domestic product (GDP); the GDP is calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). For countries with no military forces, this figure can include expenditures on public security and police.
Agriculture > Products: Major agricultural crops and products
Cost of living > Consumer price index > Plus rent: Consumer Price Plus Rent Index is an estimation of consumer goods prices including rent in the city comparing to New York City. If a city has a an index of 120, it means Numbeo estimates it is 20% more expensive than New York (excluding rent).
Media > Internet > Internet users > Per 100 people: Internet users (per 100 people). Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network.
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > McDonalds meal: Combo Meal at McDonalds or Similar. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Combo Meal at McDonalds or Similar". Prices in current USD.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Water pollution: Water Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you concerned with the water pollution in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Development > Human Development Index: Human Development Index trends, 1980-2012.
Economy > Population below poverty line > Per capita: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Education > Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 0-4.
People > Physicians density: This entry gives the number of medical doctors (physicians), including generalist and specialist medical practitioners, per 1,000 of the population. Medical doctors are defined as doctors that study, diagnose, treat, and prevent illness, disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans through the application of modern medicine. They also plan, supervise, and evaluate care and treatment plans by other health care providers. The World Health Organization estimates that fewer than 2.3 health workers (physicians, nurses, and midwives only) per 1,000 would be insufficient to achieve coverage of primary healthcare needs.
Crime > Drugs > Lifetime cannabis use: Adult lifetime cannabis use.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Chicken breasts > Skinless, boneless: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 kg of Chicken Breasts (Boneless, Skinless). Prices in current USD.
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per 1000: Arable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Military > Military branches: This entry lists the service branches subordinate to defense ministries or the equivalent (typically ground, naval, air, and marine forces).
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces: Total number of divorces in given year by country.
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP per thousand people: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Energy > Electricity > Installed generating capacity per thousand people: This entry is the total capacity of currently installed generators, expressed in kilowatts (kW), to produce electricity. A 10-kilowatt (kW) generator will produce 10 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity, if it runs continuously for one hour. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Total: Number of people 65 years old and older.
Education > College and university > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
Economy > Exports > Commodities: This entry provides a listing of the highest-valued exported products; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
Military > Active military personnel: Active military personnel.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption per capita: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Energy > Gasoline > Pump price for gasoline > US$ per liter: Pump price for gasoline (US$ per liter). Fuel prices refer to the pump prices of the most widely sold grade of gasoline. Prices have been converted from the local currency to U.S. dollars.
Agriculture > Produce > Crop > Production index: Crop production index shows agricultural production for each year relative to the base period 1999-2001. It includes all crops except fodder crops. Regional and income group aggregates for the FAO's production indexes are calculated from the underlying values in international dollars, normalized to the base period 1999-2001.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59 > Total: Number of people aged 15-59.
Industry > Gross value added by manufacturing: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars.
Crime > Prisoners > Per capita: Data for 2003. Number of prisoners held per 100,000 population.
Crime > Punishment > Crimes possibly attracting life sentence: Possible other sentence.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Groceries index: Groceries Index is an estimation of grocery prices in a given location compared to New York City. To calculate this section, Numbeo uses the "Markets" section of each city.
Geography > Total area > Sq. km: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways."
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Religion > Seventh-day Adventist Membership: This entry lists Seventh-day Adventist membership worldwide as of 2004. Membership is defined as baptised and active.
Economy > Poverty and inequality > Richest quintile to poorest quintile ratio: The ratio of average income of the richest 20% of the population to the average income of the poorest 20% of the population.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 1 bedroom apartment > City centre: Apartment (1 bedroom) in City Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Apartment (1 bedroom) in City Centre". Prices in current USD.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Apple > 1kg: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 kg of apples. Prices in current USD.
Energy > Electricity > Production: The annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
Government > Country name > Conventional long form: This entry is derived from Government > Country name, which includes all forms of the country's name approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example): conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form (Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form (Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation. Also see the Terminology note.
Crime > Murders: Number of convictions for intentional homicides in the given year.
Media > Personal computers per 1000: Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be used by a single individual. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Transport > Highways > Total > Per capita: total length of the highway system Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Total: Number of people aged 80 years and older.
Transport > Vehicles > Per km of road: Vehicles per kilometer of road include cars, buses, and freight vehicles but do not include two-wheelers. Roads refer to motorways, highways, main or national roads, secondary or regional roads, and other roads. A motorway is a road specially designed and built for motor traffic that separates the traffic flowing in opposite directions."
People > Cities > Urban population: Total population living in urban areas. The defition of an urban area differs for each country. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Geography > Land use > Arable land: The percentage of used land that is arable. Arable land is land cultivated for crops that are replanted after each harvest like wheat, maize, and rice
Industry > CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction contains the emissions from combustion of fuels in industry. The IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 2 includes these emissions. However, in the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the IPCC category also includes emissions from industry autoproducers that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers). Manufacturing industries and construction also includes emissions from coke inputs into blast furnaces, which may be reported either in the transformation sector, the industry sector or the separate IPCC Source/Sink Category 2, Industrial Processes.
Transport > Motor vehicles > Per 1,000 people: Motor vehicles include cars, buses, and freight vehicles but do not include two-wheelers. Population refers to midyear population in the year for which data are available."
Industry > Manufacturing growth: Annual growth rate for manufacturing value added based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3."
Government > Civil law system: Description.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Crime > Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked: Worries attacked. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being physically attacked by strangers?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Services: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
People > Abortion > Abortion rate: Abortions per 1000 women.
Culture > World Heritage Sites: Cultural sites.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Geography > Land boundaries > Border countries: Length of land boundaries by border country
Transport > Passenger cars > Per 1,000 people: Passenger cars refer to road motor vehicles, other than two-wheelers, intended for the carriage of passengers and designed to seat no more than nine people (including the driver)."
Economy > Imports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
People > Nationality > Adjective: This entry is derived from People > Nationality, which provides the identifying terms for citizens - noun and adjective.
Agriculture > Produce > Food > Production index: Food production index covers food crops that are considered edible and that contain nutrients. Coffee and tea are excluded because, although edible, they have no nutritive value.
Media > Radio broadcast stations: The total number of AM, FM, and shortwave broadcast stations.
Health > Deaths > Percent deaths registered: Civil registration coverage of deaths (%).
People > Sex ratio > Total population: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 5-14 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 5-14.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Air quality: Air quality. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the quality of air in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Health > Fertility rate > Total > Births per woman: Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-specific fertility rates.
Industry > Growth: Annual growth rate for industrial value added based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3."
Lifestyle > Happiness level > Very happy: Proportion of people who answered the survey question: "Taking all things together, would you say you are: very happy, quite happy, not very happy, or not at all happy?" by stating that they were "Very happy".
Crime > Suicide rates > Suicide rate (males): Male.
Sports > Chess > GrandMasters: Number of GrandMaster chess champions, by country. A GrandMaster is the highest level of recognition in chess.
Government > Executive branch > Elections: Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election
Crime > Software piracy rate: The piracy rate is the total number of units of pirated software deployed in 2007 divided by the total units of software installed.
Health > Infant mortality rate: The number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country
Religion > Christian > Mormon > Congregations: Total Congregations.
Military > Expenditures > Percent of GDP: Current military expenditures as an estimated percent of gross domestic product (GDP).
Economy > Budget > Expenditures: Expenditures calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
People > Sex ratio > At birth: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
Environment > Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
Health > HIV AIDS > People living with HIV AIDS > Per capita: An estimate of all people (adults and children) alive at yearend with HIV infection, whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Energy > Crude oil > Production: This entry is the total amount of crude oil produced, in barrels per day (bbl/day).
Lifestyle > Happiness net: This statistic is compiled from responses to the survey question: "Taking all things together, would you say you are: very happy, quite happy, not very happy, or not at all happy?". The "Happiness (net)" statistic was obtained via the following formula: the percentage of people who rated themselves as either "quite happy" or "very happy" minus the percentage of people who rated themselves as either "not very happy" or "not at all happy".
Economy > GINI index: Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.
Media > Daily newspapers > Per 1,000 people: Daily newspapers refer to those published at least four times a week and calculated as average circulation (or copies printed) per 1,000 people."
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > Restaurant index: Restaurants Index is a comparison of prices of meals and drinks in restaurants and bars compared to NYC.
Economy > Reserves of foreign exchange and gold per capita: This entry gives the dollar value for the stock of all financial assets that are available to the central monetary authority for use in meeting a country's balance of payments needs as of the end-date of the period specified. This category includes not only foreign currency and gold, but also a country's holdings of Special Drawing Rights in the International Monetary Fund, and its reserve position in the Fund. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Economy > Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU: Net foreign assets (current LCU). Net foreign assets are the sum of foreign assets held by monetary authorities and deposit money banks, less their foreign liabilities. Data are in current local currency.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages: Marriages by urban/rural residence.
Economy > Tourist arrivals: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival."
Crime > Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft: Problem property crimes such as vandalism and theft. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) property crimes such as vandalism and theft?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Budget > Revenues > Per capita: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Transport > Rail > Railway length: Railway length in kilometers.
Government > Leaders > Prime minister: Government > Leaders > Prime minister
Environment > Transport CO2 emission index: CO2 Emission Index is an estimation of CO2 consumption due to traffic time. Measurement unit is grams for the return trip. To calculate an average estimation of emission in grams for one way commute to work, divide this value with 2.
Cost of living > Sports > Tennis court hire > 1 hour, weekend: Tennis Court Rent (1 Hour on Weekend). Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Tennis Court Rent (1 Hour on Weekend)". Prices in current USD.
Industry > Industry, value added > Current US$: Industry, value added (current US$). Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Apartment purchase price per sqm > Outside city centre: Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment Outside of Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment Outside of Centre". Prices in current USD.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Potatoes > 1kg: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 kg of potatoes. Prices in current USD.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 80 and older.
Education > Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
Economy > Inbound tourism income > Current US$: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Environment > CO2 Emissions per 1000: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Media > Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers > Per 1,000 people: Fixed lines are telephone mainlines connecting a customer's equipment to the public switched telephone network. Mobile phone subscribers refer to users of portable telephones subscribing to an automatic public mobile telephone service using cellular technology that provides access to the public switched telephone network.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption by households per capita: . Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Economy > Tax > Tax rates: Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here."
Government > National symbol(s): A national symbol is a faunal, floral, or other abstract representation - or some distinctive object - that over time has come to be closely identified with a country or entity. Not all countries have national symbols; a few countries have more than one.
Industry > Gross value added by construction per capita: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Religion > Muslim > Muslim percentage of total population: Muslim percentage (%) of total population 2014 Pew Report.
Geography > Irrigated land: The number of square kilometers of land area that is artificially supplied with water.
Transport > Gross value added by transport, storage and communication: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars.
Labor > GNI > Current US$: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Military > Armed forces personnel > Total: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organisation, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces."
Media > Internet > Users > Per capita: This entry gives the number of users within a country that access the Internet. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Economy > GDP per person: GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Education > Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Energy > Electricity production from renewable sources > KWh: Electricity production from renewable sources (kWh). Electricity production from renewable sources includes hydropower, geothermal, solar, tides, wind, biomass, and biofuels.
Education > Duration of compulsory education: Duration of compulsory education is the number of grades (or years) that a child must legally be enrolled in school.
Religion > Islam > Percentage Muslim: Percent of Muslims in each country.
Health > Births and maternity > Infant mortality rate: How many infants, out of 1000, who will die before attaining one year of age.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Drinking water pollution: Drinking Water Pollution and Inaccessibility. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How do you find quality and the accessibility of drinking water?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
People > Marriage rate: Number of marriages per 1,000 people per year
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > 3 course meal for 2: Meal for 2, Mid-range Restaurant, Three-course. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Meal for 2, Mid-range Restaurant, Three-course". Prices in current USD.
Culture > Smoking > Cigarettes per adult per year: This list compares the average annual consumption of cigarettes per adult in countries around the world. Ten european countries top the list, all located at the East of the continent, with the exception of Greece. Developed asian countries like China, South Korea and Japan also register high cigarette consumption, while Africa hosts the countries with less consumption.
Environment > Proportion of land area under protection: Terrestrial areas protected to total surface area, percentage.
Media > Telecoms > Telephone lines per 1000: Telephone lines. Telephone lines are fixed telephone lines that connect a subscriber's terminal equipment to the public switched telephone network and that have a port on a telephone exchange. Integrated services digital network channels ands fixed wireless subscribers are included. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Health > Life expectancy > Women: Life expectancy for women.
Economy > Exports > Main exports: Country main exports.
Geography > Natural hazards: Potential natural disasters.
Labor > Employment rate > Adults: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Government > Flag description: A written flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags.
Culture > Food and drink > Fast food > McDonalds > First outlet date: The date when the first McDonald's outlet opened in each country.
Economy > Budget > Revenues per capita: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Geography > Rural population density > Rural population per sq. km of arable land: Rural population density is the rural population divided by the arable land area. Rural population is calculated as the difference between the total population and the urban population. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Geography > Maritime claims > Territorial sea: territorial sea - the sovereignty of a coastal State extends beyond its land territory and internal waters to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea in the LOS Convention (Part II); this sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as its underlying seabed and subsoil; every State has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles. A full and definitive definition can be found in the Law of the Sea (LOS) Convention.
Labor > Expense > Current LCU: Expense (current LCU). Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Clean water: Water Quality. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you concerned with the water pollution in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Debt > External: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 1 bedroom apartment > Outside city centre: Apartment (1 bedroom) Outside of Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Apartment (1 bedroom) Outside of Centre". Prices in current USD.
Economy > Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita: Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Crime > Perceived problems > Illegal drugs: Problem people using or dealing drugs. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) people using or dealing drugs?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Media > Televisions: The total number of televisions
Agriculture > Agricultural machinery > Tractors > Per capita: Agricultural machinery refers to the number of wheel and crawler tractors (excluding garden tractors) in use in agriculture at the end of the calendar year specified or during the first quarter of the following year. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Education > Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
Media > Telephones > Main lines in use > Per capita: The total number of main telephone lines in use. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Crime > Suicide rates > Suicide rate (females: Female.
Education > College and university > Private school share: Percentage of post-secondary students who attend a private school, college, or university.
Education > School life expectancy > Total: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
Language > Linguistic diversity index: LDI.
Economy > Debt > External > Per capita: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Crime > Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery: Problem corruption and bribery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) corruption and bribery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages per thousand people: Marriages by urban/rural residence. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Services: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final services produced within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
Media > Internet users > Per 100 people: Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network.
Energy > Electricity > Production > Per capita: The annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Transport > Road > Motorway density: Meters of motorway per square kilometer.
Geography > Area > Land per 1000: Total land area in square kilometres. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.

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STAT	Bulgaria	Romania
Cost of living > Average monthly disposable salary > After tax	$506.76 Ranked 99th. 4% more than Romania	$487.08 Ranked 105th.
Crime > Crime levels	41.84 Ranked 52nd. 73% more than Romania	24.22 Ranked 76th.
Crime > Murder rate	2.3	2.3
Crime > Rape rate	2.8 Ranked 41st.	4.7 Ranked 41st. 68% more than Bulgaria
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate	147 Ranked 50th.	421 Ranked 51st. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate per million people	19.51 Ranked 57th.	19.6 Ranked 74th. About the same as Bulgaria
Economy > GDP	$51.03 billion Ranked 70th.	$169.40 billion Ranked 51st. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Economy > GDP per capita	$6,986.04 Ranked 72nd.	$7,942.83 Ranked 66th. 14% more than Bulgaria
Economy > Gross National Income	$13.24 billion Ranked 66th.	$38.62 billion Ranked 46th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Economy > Population below poverty line	21.8% Ranked 13th.	22.2% Ranked 18th. 2% more than Bulgaria
Geography > Land area > Square miles	42,855 square miles Ranked 43th.	148,129 square miles Ranked 23th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Government > Government type	parliamentary democracy	republic
Government > Legal system	civil law	civil law system
Health > Physicians > Per 1,000 people	3.56 per 1,000 people Ranked 10th. 87% more than Romania	1.9 per 1,000 people Ranked 39th.
People > Population	6.98 million Ranked 101st.	21.79 million Ranked 56th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Military > Air force > Combat aircraft	88 Ranked 4th. 83% more than Romania	48 Ranked 36th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14	15.84% Ranked 88th. 7% more than Romania	14.79% Ranked 137th.
Health > Births and maternity > Total fertility rate	1.92% Ranked 57th. 4% more than Romania	1.85% Ranked 117th.
Geography > Area > Comparative	slightly larger than Tennessee	slightly smaller than Oregon
Crime > Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents	6.2 Ranked 86th. 9 times more than Romania	0.7 Ranked 153th.
Economy > Budget surplus > + or deficit > -	-0.5% of GDP Ranked 45th.	-2.5% of GDP Ranked 82nd. 5 times more than Bulgaria
Geography > Climate	temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers	temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms
Crime > Suicide rates > Suicide rate (both sexes)	12.3 Ranked 2nd. 3% more than Romania	11.9 Ranked 4th.
Crime > Violent crime > Rapes per million people	28.01 Ranked 41st.	46.88 Ranked 41st. 67% more than Bulgaria
Geography > Area > Land	110,550 sq km Ranked 102nd.	230,340 sq km Ranked 80th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Government > Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly or Narodno Sabranie	bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat
Geography > Geographic coordinates	43 00 N, 25 00 E	46 00 N, 25 00 E
Religion > Religions	Bulgarian Orthodox 82.6%, Muslim 12.2%, other Christian 1.2%, other 4%	Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 86.8%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformate and Pentecostal) 7.5%, Roman Catholic 4.7%, other (mostly Muslim) and unspecified 0.9%, none 0.1%
Cost of living > Local purchasing power	36.55 Ranked 78th. 3% more than Romania	35.5 Ranked 82nd.
People > Population > Population growth, past and future	-0.323 Ranked 163th.	-0.437 Ranked 201st. 35% more than Bulgaria
Military > Army > Main battle tanks	80 Ranked 16th.	350 Ranked 23th. 4 times more than Bulgaria
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Cigarettes > Pack of Marlboro	$3.50 Ranked 62nd.	$4.10 Ranked 52nd. 17% more than Bulgaria
Environment > Marine fish catch	4,226 tons Ranked 93th. 73% more than Romania	2,438 tons Ranked 99th.
Economy > Unemployment rate	11.1% Ranked 36th. 98% more than Romania	5.6% Ranked 78th.
People > Ethnic groups	Bulgarian 76.9%, Turk 8%, Roma 4.4%, other 0.7% (including Macedonian, Armenian, Tatar, Circassian), other (unknown) 10%	Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4%
Government > Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Geography > Area > Total	110,879 sq km Ranked 106th.	238,391 sq km Ranked 84th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Percent	11.09% Ranked 85th. 6% more than Romania	10.5% Ranked 126th.
Government > Constitution	adopted 12 July 1991	several previous; latest adopted 21 November 1991, approved by referendum and effective 8 December 1991
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares	3.17 million hectares Ranked 27th.	9.29 million hectares Ranked 15th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Crime > Total crimes	148,915 Ranked 39th.	312,204 Ranked 30th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Crime > Drugs > Annual cannabis use	2.5% Ranked 18th. 6 times more than Romania	0.4% Ranked 26th.
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage	340 Bulgarian lev per month, 2.03 lev per hour.	850 RON Romanian lei per month, 5.059 Romanian lei per hour for a full-time schedule of 168 hours per month. ]
Crime > Violent crime > Rapes	211 Ranked 36th.	1,007 Ranked 25th. 5 times more than Bulgaria
Government > Judicial branch	independent judiciary comprised of judges, prosecutors and investigating magistrates who are appointed, promoted, demoted, and dismissed by a 25-member Supreme Judicial Council (consists of the chairmen of the two Supreme Courts, the Chief Prosecutor, and 22 members, half of whom are elected by the National Assembly and the other half by the bodies of the judiciary for a 5-year term in office); three levels of case review; 182 courts of which two Supreme Courts act as the last instance on civil and criminal cases (the Supreme Court of Cassation) and appeals of government decisions (the Supreme Administrative Court)	Supreme Court of Justice (comprised of 11 judges appointed for three-year terms by the president in consultation with the Superior Council of Magistrates, which is comprised of the minister of justice, the prosecutor general, two civil society representatives appointed by the Senate, and 14 judges and prosecutors elected by their peers); a separate body, the Constitutional Court, validates elections and makes decisions regarding the constitutionality of laws, treaties, ordinances, and internal rules of the Parliament; it is comprised of nine members serving nine-year terms, with three members each appointed by the president, the Senate, and the Chamber of Deputies
Education > Children out of school, primary	4,957 Ranked 82nd.	103,975 Ranked 34th. 21 times more than Bulgaria
Transport > Road > Motor vehicles per 1000 people	393 Ranked 42nd. 67% more than Romania	235 Ranked 63th.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita	$12,238.71 Ranked 68th. 4% more than Romania	$11,815.47 Ranked 72nd.
Geography > Land area > Sq. km	108,610 sq km Ranked 98th.	229,890 sq km Ranked 78th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
People > Birth rate	9.07 births/1,000 population Ranked 206th.	9.4 births/1,000 population Ranked 202nd. 4% more than Bulgaria
Crime > Drugs > Opiates use	0.5% Ranked 7th. 67% more than Romania	0.3% Ranked 4th.
Crime > Assault rate	47.6 Ranked 59th. 8% more than Romania	43.9 Ranked 61st.
Crime > Total crimes per 1000	18.93 Ranked 43th. 32% more than Romania	14.32 Ranked 45th.
People > Population growth	-0.323% Ranked 163th.	-0.437% Ranked 201st. 35% more than Bulgaria
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, primary	17.46 Ranked 74th. 1% more than Romania	17.37 Ranked 75th.
Economy > Budget > Revenues	$18.05 billion Ranked 71st.	$55.69 billion Ranked 52nd. 3 times more than Bulgaria
People > Age distribution > Median age	45.32 years Ranked 104th.	47.43 years Ranked 64th. 5% more than Bulgaria
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP	$14,100.00 Ranked 68th. 11% more than Romania	$12,700.00 Ranked 75th.
Industry > Manufacturing output	4.5 billion Ranked 65th.	20.17 billion Ranked 42nd. 4 times more than Bulgaria
Crime > Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year)	1,989 Ranked 10th. The same as Romania	1,989 Ranked 11th.
Government > Political parties and leaders	Attack (Ataka) [Volen Nikolov SIDEROV]<br />Blue Coalition [Ivan KOSTOV and Martin DIMITROV] (a parliamentary coalition of center-right parties dominated by UDF and DSB)<br />Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Sergei STANISHEV]<br />Bulgaria of the Citizens [Meglena KUNEVA]<br />Citizens for the European Development of Bulgaria or GERB [Boyko BORISOV]<br />Coalition for Bulgaria or CfB [Sergei STANISHEV] (coalition of parties dominated by BSP)<br />Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Ivan KOSTOV]<br />Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization or IMRO [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV]<br />Movement for Rights and Freedoms or MRF [Lyutvi MESTAN]<br />National Movement for Stability and Progress or NDSV [Hristina HRISTOVA] (formerly National Movement Simeon II or NMS2)<br />Order, Law, and Justice or RZS [Yane YANEV]<br />Union of Democratic Forces or UDF [Emil KABAIVANOV]<br />United People's Party or ENP [Maria CAPONE]	Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party or PNT-CD [Aurelian PAVELESCU]<br />Civic Force or FC [Mihai-Razvan UNGUREANU]<br />Conservative Party or PC [Daniel CONSTANTIN] (formerly Humanist Party or PUR)<br />Democratic Liberal Party or PDL [Vasile BLAGA] (formerly Democratic Party)<br />Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Hunor KELEMEN]<br />National Liberal Party or PNL [Crin ANTONESCU]<br />National Union for Romania's Progress or UNPR [Gabriel OPREA]<br />People's Party - Dan Diaconescu or PP-DD [Dan DIACONESCU]<br />Right Romania Alliance or ARD [Vasile BLAGA, Mihai-Razvan UNGUREANU, and Aurelian PAVELESCU] (a center-right electoral alliance that includes PDL, FC, PNT-CD)<br />Social Democratic Party or PSD [Victor-Viorel PONTA] (formerly Party of Social Democracy in Romania or PDSR)<br />Social Liberal Union or USL [Victor PONTA and Crin ANTONESCU] (an alliance of the PSD, PNL, and PC)
Energy > Commercial energy use	2,299.1 Ranked 48th. 42% more than Romania	1,619.36 Ranked 52nd.
Economy > Economy > Overview	Bulgaria, a former Communist country that entered the EU on 1 January 2007, averaged more than 6% annual growth from 2004 to 2008, driven by significant amounts of bank lending, consumption, and foreign direct investment. Successive governments have demonstrated a commitment to economic reforms and responsible fiscal planning, but the global downturn sharply reduced domestic demand, exports, capital inflows, and industrial production. GDP contracted by 5.5% in 2009, stagnated in 2010, despite a significant recovery in exports, grew 1.7% in 2011, and 1% in 2012. Despite having a favorable investment regime, including low, flat corporate income taxes, significant challenges remain. Corruption in public administration, a weak judiciary, and the presence of organized crime continue to hamper the country's investment climate and economic prospects.	Romania, which joined the European Union on 1 January 2007, began the transition from Communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial base and a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. The country emerged in 2000 from a punishing three-year recession thanks to strong demand in EU export markets. Domestic consumption and investment fueled strong GDP growth, but led to large current account imbalances. Romania's macroeconomic gains have only recently started to spur creation of a middle class and to address Romania''s widespread poverty. Corruption and red tape continue to permeate the business environment. Inflation rose in 2007-08, driven by strong consumer demand, high wage growth, rising energy costs, a nation-wide drought, and a relaxation of fiscal discipline. As a result of the increase in fiscal and current account deficits and the global financial crisis, Romania signed on to a $26 billion emergency assistance package from the IMF, the EU, and other international lenders. Worsening international financial markets, as well as a series of drastic austerity measures implemented to meet Romania''s obligations under the IMF-led bail-out agreement contributed to a GDP contraction of 6.6% in 2009, followed by a 1.1% GDP contraction in 2010. The economy returned to positive growth in 2011 due to strong exports, a better than expected harvest, and weak domestic demand. In 2012, however, growth slowed to less than 1%, partially due to slackening export demand and an extended drought that resulted in an exceptionally poor harvest. In March 2011, Romania and the IMF/EU/World Bank signed a 24-month precautionary stand-by agreement, worth $6.6 billion, to promote fiscal discipline, encourage progress on structural reforms, and strengthen financial sector stability. The Romanian authorities announced that they do not intend to draw funds under the agreement.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders per million people	19.51 Ranked 57th.	19.6 Ranked 74th. About the same as Bulgaria
Economy > Exports	$26.70 billion Ranked 66th.	$51.29 billion Ranked 57th. 92% more than Bulgaria
Crime > Violent crime > Murders	147 Ranked 50th.	421 Ranked 51st. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Government > Executive branch > Cabinet	Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly	Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
Health > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people	6.3 per 1,000 people Ranked 18th.	6.6 per 1,000 people Ranked 17th. 5% more than Bulgaria
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces per thousand people	1.64 Ranked 22nd. 11% more than Romania	1.47 Ranked 25th.
Education > Compulsary education duration	8 Ranked 141st.	10 Ranked 51st. 25% more than Bulgaria
People > Gender > Female population	1.77 million Ranked 132nd.	6.32 million Ranked 92nd. 4 times more than Bulgaria
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14 > Total	559,802 Ranked 134th.	1.86 million Ranked 95th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Education > Homeschooling legal status	Illegal, public education is mandatory. Only children with special needs may be homeschooled under strict government control.	Legal under restrictive conditions. Children with disabilities, special needs or whose condition does not allow them to be physically present in a school may be home-schooled, under the supervision of an accredited teacher.
Military > Budget	1.4 US$ BN Ranked 7th.	2.9 US$ BN Ranked 25th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Economy > GDP > Per capita	$11,841.00 per capita Ranked 66th. 7% more than Romania	$11,092.63 per capita Ranked 69th.
Agriculture > Rural population	25,362 Ranked 126th.	33,617 Ranked 98th. 33% more than Bulgaria
People > Mother's mean age at first birth	26.2 Ranked 15th. 1% more than Romania	26 Ranked 17th.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption > Per capita	4,857.76 kWh per capita Ranked 51st. 85% more than Romania	2,625.69 kWh per capita Ranked 54th.
People > Death rate	14.31 deaths/1,000 population Ranked 8th. 21% more than Romania	11.86 deaths/1,000 population Ranked 30th.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Water > 1.5 litre bottle	$0.60 Ranked 118th.	$0.74 Ranked 93th. 23% more than Bulgaria
Environment > Ecological footprint	3.81 Ranked 43th. 9% more than Romania	3.49 Ranked 48th.
Geography > Average rainfall in depth > Mm per year	608 Ranked 121st.	637 Ranked 115th. 5% more than Bulgaria
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Loaf of bread > Fresh, white	$0.65 Ranked 114th.	$0.67 Ranked 112th. 3% more than Bulgaria
Government > Political pressure groups and leaders	Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria or CITUB<br />Podkrepa Labor Confederation<br /><strong>other:</strong> numerous regional, ethnic, and national interest groups with various agendas	<strong>other: </strong>various human rights and professional associations
Geography > Natural resources	bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land	petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$ per capita	$1,003.91 Ranked 24th. 8% more than Romania	$928.32 Ranked 46th.
Crime > Burglaries	328.2 Ranked 9th. 4 times more than Romania	79.8 Ranked 40th.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption	30.46 billion kWh Ranked 40th.	53.74 billion kWh Ranked 14th. 76% more than Bulgaria
Crime > Rapes > Per capita	0.031 per 1,000 people Ranked 33th.	0.047 per 1,000 people Ranked 24th. 52% more than Bulgaria
People > Age distribution > Total dependency ratio	72.65% Ranked 108th.	77.24% Ranked 90th. 6% more than Bulgaria
Crime > Murders > Per capita	20.52 per 1 million people Ranked 14th.	39.23 per 1 million people Ranked 10th. 91% more than Bulgaria
Health > Probability of not reaching 60	18.8% Ranked 15th.	21.6% Ranked 12th. 15% more than Bulgaria
Education > Adult literacy rate > Total	98.3 Ranked 25th. 1% more than Romania	97.6 Ranked 32nd.
Geography > Surface area > Sq. km	110,990 kmÂ² Ranked 103th.	238,390 kmÂ² Ranked 81st. 2 times more than Bulgaria
People > Population growth rate	-0.81% Ranked 228th. 3 times more than Romania	-0.27% Ranked 214th.
Geography > Area > Land > Per capita	15.22 sq km per 1,000 people Ranked 95th. 47% more than Romania	10.35 sq km per 1,000 people Ranked 125th.
Media > Telephones > Mobile cellular > Per capita	1,351.52 per 1,000 people Ranked 9th. 32% more than Romania	1,026.89 per 1,000 people Ranked 39th.
Agriculture > Agricultural land > Sq. km	50,880 sq. km Ranked 89th.	139,820 sq. km Ranked 63th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Education > Children out of school, primary per 1000	0.675 Ranked 95th.	4.86 Ranked 53th. 7 times more than Bulgaria
Health > Life expectancy at birth, total > Years	74.16 Ranked 86th.	74.51 Ranked 80th. About the same as Bulgaria
Crime > Robberies	53 Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Romania	18.9 Ranked 55th.
Media > Internet > Internet users per thousand people	555.93 Ranked 71st. 11% more than Romania	501.33 Ranked 84th.
Energy > Electric power consumption > KWh per capita	4,863.69 Ranked 43th. 96% more than Romania	2,486.34 Ranked 69th.
Cost of living > Basic utilities > Garbage, water, heating, electricity for 85 sqm apartment	$117.34 Ranked 73th.	$120.39 Ranked 69th. 3% more than Bulgaria
Crime > Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years	51.04 Ranked 79th. 18% more than Romania	43.13 Ranked 91st.
Military > Personnel > Per capita	10.98 per 1,000 people Ranked 23th. 34% more than Romania	8.18 per 1,000 people Ranked 40th.
Military > War deaths	0.0 Ranked 70th.	0.0 Ranked 69th.
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per capita	0.442 Ranked 20th. 5% more than Romania	0.421 Ranked 22nd.
Agriculture > Agricultural growth	66 Ranked 198th.	87 Ranked 183th. 32% more than Bulgaria
Crime > Fear of crime > Violent hate crime	29.08 Ranked 43th. 2 times more than Romania	14.34 Ranked 86th.
Economy > Debt > Government debt > Public debt, share of GDP	17.9 CIA Ranked 134th.	37.2 CIA Ranked 96th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Media > Internet users	3.4 million Ranked 26th.	7.79 million Ranked 12th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Economy > Public debt	16.3% of GDP Ranked 1st.	37.2% of GDP Ranked 95th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Economy > Inflation rate > Consumer prices	3% Ranked 118th.	3.3% Ranked 109th. 10% more than Bulgaria
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary	12.3 Ranked 65th.	12.96 Ranked 61st. 5% more than Bulgaria
Crime > Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night	54.08 Ranked 44th.	66.98 Ranked 23th. 24% more than Bulgaria
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$	$7.33 billion Ranked 32nd.	$20.13 billion Ranked 38th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Crime > Kidnappings	2.46 Ranked 2nd. 84% more than Romania	1.34 Ranked 20th.
Language > Languages	Bulgarian 84.5%, Turkish 9.6%, Roma 4.1%, other and unspecified 1.8%	Romanian 91% (official), Hungarian 6.7%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 1.2%
Transport > Road network length > Km
Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services	63% Ranked 81st. 15% more than Romania	54.9% Ranked 115th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Total	391,804 Ranked 133th.	1.32 million Ranked 94th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Economy > Exports per capita	$3,655.21 Ranked 58th. 52% more than Romania	$2,404.94 Ranked 72nd.
Media > Personal computers > Per capita	59.25 per 1,000 people Ranked 79th.	112.98 per 1,000 people Ranked 57th. 91% more than Bulgaria
Geography > Average precipitation in depth > Mm per year	608 Ranked 129th.	637 Ranked 122nd. 5% more than Bulgaria
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Milk > 1 litre	$1.32 Ranked 70th. 9% more than Romania	$1.21 Ranked 85th.
Cost of living > Cinema ticket price > International release	$6.86 Ranked 76th. 13% more than Romania	$6.07 Ranked 83th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Percent	32.21% Ranked 108th.	34.79% Ranked 77th. 8% more than Bulgaria
Cost of living > Clothing and shoe prices > Shoes > Pair of Nikes	$93.25 Ranked 75th. 16% more than Romania	$80.52 Ranked 108th.
Government > Administrative divisions	28 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast); Blagoevgrad, Burgas, Dobrich, Gabrovo, Khaskovo, Kurdzhali, Kyustendil, Lovech, Montana, Pazardzhik, Pernik, Pleven, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Ruse, Shumen, Silistra, Sliven, Smolyan, Sofiya (Sofia), Sofiya-Grad (Sofia City), Stara Zagora, Turgovishte, Varna, Veliko Turnovo, Vidin, Vratsa, Yambol	41 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dambovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Valcea, Vrancea
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent index	11.4 Ranked 123th.	12.64 Ranked 115th. 11% more than Bulgaria
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64 > Total	2.05 million Ranked 132nd.	7.11 million Ranked 94th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Education > Literacy > Total population	98.6% Ranked 33th. About the same as Romania	98.4% Ranked 38th.
Health > Quality of health care system > Health care system index	59.88 Ranked 16th. 24% more than Romania	48.1 Ranked 43th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Total	186,316 Ranked 133th.	613,075 Ranked 94th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
People > Obesity > Adult obesity rate	23.7% Ranked 71st. 24% more than Romania	19.1% Ranked 99th.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Egg > Dozen	$2.08 Ranked 80th.	$2.28 Ranked 68th. 10% more than Bulgaria
Education > College and university > Gender parity index	1.31 Ranked 48th.	1.35 Ranked 41st. 3% more than Bulgaria
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 3 bedroom apartment > City centre	$543.71 Ranked 125th.	$593.78 Ranked 118th. 9% more than Bulgaria
Economy > Distribution of family income > Gini index	29.8 Ranked 31st.	33.2 Ranked 10th. 11% more than Bulgaria
Religion > Religions > All	Bulgarian Orthodox 82.6%, Muslim 12.2%, other Christian 1.2%, other 4% (2001 census)	Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 86.8%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformate and Pentecostal) 7.5%, Roman Catholic 4.7%, other (mostly Muslim) and unspecified 0.9%, none 0.1% (2002 census)
Cost of living > Transport prices > New car > Volkswagen Golf 1.4 or similar	$21,026.07 Ranked 87th. 2% more than Romania	$20,634.20 Ranked 92nd.
Education > Primary education, duration > Years	4 Ranked 187th. The same as Romania	4 Ranked 186th.
Military > Global Peace Index	1.66 Ranked 128th. 5% more than Romania	1.58 Ranked 133th.
Education > Secondary education, duration > Years	8 Ranked 7th. The same as Romania	8 Ranked 6th.
Military > Navy > Corvette warships	3 Ranked 4th.	4 Ranked 16th. 33% more than Bulgaria
Energy > Electric power consumption > KWh	35.74 billion Ranked 59th.	53.17 billion Ranked 45th. 49% more than Bulgaria
Media > Televisions per 1000	423.08 Ranked 35th. 75% more than Romania	241.47 Ranked 69th.
Health > Births and maternity > Future births	37.39 Ranked 133th.	122.95 Ranked 95th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Energy > Oil > Consumption > Per capita	14.24 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 69th. 29% more than Romania	11.06 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 81st.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59	51.95% Ranked 90th. 3% more than Romania	50.41% Ranked 109th.
Education > Children out of school, primary, female	2,085 Ranked 77th.	52,749 Ranked 32nd. 25 times more than Bulgaria
Agriculture > Cereal yield > Kg per hectare	4,094.3 Ranked 37th. 26% more than Romania	3,247.1 Ranked 67th.
People > Population in 2015	7,156 thousand Ranked 102nd.	20,871 thousand Ranked 57th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Health > Births and maternity > Average age of mother at childbirth	27.1 Ranked 55th. The same as Romania	27.1 Ranked 54th.
Geography > Terrain	mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast	central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Moldavian Plateau on the east by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
Education > High school enrolment rate	94.81 Ranked 50th.	97.31 Ranked 40th. 3% more than Bulgaria
Health > Life expectancy at birth > Total population	73.59 years Ranked 110th.	73.98 years Ranked 106th. 1% more than Bulgaria
Transport > Road > Motorway length	625 km Ranked 52nd.	647 km Ranked 49th. 4% more than Bulgaria
Crime > Murders > Per 100,000 people	3.1 Ranked 78th.	3.3 Ranked 75th. 6% more than Bulgaria
Military > Paramilitary personnel	3,400 Ranked 80th.	79,900 Ranked 18th. 24 times more than Bulgaria
Military > Service age and obligation	18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 9 months; as of May 2006, 67% of the Bulgarian Army comprised of professional soldiers; conscription ended as of 1 January 2008; Air and Air Defense Forces and Naval Forces became fully professional at the end of 2006	18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription officially ended October 2006; all military inductees (including women) contract for an initial 5-year term of service; subsequent voluntary service contracts are for successive 3-year terms until the age of 36
Geography > Location	Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey	Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
Health > Quality of health care system > Cost	70.65 Ranked 8th. 53% more than Romania	46.32 Ranked 40th.
People > Urban and rural > Population living in cities proper	4.94 million Ranked 17th.	6.45 million Ranked 12th. 31% more than Bulgaria
Lifestyle > Quality of life index	66.4 Ranked 52nd. 3% more than Romania	64.67 Ranked 53th.
Education > Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP	4.1% Ranked 78th.	4.24% Ranked 82nd. 3% more than Bulgaria
Labor > Labor force > By occupation	agriculture 26%, industry 31%, services 43%	agriculture 31.6%, industry 30.7%, services 37.7%
Economy > Human Development Index	0.808 Ranked 55th. 2% more than Romania	0.792 Ranked 63th.
Labor > Unemployment rate	9.2% Ranked 34th. 12% more than Romania	8.2% Ranked 43th.
Education > Primary education, teachers per 1000	1.99 Ranked 132nd.	2.22 Ranked 128th. 12% more than Bulgaria
People > Death rate, crude > Per 1,000 people	14.7 Ranked 8th. 25% more than Romania	11.8 Ranked 31st.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Air pollution	63.68 Ranked 26th. 8% more than Romania	59.12 Ranked 32nd.
Economy > Tourist arrivals > Per capita	795.85 per 1,000 people Ranked 38th. Twice as much as Romania	398.35 per 1,000 people Ranked 71st.
Media > Households with television	97.3% Ranked 12th. 4% more than Romania	93.7% Ranked 21st.
Health > Birth rate > Crude > Per 1,000 people	9 per 1,000 people Ranked 172nd.	10.2 per 1,000 people Ranked 157th. 13% more than Bulgaria
Conflict > Terrorism > Global Terrorism Index	0.741 Ranked 81st.	0.0 Ranked 128th.
Culture > Happy Planet Index	42 Ranked 82nd.	43.9 Ranked 70th. 5% more than Bulgaria
Government > Executive branch > Head of government	Prime Minister Plamen ORESHARSKI (since 29 May 2013) Deputy Prime Ministers Zinaida ZLATANOVA (since 29 May 2013) and Tsvetlin YOVCHEV (since June 2013)	Prime Minister Victor-Viorel PONTA (since 7 May 2012)
Geography > Coastline	354 km Ranked 128th. 57% more than Romania	225 km Ranked 139th.
Labor > Labor force	3.4 million Ranked 5th.	9.35 million Ranked 45th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Environment > Current issues	air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes	soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands
Energy > Oil > Consumption	125,000 bbl/day Ranked 65th.	214,000 bbl/day Ranked 48th. 71% more than Bulgaria
Health > Life expectancy at birth, female > Years	77.8 Ranked 71st.	78.2 Ranked 66th. 1% more than Bulgaria
Education > College and university > Share of total education spending	14.81% Ranked 82nd.	28.28% Ranked 17th. 91% more than Bulgaria
Health > Life expectancy > Men	70 years Ranked 64th.	71 years Ranked 57th. 1% more than Bulgaria
Military > Navy > Submarines	1 Ranked 3rd. The same as Romania	1 Ranked 23th.
Media > Television > List of TV stations	<p>BNT (Bulgarian National Television) - public, operates Kanal 1 and satellite channel TV Bulgaria</p> </p>bTV - private, national</p> </p>Nova TV - private, national</p>	<p>TVR - state-owned</p> </p>Antena 1 - commercial</p> </p>Pro TV - commercial</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17776565">Full Article</a>
Energy > Oil > Production > Per capita	0.5 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 88th.	5.05 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 54th. 10 times more than Bulgaria
People > Total fertility rate	1.43 children born/woman Ranked 196th. 9% more than Romania	1.31 children born/woman Ranked 210th.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, male > Years	70.7 Ranked 91st.	71 Ranked 86th. About the same as Bulgaria
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Percent	26.23% Ranked 108th.	28.78% Ranked 82nd. 10% more than Bulgaria
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Rice > White, 1kg	$1.45 Ranked 85th.	$1.47 Ranked 83th. 1% more than Bulgaria
Media > Television receivers > Per capita	398.22 per 1,000 people Ranked 35th. 71% more than Romania	232.78 per 1,000 people Ranked 69th.
Government > Executive branch > Chief of state	President Rosen PLEVNELIEV (since 22 January 2012); Vice President Margarita POPOVA (since 22 January 2012)	President Traian BASESCU (since 20 December 2004)
Government > Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address	American Embassy Sofia, US Department of State, 5740 Sofia Place, Washington, DC 20521-5740	American Embassy Bucharest, US Department of State, 5260 Bucharest Place, Washington, DC 20521-5260 (pouch)
Media > Telecoms > Mobile cellular subscriptions > Per 100 people	145.73 Ranked 30th. 37% more than Romania	106.14 Ranked 96th.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity	$102.70 billion Ranked 70th.	$271.40 billion Ranked 47th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Hourly minimum wage	$0.95 Ranked 27th.	$1.20 Ranked 24th. 26% more than Bulgaria
Government > Capital city > Name	Sofia	Bucharest
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates	42 41 N, 23 19 E	44 26 N, 26 06 E
Culture > Sexuality > Homosexuality > Legality of homosexual acts	Legal since 1968 UN decl. sign.	Legal since 1996 Previously legal from 1864 to 1968. UN decl. sign.
Environment > Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons	35.06 Ranked 44th.	43.29 Ranked 39th. 23% more than Bulgaria
Government > International organization participation	Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EU, FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC	Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
People > Age dependency ratio > Dependents to working-age population	0.44 Ranked 160th. 2% more than Romania	0.43 Ranked 164th.
Crime > Prisoners	9,918 prisoners Ranked 69th.	48,075 prisoners Ranked 32nd. 5 times more than Bulgaria
Weather > Temperature > Highest temperature ever recorded	45.2 \u00b0C (113.3 \u00b0F)	44.5 \u00b0C (112.1 \u00b0F)
Media > Internet > Users per 1000	247.92 Ranked 67th.	556.93 Ranked 27th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Crime > Assaults	47.6 Ranked 13th. 8% more than Romania	43.9 Ranked 45th.
Religion > Major religion(s)	Christianity	Christianity
Health > Probability of reaching 65 > Male	64.2% Ranked 82nd. 3% more than Romania	62.5% Ranked 90th.
Cost of living > Internet > Broadband 6Mpbs, uncapped data	$11.70 Ranked 141st. 17% more than Romania	$9.97 Ranked 144th.
Geography > Area > Water	2,390 sq km Ranked 87th.	8,500 sq km Ranked 52nd. 4 times more than Bulgaria
People > Age structure > 0-14 years	14.2% Ranked 213th.	14.7% Ranked 206th. 4% more than Bulgaria
Military > Military service age and obligation	18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription ended in January 2008; service obligation 6-9 months	20-35 years of age for compulsory male military service; conscription ended 2006, but military service remains mandatory; 18 years of age for male and female voluntary service; all military inductees (including women) contract for an initial 5-year term of service, with subsequent successive 3-year terms until age 36
Media > Broadcast media	4 m	a mixture of public and private TV stations; the public broadcaster operates multiple stations; roughly 100 private national, regional, and local stations; more than 75% of households are connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems that provide access to Romanian, European, and international stations; state-owned public radio broadcaster operates 4 national networks and regional and local stations; more than 100 private radio stations
Transport > Airports	68 Ranked 73th. 51% more than Romania	45 Ranked 96th.
Military > Navy > Aircraft carriers	0.0 Ranked 9th.	0.0 Ranked 50th.
Geography > Area > Comparative to US places	slightly larger than Tennessee	slightly smaller than Oregon
Crime > Punishment > Maximum length of sentence	None	None
Language > Major language(s)	Bulgarian	Romanian
Economy > Currency > PPP conversion factor to official exchange rate ratio	0.38 Ranked 92nd.	0.5 Ranked 64th. 32% more than Bulgaria
People > Gender > Male population	1.76 million Ranked 131st.	6.28 million Ranked 92nd. 4 times more than Bulgaria
Energy > Electricity production > KWh	50.02 billion Ranked 53th.	62 billion Ranked 43th. 24% more than Bulgaria
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Total	1.14 million Ranked 130th.	4.39 million Ranked 87th. 4 times more than Bulgaria
Religion > Christian > Orthodox > Orthodox population	5.59 million Ranked 8th.	18.82 million Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Media > News Agencies > List of news agencies	<p>Bulgarian News Agency (BTA) - English-language pages</p> </p>Novinite - English-language news site</p> </p>Mediapool - news site</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17205118">Full Article</a>	<p>Agerpres - state-run, English-language pages</p> </p>Mediafax - private, English-language pages</p>
Industry > Gross value added by construction	2.59 billion Ranked 82nd.	14.55 billion Ranked 34th. 6 times more than Bulgaria
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Apartment purchase price per sqm > City centre	$1,185.94 Ranked 103th.	$1,510.00 Ranked 88th. 27% more than Bulgaria
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64	57.92% Ranked 89th. 3% more than Romania	56.42% Ranked 107th.
Economy > Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Background > Overview	<p>Bulgaria, situated in the eastern Balkans, has been undergoing a slow and painful transition to a market economy since the end of Communist rule. </p> <p>A predominantly Slavic-speaking, Orthodox Christian country, Bulgaria was the birthplace of the Cyrillic alphabet, which was created there towards the end of the 9th century AD. </p> <p>It was long influenced by Byzantine culture then was part of the Ottoman Empire for 500 years before gaining its independence in the 19th century. </p><br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17202996">Full Article</a>	<p>The largest of the Balkan countries, Romania has dramatic mountain scenery and a coastline on the Black Sea. </p> <p>It has seen numerous empires come and go from the Roman, to the Ottoman, to the Austro-Hungarian. </p> <p>After World War II the country was under communist rule although the leadership pursued a foreign policy independent of that of the Soviet Union. </p><br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17776265">Full Article</a>
Crime > Auto theft	99 Ranked 24th. 17 times more than Romania	5.9 Ranked 59th.
Energy > Energy use > Kg of oil equivalent per capita	2,615.04 Ranked 47th. 56% more than Romania	1,675.5 Ranked 66th.
People > Age structure > 65 years and over	18.9% Ranked 10th. 25% more than Romania	15.1% Ranked 43th.
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Industry	31.2% Ranked 70th.	32.9% Ranked 63th. 5% more than Bulgaria
Crime > Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery	28.06 Ranked 65th. 3 times more than Romania	10.08 Ranked 93th.
Geography > Population density > People per sq. km	71.24 people/mÂ² Ranked 107th.	94.07 people/mÂ² Ranked 89th. 32% more than Bulgaria
Labor > Hours worked > Standard workweek	40 hours Ranked 104th. The same as Romania	40 hours Ranked 103th.
Media > Internet > Fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 1000	178.71 Ranked 47th. 12% more than Romania	159.42 Ranked 51st.
Economy > Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$, period average	$1.52 Ranked 142nd.	$3.47 Ranked 117th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Crime > Murders > WHO	3 Ranked 108th. 25% more than Romania	2.4 Ranked 119th.
Industry > Patent applications > Residents > Per capita	33.8 per 1 million people Ranked 34th.	43.21 per 1 million people Ranked 32nd. 28% more than Bulgaria
Agriculture > Agriculture, value added > Current US$	$2.80 billion Ranked 52nd.	$10.14 billion Ranked 29th. 4 times more than Bulgaria
People > Nationality > Noun	Bulgarian(s)	Romanian(s)
Health > Diseases > Cancer > Cancer death rate (per 100,000 population)	129 Ranked 93th.	138 Ranked 73th. 7% more than Bulgaria
Economy > Inequality > GINI index	29.24 Ranked 30th.	32.13 Ranked 20th. 10% more than Bulgaria
Agriculture > Cultivable land > Hectares	3.09 million Ranked 61st.	8.55 million Ranked 27th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Media > Radio > List of radio stations	<p>BNR (Bulgarian National Radio) - public, operates flagship network Horizont, cultural network Hristo Botev</p> </p>Darik Radio - private, national</p>	<p>Radio Romania - state-owned, operates national and regional networks and Radio Romania International</p> </p>Europa FM - commercial</p> </p>Kiss FM - commercial</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17776565">Full Article</a>
Culture > Food and drink > Beer consumption	521 million L Ranked 24th.	1.7 billion L Ranked 17th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Crime > Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day	84.18 Ranked 32nd.	93.27 Ranked 6th. 11% more than Bulgaria
Economy > Imports per capita	$4,264.42 Ranked 66th. 45% more than Romania	$2,942.29 Ranked 80th.
Transport > Waterways	470 km Ranked 17th.	1,731 km Ranked 33th. 4 times more than Bulgaria
Economy > Gross National Income per capita	$1,650.91 Ranked 81st.	$1,744.84 Ranked 77th. 6% more than Bulgaria
Military > Armed forces personnel	80,000 Ranked 45th.	207,000 Ranked 24th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Education > Literacy > Female	98.2% Ranked 34th. 1% more than Romania	97.7% Ranked 40th.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Industry	35.2% Ranked 3rd. 52% more than Romania	23.2% Ranked 6th.
Labor > Labor force, total	3.35 million Ranked 97th.	10.2 million Ranked 51st. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Agriculture > Farm workers	142,000 Ranked 128th.	966,000 Ranked 71st. 7 times more than Bulgaria
Crime > Serious assault rate	0.9 Ranked 63th.	3.1 Ranked 56th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Economy > Tax > Highest marginal tax rate > Individual rate	10% Ranked 76th.	16% Ranked 67th. 60% more than Bulgaria
Health > Infant mortality rate > Total	16.68 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 103th. 51% more than Romania	11.02 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 139th.
Crime > United States extradition treaties > Entered into force	June 24, 1924<br>August 15, 1935	April 7, 1925<br>July 27, 1937
Economy > GDP per capita in 1950	$1,651.00 Ranked 31st. 40% more than Romania	$1,182.00 Ranked 36th.
Cost of living > Clothing and shoe prices > Jeans > 1 pair of Levi 501s or equivalent	$68.06 Ranked 81st.	$73.02 Ranked 67th. 7% more than Bulgaria
People > Age distribution > Elderly dependency ratio	45.29% Ranked 108th.	51.02% Ranked 84th. 13% more than Bulgaria
Energy > Electrical outages > Days	2.83 days Ranked 19th.	2.97 days Ranked 18th. 5% more than Bulgaria
Transport > Commute > Distance	4.17 km Ranked 23th.	7.59 km Ranked 10th. 82% more than Bulgaria
Geography > Elevation extremes > Highest point	Musala 2,925 m	Moldoveanu 2,544 m
Economy > Technology index	3.82 Ranked 58th.	4.13 Ranked 46th. 8% more than Bulgaria
Agriculture > Agricultural growth per capita	69 Int. $ Ranked 192nd.	90 Int. $ Ranked 156th. 30% more than Bulgaria
Transport > Road > Expressway length	458 km Ranked 44th.	647 km Ranked 41st. 41% more than Bulgaria
Transport > Motor vehicles	239 motor vehicles per 100 p Ranked 22nd. 77% more than Romania	135 motor vehicles per 100 p Ranked 36th.
Military > Military expenditures	2.6% of GDP Ranked 9th. 37% more than Romania	1.9% of GDP Ranked 2nd.
Agriculture > Products	vegetables, fruits, tobacco, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar beets; livestock	wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep
Cost of living > Consumer price index > Plus rent	31.73 Ranked 96th. 1% more than Romania	31.4 Ranked 98th.
Media > Internet > Internet users > Per 100 people	55.15 Ranked 70th. 10% more than Romania	50 Ranked 81st.
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > McDonalds meal	$4.91 Ranked 120th.	$5.46 Ranked 96th. 11% more than Bulgaria
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Water pollution	50 Ranked 36th. 16% more than Romania	42.98 Ranked 41st.
Economy > Development > Human Development Index	0.782 Ranked 57th.	0.786 Ranked 56th. 1% more than Bulgaria
Economy > Population below poverty line > Per capita	3% per 1 million people Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Romania	1.16% per 1 million people Ranked 15th.
Education > Children out of school, primary, female per 1000	0.284 Ranked 88th.	2.47 Ranked 50th. 9 times more than Bulgaria
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Percent	5.27% Ranked 79th. 8% more than Romania	4.86% Ranked 134th.
People > Physicians density	3.76 physicians/1,000 population Ranked 6th. 57% more than Romania	2.39 physicians/1,000 population Ranked 19th.
Crime > Drugs > Lifetime cannabis use	4.4% Ranked 9th.	7.4% Ranked 1st. 68% more than Bulgaria
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Chicken breasts > Skinless, boneless	$6.16 Ranked 74th. 9% more than Romania	$5.63 Ranked 86th.
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per 1000	409.95 hectares Ranked 15th.	429.32 hectares Ranked 12th. 5% more than Bulgaria
Military > Military branches	Bulgarian Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Bulgarian Air Forces (Bulgarski Voennovazdyshni Sily, BVVS)	Land Forces, Naval Forces (Fortele Naval, FN), Romanian Air Force (Fortele Aeriene Romane, FAR)
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Total divorces	11,947 Ranked 17th.	31,324 Ranked 7th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP per thousand people	$1.93 Ranked 79th. 3 times more than Romania	$0.60 Ranked 107th.
Energy > Electricity > Installed generating capacity per thousand people	1,328.59 kW Ranked 56th. 14% more than Romania	1,168.12 kW Ranked 5th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Total	926,859 Ranked 131st.	3.63 million Ranked 86th. 4 times more than Bulgaria
Education > College and university > Gender ratio	130.31 Ranked 37th.	134.3 Ranked 33th. 3% more than Bulgaria
Economy > Exports > Commodities	clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels	machinery and equipment, metals and metal products, textiles and footwear, chemicals, agricultural products, minerals and fuels
Military > Active military personnel	28,767 Ranked 12th.	68,340 Ranked 8th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Energy > Electricity > Consumption per capita	3,730.98 kWh Ranked 14th. 37% more than Romania	2,714.55 kWh Ranked 50th.
Energy > Gasoline > Pump price for gasoline > US$ per liter	$1.69 Ranked 53th.	$1.70 Ranked 52nd. 1% more than Bulgaria
Agriculture > Produce > Crop > Production index	125.4% Ranked 18th.	137.9% Ranked 6th. 10% more than Bulgaria
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59 > Total	1.84 million Ranked 133th.	6.35 million Ranked 94th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Industry > Gross value added by manufacturing	7.26 billion Ranked 71st.	37.45 billion Ranked 37th. 5 times more than Bulgaria
Crime > Prisoners > Per capita	127 per 100,000 people Ranked 68th.	193 per 100,000 people Ranked 40th. 52% more than Bulgaria
Crime > Punishment > Crimes possibly attracting life sentence	Aggravated murder, aggravated kidnapping, aggravated robbery, treason, espionage, war crimes, genocide, desertion in wartime	Treason and other grave crimes against the state, extremely grave murder, capitulation, desertion on the battlefield, crimes against peace or humanity
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Groceries index	45.48 Ranked 104th. 3% more than Romania	44.06 Ranked 112th.
Geography > Total area > Sq. km	111,000 Ranked 100th.	238,390 Ranked 79th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture	7.1% Ranked 8th.	29.7% Ranked 12th. 4 times more than Bulgaria
Religion > Seventh-day Adventist Membership	7,757 Ranked 86th.	70,642 Ranked 39th. 9 times more than Bulgaria
Economy > Poverty and inequality > Richest quintile to poorest quintile ratio	4.4 Ranked 4th.	4.9 Ranked 25th. 11% more than Bulgaria
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 1 bedroom apartment > City centre	$295.41 Ranked 118th.	$335.11 Ranked 108th. 13% more than Bulgaria
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Apple > 1kg	$1.43 Ranked 124th. 28% more than Romania	$1.12 Ranked 138th.
Energy > Electricity > Production	43.39 billion kWh Ranked 41st.	60.39 billion kWh Ranked 36th. 39% more than Bulgaria
Government > Country name > Conventional long form	Republic of Bulgaria	none
Crime > Murders	158% Ranked 20th.	845% Ranked 4th. 5 times more than Bulgaria
Media > Personal computers per 1000	59.25 Ranked 79th.	112.98 Ranked 58th. 91% more than Bulgaria
Transport > Highways > Total > Per capita	4.63 km per 1,000 people Ranked 40th.	8.85 km per 1,000 people Ranked 22nd. 91% more than Bulgaria
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Total	361,681 Ranked 127th.	1.5 million Ranked 78th. 4 times more than Bulgaria
Transport > Vehicles > Per km of road	63 Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Romania	20 Ranked 31st.
People > Cities > Urban population	74,638 Ranked 98th. 12% more than Romania	66,383 Ranked 126th.
Geography > Land use > Arable land	29.28% Ranked 27th.	37.73% Ranked 15th. 29% more than Bulgaria
Industry > CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries and construction > Million metric tons	4.32 Ranked 70th.	14.63 Ranked 43th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Transport > Motor vehicles > Per 1,000 people	295.14 Ranked 45th. 64% more than Romania	180.49 Ranked 26th.
Industry > Manufacturing growth	-4 Ranked 61st.	5 Ranked 20th.
Government > Civil law system	Civil Law system influenced by Germanic and Roman law systems	title=Drept civil. Drepturile reale principale \| publisher=C.H. Beck \| author=Valeriu Stoica \| year=2009 \| location=Bucharest \| pages=XIII}}</ref>
Crime > Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked	34.69 Ranked 62nd. 60% more than Romania	21.71 Ranked 84th.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Services	57.7% Ranked 11th. 23% more than Romania	47.1% Ranked 18th.
People > Abortion > Abortion rate	21.3 abortions per 1,000 women Ranked 2nd.	27.8 abortions per 1,000 women Ranked 4th. 31% more than Bulgaria
Culture > World Heritage Sites	7 Ranked 29th. 17% more than Romania	6 Ranked 38th.
Geography > Land boundaries > Border countries	Greece 494 km, Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia 318 km, Turkey 240 km	Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km
Transport > Passenger cars > Per 1,000 people	257.39 Ranked 43th. 65% more than Romania	155.8 Ranked 26th.
Economy > Imports	$31.15 billion Ranked 62nd.	$62.75 billion Ranked 45th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
People > Nationality > Adjective	Bulgarian	Romanian
Agriculture > Produce > Food > Production index	107.7% Ranked 77th.	123.2% Ranked 11th. 14% more than Bulgaria
Media > Radio broadcast stations	AM 31, FM 63, shortwave 2	698 (frequency type NA)
Health > Deaths > Percent deaths registered	90-100	90-100
People > Sex ratio > Total population	0.92 male(s)/female Ranked 210th.	0.95 male(s)/female Ranked 173th. 3% more than Bulgaria
People > Age distribution > Population aged 5-14 > Percent	10.57% Ranked 92nd. 6% more than Romania	9.93% Ranked 140th.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Air quality	36.32 Ranked 34th.	40.88 Ranked 28th. 13% more than Bulgaria
Health > Fertility rate > Total > Births per woman	1.31 births per woman Ranked 163th.	1.32 births per woman Ranked 159th. 1% more than Bulgaria
Industry > Growth	-7.16 Ranked 92nd.	5.9 Ranked 18th.
Lifestyle > Happiness level > Very happy	7% Ranked 40th. 17% more than Romania	6% Ranked 41st.
Crime > Suicide rates > Suicide rate (males)	18.8 Ranked 2nd.	20.8 Ranked 3rd. 11% more than Bulgaria
Sports > Chess > GrandMasters	23 Ranked 10th. 64% more than Romania	14 Ranked 19th.
Government > Executive branch > Elections	president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 and 30 October 2011 (next to be held in 2016); chairman of the Council of Ministers (prime minister) elected by the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly	president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 22 November 2009 with runoff on 6 December 2009 (next to be held in November-December 2014); prime minister appointed by the president with the consent of the Parliament
Crime > Software piracy rate	68% Ranked 45th. The same as Romania	68% Ranked 44th.
Health > Infant mortality rate	21.31 Ranked 92nd.	27.24 Ranked 74th. 28% more than Bulgaria
Religion > Christian > Mormon > Congregations	10 Ranked 82nd.	18 Ranked 67th. 80% more than Bulgaria
Military > Expenditures > Percent of GDP	2.6% Ranked 49th. 5% more than Romania	2.47% Ranked 56th.
Economy > Budget > Expenditures	$18.28 billion Ranked 73th.	$59.95 billion Ranked 47th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
People > Sex ratio > At birth	1.06 male(s)/female Ranked 44th. The same as Romania	1.06 male(s)/female Ranked 43th.
Environment > Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$	$29.09 billion Ranked 35th.	$97.89 billion Ranked 22nd. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Health > HIV AIDS > People living with HIV AIDS > Per capita	0.044 per 1,000 people Ranked 126th.	0.294 per 1,000 people Ranked 112th. 7 times more than Bulgaria
Energy > Crude oil > Production	3,384 bbl/day Ranked 101st.	101,600 bbl/day Ranked 49th. 30 times more than Bulgaria
Lifestyle > Happiness net	-24% Ranked 50th.	23% Ranked 42nd.
Economy > GINI index	29.21 Ranked 33th.	31.05 Ranked 30th. 6% more than Bulgaria
Media > Daily newspapers > Per 1,000 people	78.98 Ranked 38th. 12% more than Romania	70.33 Ranked 43th.
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > Restaurant index	38.67 Ranked 96th. 2% more than Romania	37.89 Ranked 98th.
Economy > Reserves of foreign exchange and gold per capita	$1,492.21 Ranked 39th.	$1,854.56 Ranked 32nd. 24% more than Bulgaria
Economy > Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU	25.44 billion Ranked 105th.	-24,760,309,777.411 Ranked 159th.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages	21,167 Ranked 32nd.	107,760 Ranked 10th. 5 times more than Bulgaria
Economy > Tourist arrivals	5.78 million Ranked 34th.	8.86 million Ranked 23th. 53% more than Bulgaria
Crime > Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft	51.56 Ranked 40th. 64% more than Romania	31.45 Ranked 85th.
Economy > Budget > Revenues > Per capita	$2,299.65 per capita Ranked 55th.	$2,340.18 per capita Ranked 54th. 2% more than Bulgaria
Transport > Rail > Railway length	4,159 km Ranked 38th.	22,298 km Ranked 14th. 5 times more than Bulgaria
Military > Manpower fit for military service > Males age 16-49	None	None
Government > Leaders > Prime minister	Plamen Oresharski	Victor Ponta
Environment > Transport CO2 emission index	1,319.65 Ranked 36th.	3,085.05 Ranked 26th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Cost of living > Sports > Tennis court hire > 1 hour, weekend	$10.85 Ranked 87th.	$11.73 Ranked 80th. 8% more than Bulgaria
Industry > Industry, value added > Current US$	$13.30 billion Ranked 41st.	$54.81 billion Ranked 26th. 4 times more than Bulgaria
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Apartment purchase price per sqm > Outside city centre	$777.42 Ranked 105th.	$1,061.35 Ranked 78th. 37% more than Bulgaria
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Potatoes > 1kg	$0.71 Ranked 117th. 15% more than Romania	$0.62 Ranked 125th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Percent	10.24% Ranked 105th.	11.92% Ranked 82nd. 16% more than Bulgaria
Education > Child care (preschool) > Duration	4 Ranked 9th. The same as Romania	4 Ranked 8th.
Economy > Inbound tourism income > Current US$	$4.83 billion Ranked 45th. 84% more than Romania	$2.63 billion Ranked 57th.
Environment > CO2 Emissions per 1000	5.72 Ranked 46th. 37% more than Romania	4.17 Ranked 61st.
Media > Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers > Per 1,000 people	1,127.67 per 1,000 people Ranked 41st. 37% more than Romania	820.22 per 1,000 people Ranked 55th.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption by households per capita	1,168.75 kWh Ranked 49th. 3 times more than Romania	426.82 kWh Ranked 95th.
Economy > Tax > Tax rates	36.36 Ranked 25th. 18% more than Romania	30.91 Ranked 42nd.
Government > National symbol(s)	lion	golden eagle
Industry > Gross value added by construction per capita	354 Ranked 113th.	682.06 Ranked 73th. 93% more than Bulgaria
Religion > Muslim > Muslim percentage of total population	13.4% Ranked 67th. 45 times more than Romania	0.3% Ranked 148th.
Geography > Irrigated land	1,020 sq km Ranked 93th.	31,570 sq km Ranked 22nd. 31 times more than Bulgaria
Transport > Gross value added by transport, storage and communication	5.1 billion Ranked 72nd.	15.57 billion Ranked 48th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Labor > GNI > Current US$	$49.10 billion Ranked 67th.	$191.03 billion Ranked 46th. 4 times more than Bulgaria
Military > Armed forces personnel > Total	75,000 Ranked 58th.	153,000 Ranked 37th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Media > Internet > Users > Per capita	259.32 per 1,000 people Ranked 67th.	538.7 per 1,000 people Ranked 30th. 2 times more than Bulgaria
Economy > GDP per person	6,423.35 Ranked 65th.	7,499.64 Ranked 60th. 17% more than Bulgaria
Education > Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita	7.4 per 1,000 people Ranked 37th. 2% more than Romania	7.27 per 1,000 people Ranked 38th.
Energy > Electricity production from renewable sources > KWh	3.94 billion Ranked 79th.	16.32 billion Ranked 36th. 4 times more than Bulgaria
Education > Duration of compulsory education	8 years Ranked 104th. The same as Romania	8 years Ranked 103th.
Religion > Islam > Percentage Muslim	12.2% Ranked 73th. 41 times more than Romania	0.3% Ranked 138th.
Health > Births and maternity > Infant mortality rate	10.5 Ranked 128th.	10.7 Ranked 127th. 2% more than Bulgaria
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Drinking water pollution	28.57 Ranked 44th.	44.4 Ranked 26th. 55% more than Bulgaria
People > Marriage rate	6.7 Ranked 12th.	8.3 Ranked 4th. 24% more than Bulgaria
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > 3 course meal for 2	$28.03 Ranked 81st. 15% more than Romania	$24.28 Ranked 97th.
Culture > Smoking > Cigarettes per adult per year	2,822 Ranked 2nd. Twice as much as Romania	1,404 Ranked 33th.
Crime > United States extradition treaties > Citation	43 Stat. 1886; TS 687; 5 Bevans 1086; 26 LNTS 27<br>49 Stat. 3250; TS 894; 5 Bevans 1103; 161 LNTS 409	44 Stat. 2020.<br>50 Stat. 1349.
Environment > Proportion of land area under protection	36.61% Ranked 21st. 96% more than Romania	18.71% Ranked 73th.
Media > Telecoms > Telephone lines per 1000	308.37 Ranked 53th. 41% more than Romania	219.44 Ranked 73th.
Health > Life expectancy > Women	77 years Ranked 51st.	78 years Ranked 44th. 1% more than Bulgaria
Economy > Exports > Main exports	Chemicals and plastics, food and drink, tobacco, machine-building equipment	Textiles and footwear, metal products, machinery, minerals
Geography > Natural hazards	earthquakes; landslides	most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides
Labor > Employment rate > Adults	46.3 Ranked 145th.	48.1 Ranked 138th. 4% more than Bulgaria
Government > Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; the pan-Slavic white-blue-red colors were modified by substituting a green band (representing freedom) for the blue	three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; modeled after the flag of France, the colors are those of the principalities of Walachia (red and yellow) and Moldavia (red and blue), which united in 1862 to form Romania; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in the yellow band has been removed
Culture > Food and drink > Fast food > McDonalds > First outlet date	December 10, 1994	June 16, 1995
Economy > Budget > Revenues per capita	$2,085.13 Ranked 57th.	$2,373.82 Ranked 52nd. 14% more than Bulgaria
Geography > Rural population density > Rural population per sq. km of arable land	73.18 people/kmÂ² of arable lan Ranked 61st.	107.85 people/kmÂ² of arable lan Ranked 54th. 47% more than Bulgaria
Geography > Maritime claims > Territorial sea	12 nautical mile Ranked 57th. The same as Romania	12 nautical mile Ranked 56th.
Labor > Expense > Current LCU	23.73 billion Ranked 81st.	196 billion Ranked 58th. 8 times more than Bulgaria
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Clean water	50 Ranked 26th.	57.02 Ranked 19th. 14% more than Bulgaria
Economy > Debt > External	$36.52 billion Ranked 65th.	$129.30 billion Ranked 42nd. 4 times more than Bulgaria
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 1 bedroom apartment > Outside city centre	$208.24 Ranked 110th.	$239.37 Ranked 101st. 15% more than Bulgaria
Economy > Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita	394.12$ Ranked 69th.	561.4$ Ranked 63th. 42% more than Bulgaria
Crime > Perceived problems > Illegal drugs	38.54 Ranked 65th. Twice as much as Romania	19.29 Ranked 89th.
Economy > Central bank discount rate	0.03% Ranked 52nd.	5.25% Ranked 22nd. 175 times more than Bulgaria
Media > Televisions	3.31 million Ranked 44th.	5.25 million Ranked 30th. 59% more than Bulgaria
Agriculture > Agricultural machinery > Tractors > Per capita	4.04 per 1,000 people Ranked 55th.	7.78 per 1,000 people Ranked 39th. 93% more than Bulgaria
Education > Secondary education, pupils	523,355 Ranked 72nd.	1.78 million Ranked 36th. 3 times more than Bulgaria
Media > Telephones > Main lines in use > Per capita	314.08 per 1,000 people Ranked 36th. 63% more than Romania	193.03 per 1,000 people Ranked 60th.
Crime > Suicide rates > Suicide rate (females	6.2 Ranked 1st. 68% more than Romania	3.7 Ranked 6th.
Education > College and university > Private school share	20.1% Ranked 59th.	31.31% Ranked 43th. 56% more than Bulgaria
Education > Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment	0.98 Ranked 86th. The same as Romania	0.98 Ranked 85th.
Education > School life expectancy > Total	12.7 years Ranked 41st. 9% more than Romania	11.6 years Ranked 50th.
Language > Linguistic diversity index	0.224 Ranked 133th. 33% more than Romania	0.168 Ranked 143th.
Economy > Debt > External > Per capita	$4,763.17 per capita Ranked 41st. 42% more than Romania	$3,346.19 per capita Ranked 50th.
Crime > Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery	85.71 Ranked 22nd. 13% more than Romania	75.62 Ranked 40th.
People > Marriage, divorce and children > Marriages per thousand people	2.9 Ranked 49th.	5.05 Ranked 27th. 74% more than Bulgaria
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Services	63.2% Ranked 68th. 7% more than Romania	59.2% Ranked 5th.
Media > Internet users > Per 100 people	34.72 Ranked 60th. 21% more than Romania	28.79 Ranked 74th.
Energy > Electricity > Production > Per capita	5,935.82 kWh per capita Ranked 22nd. 2 times more than Romania	2,614.91 kWh per capita Ranked 73th.
Transport > Road > Motorway density	82.24 m of motorway per square km Ranked 42nd. 3 times more than Romania	25.27 m of motorway per square km Ranked 73th.
Geography > Area > Land per 1000	14.5 sq km Ranked 90th. 35% more than Romania	10.71 sq km Ranked 109th.

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United Nations Statistics Division
; World Health Organization. Source tables; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/jsp/index.jsp).; Per Capita Beer Consumption by Country in 2012, Kirin Holdings Company. Table 3.; . Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; IISS (International Institute for Strategic Studies). 2001. The Military Balance 2001-2002. Oxford: Oxford University Press; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; Food and Agriculture Organisation, Production Yearbook and data files.; KPMG's Individual Income Tax and Social Security Rate Survey 2009 (www.kpmg.com), and PricewaterhouseCoopers's Worldwide Tax Summaries Online (www.pwc.com).; Wikipedia: List of United States extradition treaties; Angus Maddison; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; traffic; World economic forum - Global Competitiveness Report 2004-2005; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=FAO&f=itemCode%3a2051, Agriculture (PIN) +; Wikipedia: List of countries by road network size; United Nations World Statistics Pocketbook and Statistical Yearbook; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 25 March 2010.; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Mostly Table GPS-8 Part (i) ''Lifetime prevalence of drug use among all adults (aged 15 to 64 years old) in nationwide surveys among the general population'' EMCDDA (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction) unless otherwise referred on Wikipedia: Adult lifetime cannabis use by country; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; CIA World Factbook 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: Military of the European Union (The table) ("The 15 countries with the highest military expenditure in 2012 (table)" (PDF). Stockholm International Peace Research Institute . Retrieved 15 April 2013 .); German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ).; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; International Centre for Prison Studies - World Prison Brief; http://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/prices_by_city.jsp?displayCurrency=USD; adventiststatistics.org 2004 Annual Report 31 December 2004; http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/14/hdr2013_en_complete.pdf, United Nations Development Programme, 2013. Table 3, p. 152 ff.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; International Road Federation, World Road Statistics and data files.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of national legal systems (Civil law); http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a12, Abortion rate; Wikipedia: Table of World Heritage Sites by country (Table of World Heritage Sites); World Health Organization. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; World Values Survey 2005; World Chess Federation, 2006; Fifth Annual BSA and IDC Global Software Piracy Study; Wikipedia: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in France (Membership Statistics); The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of countries by rail transport network size (Long List); United Nations Population Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Source: Energy Statistics Database | United Nations Statistics Division. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; United Nations Statistics Division. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: Islam by country (Table) ("Muslim Population by Country" . The Future of the Global Muslim Population . Pew Research Center . Retrieved 22 December 2011 .); International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance.; IEA; UNESCO; International Religious Freedom Report 2004, U.S. State Department; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, April 2001; Wikipedia: List of countries by cigarette consumption per capita (List); United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database, and World Bank estimates. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Labour Organisation, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; Wikipedia: List of countries with McDonald's restaurants (Countries and territories with a McDonald's outlet); International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators.; CIA World Factbook, December 2003; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Wikipedia: Linguistic diversity index (Rankings by country) (UNESCO World Report – Investing in Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue); United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.

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