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Education Stats: compare key data on Croatia & Netherlands

Definitions

  • Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
  • Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
  • Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
  • High school enrolment rate: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • Homeschooling legal status: Legal status of homeschooling.
  • Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
  • Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
  • Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
  • Average IQ: Average IQ of different countries according to the controversial book "IQ and the Wealth of Nations".
  • Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • College and university > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
  • Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
  • Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Duration of compulsory education: Duration of compulsory education is the number of grades (or years) that a child must legally be enrolled in school.
  • Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • College and university > Private school share: Percentage of post-secondary students who attend a private school, college, or university.
  • School life expectancy > Total: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Primary education, teachers: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Primary education, pupils: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions.
  • Tertiary enrollment: Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary level is the sum of all tertiary level students enrolled at the start of the school year, expressed as a percentage of the mid-year population in the 5 year age group after the official secondary school leaving age.
  • Spending per student > College and university: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • High school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Compulsary education starting age: Age at which children must be enrolled in school.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Definition: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • High school > Upper secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the upper secondary (high school) level.
  • Literacy > Male: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Spending > USD: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment."
  • High school > Private school share: Percentage of secondary students who attend a private school.
  • Spending > Proportion: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. Expressed as a proportion of GNI."
  • Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Child care (preschool) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin pre-primary (preschool) education.
  • High school repeaters > Male: Repeaters in secondary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in secondary school."
  • Preschool enrollment rate: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Overall: Overall.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Elementary (primary school) > Duration: Number of years students study at the primary level.
  • Children out of school > Primary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Secondary education, teachers per 1000: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, teachers: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for pre-primary (preschool) education.
  • High school > Lower secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the lower secondary (middle school) level.
  • Children out of school, primary, male per 1000: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Spending per student > High school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Secondary education, general pupils: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • High school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for secondary level enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills: Overall.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Scientific and technical journal articles: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve: Access and retrieve.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female: Percentage of country's college and university professors that are female.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion: The number of students from a given country studying abroad in a given year, expressed as a percentage of total tertiary enrollment in that country. Ratios greater than 100 % are possible, because those currently studying abroad do not count towards total enrollment.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Scouting > Genders admitted: Admits boys/girls.
  • Elementary (primary school) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin primary education.
  • Children out of school, primary, male: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • High school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for all levels of secondary education.
  • Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
  • Spending per student > Elementary school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Secondary school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age (years). Entrance age of 2A lower secondary is the age at which students would enter lower secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • High school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age is the age at which students would enter secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
  • Primary education > Teachers > Per capita: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • High school > Population with at least high school education > Women: Population with at least high school education > Women.
  • Elementary school graduate rate: Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
  • Schools connected to the Internet: Schools connected to the Internet are the share of primary and secondary schools in the country that have access to the Internet.
  • Primary education, pupils per 1000: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, pupils per 1000: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years) is the number of grades (years) in secondary school."
  • Teacher student ratio > High school: Secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Children out of school > Primary per 1000: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Inequality adjusted index: Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index.
  • High school repeaters > Female: Repeaters in secondary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in secondary school."
  • Teacher student ratio > Elementary school: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Elementary school > Enrolled students: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • School enrolment rate > 1st grade: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
  • Secondary education, general pupils per 1000: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret: Integrate and interpret.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share: Percentage of primary students who attend a private school.
  • High school > Lower secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin lower secondary (middle school) education.
  • Elementary school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • High school enrolment rate > Female: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • Duration of education > Secondary level: Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (or years) in general secondary education.
  • Primary education > Pupils: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • High school > Population with at least high school education > Men: Gender Inequality Index.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for primary education.
  • Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for education that goes to school staff salaries.
  • Secondary education > Teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Scientific and technical journal articles per million: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts: Non-continuous texts.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts: Continuous texts.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Duration of education > Primary level: Duration of primary education is the number of grades (or years) in primary education.
  • Participation > Children out of school > Elementary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
  • Progression to secondary school: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate: Reflect and evaluate.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • High school > Upper secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin upper secondary (high school) education.
  • Elementary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
  • Elementary school repeaters > All: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • School life expectancy > Male: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Library books per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary level is the average number of pupils per teacher in primary education. Cross-country comparisons may be affected by such factors as the composition of teachers by part- and full-time employment.
  • Primary education > Teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Secondary education > Vocational pupils: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.
  • Private school enrolment > Primary level: Private sector enrolment share, primary level is the share of primary school pupils who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
  • Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
  • Secondary education > Pupils per 1000: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Primary education > Teachers per 1000: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Female enrolment share > Primary level: Girls' enrolment share, primary level is the number of girls enrolled in primary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in primary school.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
  • Primary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age (years). Entrance age of primary is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • Scouting > Members: Members of boy or girl scout groups which are members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM).
  • Enrolment ratio > Secondary level: Net enrolment ratio, secondary level, is the ratio of the number of children of official secondary school age enrolled in school to the number of children of official secondary school age in the population.
  • Participation > Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training."
  • Secondary education > General pupils per 1000: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education > Teachers per 1000: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Ratio of female to male primary enrollment: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Male: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index in primary, or elementary, school. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled. 
  • Female enrolment share > Secondary level: Girls' enrolment share, secondary level is the number of girls enrolled in secondary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in secondary school.
  • Private school enrolment > Secondary level: Private sector enrolment share, secondary level is the share of students in general secondary education who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Scouting > Members per thousand people: Membership (from 2012). Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • School life expectancy > Female: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Elementary school repeaters > Female: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • Elementary school repeaters > Male: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Elementary school teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • High school teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Homeschooling prevalance: Prevalence of homeschooling.
  • High school enrolment rate > Male: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • Participation > Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Primary education > Pupils per 1000: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Intake ratio to last grade of primary > Females: Number of female entrants in the last grade of primary education (regardless of age) expressed as a percentage of the female population at entrance age to the last grade.
  • Library employees per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • School enrollment > Primary > Private > % of total primary: Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organization, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise.
  • Unemployment with primary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Labor force with primary education, male > % of male labor force: Labor force with primary education, male (% of male labor force). Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils > % female: Secondary education, vocational pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Total secondary. Technical/vocational programmes is the number of female students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at the secondary education level expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at the secondary education level in a given school year.
  • School enrollment, secondary > % net: School enrollment, secondary (% net). Net enrolment rate. Secondary. All programmes. Total is the ratio of children of the official secondary school age who are enrolled in secondary school to the population of the official secondary school age.
  • Total enrollment, primary > % net: Total enrollment, primary (% net). Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
  • Total enrollment, primary, female > % net: Total enrollment, primary, female (% net). Adjusted net enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.
  • Repeaters, primary, total > % of total enrollment: Repeaters, primary, total (% of total enrollment). Percentage of repeaters in primary. All grades. Total is the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school. It is calculated by dividing the sum of repeaters in all grades of primary education by the total enrolment of primary education and multiplying the result by 100.
  • Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, male > % of relevant age group: Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, male (% of relevant age group). Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
  • School enrollment, primary, male > % gross: School enrollment, primary, male (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Primary. Male is the total male enrollment in primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the male population of official primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment, preprimary > % gross: School enrollment, preprimary (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Pre-primary. Total is the total enrollment in pre-primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of official pre-primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment, primary > % net: School enrollment, primary (% net). Net enrolment rate. Primary. Total is the ratio of children of the official primary school age who are enrolled in primary school to the total population of the official primary school age.
  • School enrollment, secondary > % gross: School enrollment, secondary (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Secondary. All programmes. Total is the total enrollment in secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of official secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment, secondary, private > % of total secondary: School enrollment, secondary, private (% of total secondary). Percentage of private enrolment. Secondary is the enrolment in private secondary schools expressed as a percentage of total enrolment (public and private) in secondary schools. 'Private' refers to all educational institutions not operated by a public authority, regardless of whether they receive financial support from public authorities. A high percentage indicates strong involvement of the non-governmental sector (including religious bodies, other organizations, associations, communities, private enterprises or persons) in providing organized educational programmes.
  • Progression to secondary school, male > %: Progression to secondary school, male (%). Transition from primary (ISCED 1) to secondary (ISCED 2), general programmes (%). Male is the number of new male entrants to the first grade of secondary education (general programmes only) in a given year, expressed as a percentage of the number of male pupils enrolled in the final grade of primary education in the previous year.
  • School enrollment, tertiary, female > % gross: School enrollment, tertiary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Tertiary (ISCED 5 and 6). Female is the total female enrollment in tertiary education (ISCED 5 and 6), regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving.
  • Expenditure per student, tertiary > % of GDP per capita: Expenditure per student, tertiary (% of GDP per capita). Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Tertiary is the total public expenditure per student in tertiary education as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
  • Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
  • Net intake rate in grade 1 > Female > % of official school-age population: Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age.
  • Primary completion rate > Female > % of relevant age group: Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. It is calculated by taking the total number of students in the last grade of primary school, minus the number of repeaters in that grade, divided by the total number of children of official graduation age.
  • Primary completion rate > Male > % of relevant age group: Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. It is calculated by taking the total number of students in the last grade of primary school, minus the number of repeaters in that grade, divided by the total number of children of official graduation age.
  • Progression to secondary school > Female: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • School enrollment > Primary > Male > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
  • School enrollment > Preprimary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment.
  • Persistence to grade 5 > Total > % of cohort: Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
  • Labor force with tertiary education, female > % of female labor force: Labor force with tertiary education, female (% of female labor force). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Labor force with primary education > % of total: Labor force with primary education (% of total). Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Labor force with secondary education, male > % of male labor force: Labor force with secondary education, male (% of male labor force). Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Labor force with secondary education > % of total: Labor force with secondary education (% of total). Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment: Unemployment with tertiary education (% of total unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Primary education > Pupils > % female: Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at primary level include enrollments in public and private schools.
  • Primary education > Pupils > Per capita: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Net intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of official school-age population: Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age.
  • Researchers in R&D > Per million people: Researchers in R&D (per million people). Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned. Postgraduate PhD students (ISCED97 level 6) engaged in R&D are included.
  • High school teachers > % female: Female teachers as a percentage of total secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Efficiency > Net intake rate in grade 1 > % of official school-age population: Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age."
  • Efficiency > Net intake rate in grade 1 > Female > % of official school-age population: Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age."
  • Elementary school graduate rate > Male: Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
  • Efficiency > Net intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of official school-age population: Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age."
  • Elementary school > Enrolled students > % female: Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at primary level include enrollments in public and private schools.
  • Elementary school teachers > % female: Female teachers as a percentage of total primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • School enrollment, tertiary, male > % gross: School enrollment, tertiary, male (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Tertiary (ISCED 5 and 6). Male is the total male enrollment in tertiary education (ISCED 5 and 6), regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving.
  • Participation > Secondary education > Vocational pupils > % female: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training."
  • Participation > Secondary education > Vocational pupils: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training."
  • Participation > Total enrollment > Primary > Male > % net: Total enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group."
  • Preschool enrollment rate > Female: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment."
  • Preschool enrollment rate > Male: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment."
  • School enrolment rate > 1st grade > Female: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
  • School enrolment rate > 1st grade > Male: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
  • Secondary education, teachers, female: Secondary education, teachers, female. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Female is the total number of female teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Repeaters, secondary, female > % of female enrollment: Repeaters, secondary, female (% of female enrollment). Percentage of repeaters in secondary. All grades. Female is the number of female students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all female students enrolled in secondary school. It is calculated by dividing the sum of female repeaters in all grades of secondary education by the total female enrolment of secondary education and multiplying the result by 100.
  • School enrollment, secondary, male > % net: School enrollment, secondary, male (% net). Net enrolment rate. Secondary. All programmes. Male is the ratio of male children of the official secondary school age who are enrolled in secondary school to the male population of the official secondary school age.
  • School enrollment, secondary, female > % gross: School enrollment, secondary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Secondary. All programmes. Female is the total female enrollment in secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • Literacy and Attainment > Educational attainment: completed tertiary > Tertiary > Population 25+ years > % > Over 24 year olds: Percentage of population older than 24 years that has completed tertiary education.
  • Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with secondary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
STAT
Croatia
Netherlands
HISTORY
Children out of school, primary 3,702
Ranked 87th. 5 times more than Netherlands
776
Ranked 107th.

Children out of school, primary per 1000 0.865
Ranked 90th. 19 times more than Netherlands
0.0465
Ranked 115th.

Children out of school, primary, female 947
Ranked 87th.
11,924
Ranked 61st. 13 times more than Croatia

College and university > Gender parity index 1.34
Ranked 44th. 19% more than Netherlands
1.12
Ranked 71st.

College and university > Share of total education spending 18.32%
Ranked 65th.
28.05%
Ranked 17th. 53% more than Croatia

Compulsary education duration 8
Ranked 144th.
13
Ranked 9th. 63% more than Croatia

Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP 4.31%
Ranked 68th.
5.96%
Ranked 29th. 38% more than Croatia

High school enrolment rate 99.55
Ranked 14th. 1% more than Netherlands
98.12
Ranked 32nd.
Homeschooling legal status Illegal, public education is mandatory without known exceptions. public education is mandatory, with some exceptions.
Literacy > Total population 98.5%
Ranked 37th.
99%
Ranked 29th. 1% more than Croatia

Primary education, duration > Years 4
Ranked 182nd.
6
Ranked 139th. 50% more than Croatia

Primary education, teachers per 1000 2.74
Ranked 119th.
4.15
Ranked 69th. 52% more than Croatia

Pupil-teacher ratio, primary 13.83
Ranked 100th.
18.36
Ranked 99th. 33% more than Croatia

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary 8
Ranked 96th.
13.57
Ranked 59th. 70% more than Croatia

Secondary education, duration > Years 8
Ranked 4th. 33% more than Netherlands
6
Ranked 160th.

Average IQ 90
Ranked 25th.
102
Ranked 5th. 13% more than Croatia
Literacy > Female 97.8%
Ranked 39th.
99%
Ranked 28th. 1% more than Croatia
Children out of school, primary, female per 1000 0.221
Ranked 94th.
0.729
Ranked 86th. 3 times more than Croatia

College and university > Gender ratio 122.28
Ranked 54th. 10% more than Netherlands
110.84
Ranked 57th.

Child care (preschool) > Duration 4
Ranked 5th. Twice as much as Netherlands
2
Ranked 186th.

Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita 8.29 per 1,000 people
Ranked 26th. 23% more than Netherlands
6.74 per 1,000 people
Ranked 46th.

Duration of compulsory education 8 years
Ranked 101st.
13 years
Ranked 5th. 63% more than Croatia
Secondary education, pupils 384,008
Ranked 82nd.
1.54 million
Ranked 40th. 4 times more than Croatia

College and university > Private school share 6.73%
Ranked 94th.
100%
Ranked 5th. 15 times more than Croatia

Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment 0.99
Ranked 50th. 1% more than Netherlands
0.98
Ranked 76th.

School life expectancy > Total 11.4 years
Ranked 57th.
15.9 years
Ranked 7th. 39% more than Croatia
Primary education, teachers 11,726
Ranked 87th.
63,872
Ranked 43th. 5 times more than Croatia

Primary education, pupils 162,186
Ranked 111th.
1.29 million
Ranked 62nd. 8 times more than Croatia

Tertiary enrollment 28.3%
Ranked 4th.
55%
Ranked 16th. 94% more than Croatia
Spending per student > College and university 26.78
Ranked 43th.
43.92
Ranked 26th. 64% more than Croatia

High school > Gender ratio 103.1
Ranked 47th. 5% more than Netherlands
98.2
Ranked 69th.

Compulsary education starting age 7
Ranked 8th. 40% more than Netherlands
5
Ranked 178th.

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million 1.87
Ranked 55th. 2 times more than Netherlands
0.813
Ranked 74th.

Literacy > Definition age 15 and over can read and write age 15 and over can read and write
High school > Upper secondary school duration 4
Ranked 10th. 33% more than Netherlands
3
Ranked 135th.

Literacy > Male 99.4%
Ranked 15th. About the same as Netherlands
99%
Ranked 38th.
Spending > USD 2.9 billion
Ranked 53th.
42.53 billion
Ranked 14th. 15 times more than Croatia

High school > Private school share 1.53%
Ranked 107th.
82.79%
Ranked 5th. 54 times more than Croatia

Spending > Proportion 4.34
Ranked 77th.
4.85
Ranked 53th. 12% more than Croatia

Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary 14.7
Ranked 85th.
17.17
Ranked 120th. 17% more than Croatia
Child care (preschool) > Starting age 3
Ranked 83th.
4
Ranked 58th. 33% more than Croatia

High school repeaters > Male 0.68
Ranked 83th.
5.53
Ranked 46th. 8 times more than Croatia

Preschool enrollment rate 98.58
Ranked 110th.
106.9
Ranked 53th. 8% more than Croatia

Tertiary > Students studying abroad 6,952.94
Ranked 93th.
13,388.96
Ranked 60th. 93% more than Croatia

Primary completion rate 91
Ranked 81st.
100
Ranked 41st. 10% more than Croatia

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level 121,722
Ranked 72nd.
526,767
Ranked 36th. 4 times more than Croatia

Literacy > Reading performance > Overall 476
Ranked 34th.
508
Ranked 8th. 7% more than Croatia
Elementary (primary school) > Duration 4
Ranked 192nd.
6
Ranked 147th. 50% more than Croatia

Children out of school > Primary 14,129
Ranked 64th. 2% more than Netherlands
13,817
Ranked 69th.

Secondary education, teachers per 1000 11.21
Ranked 6th. 65% more than Netherlands
6.79
Ranked 40th.

Secondary education, teachers 47,995
Ranked 40th.
113,370
Ranked 24th. 2 times more than Croatia

Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher 13.03
Ranked 77th.
15
Ranked 72nd. 15% more than Croatia

High school > Lower secondary school duration 4
Ranked 25th. 33% more than Netherlands
3
Ranked 180th.

Children out of school, primary, male per 1000 0.644
Ranked 81st. 2 times more than Netherlands
0.27
Ranked 96th.

Spending per student > High school 22.09
Ranked 35th.
25.41
Ranked 23th. 15% more than Croatia

Secondary education, general pupils 241,355
Ranked 98th.
790,048
Ranked 50th. 3 times more than Croatia

High school > Gender parity index 1.07
Ranked 26th. 8% more than Netherlands
0.988
Ranked 86th.

Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills 476
Ranked 34th.
508
Ranked 8th. 7% more than Croatia
Scientific and technical journal articles 845
Ranked 44th.
13,475
Ranked 13th. 16 times more than Croatia

Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve 492
Ranked 24th.
519
Ranked 6th. 5% more than Croatia
College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female 44%
Ranked 11th. 10% more than Netherlands
40%
Ranked 17th.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion 4.52%
Ranked 70th. 3 times more than Netherlands
1.72%
Ranked 98th.

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000 27.41
Ranked 57th.
32.62
Ranked 42nd. 19% more than Croatia

Scouting > Genders admitted both both
Elementary (primary school) > Starting age 7
Ranked 9th. 17% more than Netherlands
6
Ranked 171st.

Education expenditure of government > As percentage of total government 10%
Ranked 58th.
11.2%
Ranked 60th. 12% more than Croatia

Children out of school, primary, male 2,755
Ranked 73th.
4,421
Ranked 78th. 60% more than Croatia

Education expenditure of government > As percentage of GNI 4.9%
Ranked 57th.
5.5%
Ranked 39th. 12% more than Croatia

High school > Students per teacher 8
Ranked 99th.
13.57
Ranked 61st. 70% more than Croatia

Secondary education > General pupils 254,335
Ranked 103th.
672,103
Ranked 56th. 3 times more than Croatia

Spending per student > Elementary school 17.19
Ranked 40th.
17.76
Ranked 31st. 3% more than Croatia

Secondary school starting age > Years 11
Ranked 142nd.
12
Ranked 129th. 9% more than Croatia

High school starting age > Years 11
Ranked 126th.
12
Ranked 117th. 9% more than Croatia

Primary education > Teachers > Per capita 2.44 per 1,000 people
Ranked 142nd.
4.18 per 1,000 people
Ranked 80th. 71% more than Croatia
Education enrolment by level > Primary level 192,004
Ranked 126th.
1.29 million
Ranked 65th. 7 times more than Croatia

High school > Population with at least high school education > Women 57.4%
Ranked 74th.
87.5%
Ranked 30th. 52% more than Croatia

Elementary school graduate rate 99.81
Ranked 6th. 1% more than Netherlands
98.34
Ranked 19th.

Schools connected to the Internet 100%
Ranked 4th. 9% more than Netherlands
92%
Ranked 17th.
Primary education, pupils per 1000 37.89
Ranked 149th.
77.38
Ranked 98th. 2 times more than Croatia

Secondary education, pupils per 1000 89.71
Ranked 49th.
92.19
Ranked 42nd. 3% more than Croatia

Girls to boys ratio > Tertiary level enrolment 1.19
Ranked 61st. 10% more than Netherlands
1.08
Ranked 55th.

Girls to boys ratio > Secondary level enrolment 1.02
Ranked 68th. 4% more than Netherlands
0.98
Ranked 84th.

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita 27.39 per 1,000 people
Ranked 58th.
32.62 per 1,000 people
Ranked 42nd. 19% more than Croatia

Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people 1.62
Ranked 92nd. 2 times more than Netherlands
0.802
Ranked 124th.

Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years 8
Ranked 5th. 33% more than Netherlands
6
Ranked 141st.

Teacher student ratio > High school 9.3
Ranked 106th.
13.32
Ranked 72nd. 43% more than Croatia

Children out of school > Primary per 1000 3.18
Ranked 73th. 4 times more than Netherlands
0.849
Ranked 100th.

Inequality adjusted index 0.703
Ranked 42nd.
0.897
Ranked 8th. 28% more than Croatia
High school repeaters > Female 0.27
Ranked 86th.
3.92
Ranked 46th. 15 times more than Croatia

Teacher student ratio > Elementary school 16.69
Ranked 91st.
17.17
Ranked 108th. 3% more than Croatia

Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5 99.6%
Ranked 3rd. 1% more than Netherlands
98.3%
Ranked 18th.

Elementary school > Enrolled students 190,693
Ranked 121st.
1.29 million
Ranked 59th. 7 times more than Croatia

Primary education > Duration > Years 4 years
Ranked 171st.
6 years
Ranked 138th. 50% more than Croatia

Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $6,331.80
Ranked 14th.
$27,461.55
Ranked 7th. 4 times more than Croatia

School enrolment rate > 1st grade 94.17
Ranked 125th.
101.07
Ranked 64th. 7% more than Croatia

Secondary education, general pupils per 1000 56.38
Ranked 105th. 19% more than Netherlands
47.33
Ranked 130th.

Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret 472
Ranked 36th.
504
Ranked 8th. 7% more than Croatia
Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share 0.769%
Ranked 131st.
68.91%
Ranked 6th. 90 times more than Croatia

High school > Lower secondary starting age 11
Ranked 145th.
12
Ranked 132nd. 9% more than Croatia

Elementary school > Gender ratio 99.81
Ranked 36th. 2% more than Netherlands
98.18
Ranked 71st.

High school enrolment rate > Female 100
Ranked 3rd. The same as Netherlands
100
Ranked 11th.
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level 93%
Ranked 73th.
99%
Ranked 24th. 6% more than Croatia

Duration of education > Secondary level 8
Ranked 5th. 33% more than Netherlands
6
Ranked 135th.
Primary education > Pupils 192,004
Ranked 122nd.
1.28 million
Ranked 61st. 7 times more than Croatia

Secondary education > Pupils 399,845
Ranked 83th.
1.4 million
Ranked 40th. 3 times more than Croatia

High school > Population with at least high school education > Men 72.3%
Ranked 58th.
90.4%
Ranked 29th. 25% more than Croatia

Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita 89.99 per 1,000 people
Ranked 74th. 3% more than Netherlands
87.63 per 1,000 people
Ranked 79th.

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Tertiary level 53.19%
Ranked 60th. 4% more than Netherlands
51.01%
Ranked 74th.

Secondary education, vocational pupils 142,653
Ranked 45th.
748,850
Ranked 15th. 5 times more than Croatia

Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher 13.83
Ranked 102nd.
18.36
Ranked 97th. 33% more than Croatia

Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries 75.42%
Ranked 44th.
78.97%
Ranked 29th. 5% more than Croatia

Secondary education > Teachers 36,806
Ranked 69th.
109,661
Ranked 31st. 3 times more than Croatia

School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary 14 years
Ranked 38th.
16 years
Ranked 23th. 14% more than Croatia
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level 399,845
Ranked 89th.
1.42 million
Ranked 45th. 4 times more than Croatia

Scientific and technical journal articles per million 190.32
Ranked 30th.
830.49
Ranked 6th. 4 times more than Croatia

Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts 472
Ranked 33th.
514
Ranked 8th. 9% more than Croatia
Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts 478
Ranked 34th.
506
Ranked 8th. 6% more than Croatia
Duration of education > Primary level 4
Ranked 152nd.
6
Ranked 127th. 50% more than Croatia
Participation > Children out of school > Elementary 2,145
Ranked 111th.
12,705
Ranked 67th. 6 times more than Croatia

Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education 102.01%
Ranked 32nd. 4% more than Netherlands
98.19%
Ranked 76th.

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Primary level 48.63%
Ranked 66th. 1% more than Netherlands
48.22%
Ranked 103th.

Progression to secondary school 99.9%
Ranked 4th. 2% more than Netherlands
98.12%
Ranked 35th.
Children out of school > Primary > Per capita 3.18 per 1,000 people
Ranked 74th. 4 times more than Netherlands
0.849 per 1,000 people
Ranked 102nd.

Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate 471
Ranked 33th.
510
Ranked 9th. 8% more than Croatia
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Women 93%
Ranked 73th.
98%
Ranked 36th. 5% more than Croatia

High school > Upper secondary starting age 15
Ranked 78th. The same as Netherlands
15
Ranked 162nd.

Elementary school starting age > Years 7
Ranked 11th. 17% more than Netherlands
6
Ranked 149th.

Library books 2.51 million
Ranked 23th.
2.66 million
Ranked 6th. 6% more than Croatia
Elementary school repeaters > All 0.29
Ranked 120th.
2.18
Ranked 67th. 8 times more than Croatia

School life expectancy > Male 11.3 years
Ranked 57th.
16 years
Ranked 5th. 42% more than Croatia
Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita 57.26 per 1,000 people
Ranked 117th. 39% more than Netherlands
41.28 per 1,000 people
Ranked 136th.

Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita 0.043 per capita
Ranked 159th.
0.08 per capita
Ranked 125th. 86% more than Croatia

Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000 43.24
Ranked 163th.
79.92
Ranked 125th. 85% more than Croatia

Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Men 93%
Ranked 76th.
99%
Ranked 30th. 6% more than Croatia

Library books per 1000 550.14
Ranked 17th. 3 times more than Netherlands
169.09
Ranked 4th.
Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level 18.3
Ranked 97th. 87% more than Netherlands
9.8
Ranked 135th.
Primary education > Teachers 10,832
Ranked 104th.
63,022
Ranked 49th. 6 times more than Croatia
Secondary education > Vocational pupils 145,510
Ranked 45th.
724,593
Ranked 16th. 5 times more than Croatia

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Secondary level 49.33%
Ranked 77th. 2% more than Netherlands
48.55%
Ranked 96th.

Private school enrolment > Primary level 0.2
Ranked 94th.
68.4
Ranked 3rd. 342 times more than Croatia
Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years 4
Ranked 159th.
6
Ranked 127th. 50% more than Croatia

Library employees 278.5
Ranked 24th. 11% more than Netherlands
250
Ranked 6th.
Secondary education > Pupils per 1000 90.06
Ranked 67th. 5% more than Netherlands
85.78
Ranked 65th.

Primary education > Teachers per 1000 2.44
Ranked 141st.
4.18
Ranked 82nd. 71% more than Croatia
Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita 1.63 per 1,000 people
Ranked 70th. 2 times more than Netherlands
0.68 per 1,000 people
Ranked 92nd.

Female enrolment share > Primary level 48.5%
Ranked 69th. About the same as Netherlands
48.3%
Ranked 91st.
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ $27.02 billion
Ranked 32nd.
$456.28 billion
Ranked 14th. 17 times more than Croatia

Primary school starting age > Years 7
Ranked 9th. 17% more than Netherlands
6
Ranked 169th.

Scouting > Members 3,155
Ranked 111th.
47,655
Ranked 27th. 15 times more than Croatia
Enrolment ratio > Secondary level 66%
Ranked 3rd.
89.9%
Ranked 11th. 36% more than Croatia
Participation > Secondary education > General pupils 243,086
Ranked 103th.
775,682
Ranked 49th. 3 times more than Croatia

Secondary education > General pupils per 1000 57.28
Ranked 115th. 39% more than Netherlands
41.28
Ranked 134th.

Secondary education > Teachers per 1000 8.29
Ranked 26th. 23% more than Netherlands
6.74
Ranked 46th.

Ratio of female to male primary enrollment 99.27
Ranked 48th. 2% more than Netherlands
97.43
Ranked 90th.

Children out of school > Primary > Male 6,895
Ranked 64th. 3 times more than Netherlands
2,740
Ranked 81st.

Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index 1
Ranked 42nd. 1% more than Netherlands
0.991
Ranked 71st.

Female enrolment share > Secondary level 49.7%
Ranked 55th. 3% more than Netherlands
48.1%
Ranked 90th.
Private school enrolment > Secondary level 0.9
Ranked 82nd.
75.1
Ranked 5th. 83 times more than Croatia
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000 90.06
Ranked 73th. 3% more than Netherlands
87.63
Ranked 81st.

Scouting > Members per thousand people 0.739
Ranked 101st.
2.84
Ranked 50th. 4 times more than Croatia
Primary completion rate > Women 91
Ranked 80th.
99
Ranked 43th. 9% more than Croatia

School life expectancy > Female 11.5 years
Ranked 52nd.
15.8 years
Ranked 10th. 37% more than Croatia
Elementary school repeaters > Female 0.24
Ranked 118th.
1.77
Ranked 55th. 7 times more than Croatia

Elementary school repeaters > Male 0.34
Ranked 118th.
2.58
Ranked 54th. 8 times more than Croatia

Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5 > Men 99.1%
Ranked 9th. About the same as Netherlands
98.8%
Ranked 10th.

Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita 1.55 per 1,000 people
Ranked 75th. 9 times more than Netherlands
0.168 per 1,000 people
Ranked 106th.

Elementary school teachers 11,423
Ranked 96th.
79,000
Ranked 22nd. 7 times more than Croatia

High school teachers 42,261
Ranked 55th.
108,440
Ranked 29th. 3 times more than Croatia

Homeschooling prevalance Virtually no homeschooling* Around 400 children exempt*
High school enrolment rate > Male 99.13
Ranked 21st. 3% more than Netherlands
96.36
Ranked 38th.
Participation > Secondary education > Pupils 399,845
Ranked 84th.
1.41 million
Ranked 37th. 4 times more than Croatia

Primary completion rate > Men 92
Ranked 74th.
101
Ranked 33th. 10% more than Croatia

Primary education > Pupils per 1000 43.24
Ranked 164th.
78.8
Ranked 120th. 82% more than Croatia

Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment 101.58
Ranked 73th. 3% more than Netherlands
98.37
Ranked 90th.

Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita 90.02 per 1,000 people
Ranked 67th. 5% more than Netherlands
85.78 per 1,000 people
Ranked 66th.

Intake ratio to last grade of primary > Females None
None

Library employees per million 61.16
Ranked 15th. 4 times more than Netherlands
15.92
Ranked 2nd.
School enrollment > Primary > Private > % of total primary 0.18%
Ranked 132nd.
68.91%
Ranked 6th. 383 times more than Croatia

Unemployment with primary education > Female > % of female unemployment 21.9%
Ranked 20th.
45.3%
Ranked 14th. 2 times more than Croatia

Labor force with primary education, male > % of male labor force 13.1%
Ranked 37th.
26.6%
Ranked 14th. 2 times more than Croatia

Secondary education, vocational pupils > % female 46.66%
Ranked 29th. 1% more than Netherlands
46.39%
Ranked 31st.

School enrollment, secondary > % net 93.16%
Ranked 13th. 4% more than Netherlands
89.19%
Ranked 28th.

Total enrollment, primary > % net 97.85%
Ranked 37th.
99.94%
Ranked 2nd. 2% more than Croatia

Total enrollment, primary, female > % net 98.87%
Ranked 14th. 1% more than Netherlands
97.95%
Ranked 24th.

Repeaters, primary, total > % of total enrollment 0.272%
Ranked 105th.
2.18%
Ranked 69th. 8 times more than Croatia

Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, male > % of relevant age group 96.54%
Ranked 102nd.
98.42%
Ranked 103th. 2% more than Croatia

School enrollment, primary, male > % gross 94.67%
Ranked 128th.
108.14%
Ranked 51st. 14% more than Croatia

School enrollment, preprimary > % gross 64.12%
Ranked 70th.
89.78%
Ranked 36th. 40% more than Croatia

School enrollment, primary > % net 88.43%
Ranked 83th.
99.67%
Ranked 5th. 13% more than Croatia

School enrollment, secondary > % gross 97.96%
Ranked 36th.
128.42%
Ranked 3rd. 31% more than Croatia

School enrollment, secondary, private > % of total secondary 1.53%
Ranked 105th.
82.79%
Ranked 5th. 54 times more than Croatia

Progression to secondary school, male > % 99.03%
Ranked 20th. 35% more than Netherlands
73.13%
Ranked 19th.

School enrollment, tertiary, female > % gross 68.81%
Ranked 30th.
80.52%
Ranked 19th. 17% more than Croatia

Expenditure per student, tertiary > % of GDP per capita 23.26%
Ranked 62nd.
42.67%
Ranked 29th. 83% more than Croatia

Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education 103.63%
Ranked 60th. 4% more than Netherlands
99.32%
Ranked 85th.

Net intake rate in grade 1 > Female > % of official school-age population 69.63%
Ranked 39th.
96.66%
Ranked 4th. 39% more than Croatia

Primary completion rate > Female > % of relevant age group 91.12%
Ranked 78th.
98.9%
Ranked 40th. 9% more than Croatia

Primary completion rate > Male > % of relevant age group 91.98%
Ranked 75th.
100.85%
Ranked 31st. 10% more than Croatia

Progression to secondary school > Female 100%
Ranked 6th. The same as Netherlands
100%
Ranked 12th.
School enrollment > Primary > Male > % gross 94.75% gross
Ranked 139th.
108.79% gross
Ranked 57th. 15% more than Croatia

School enrollment > Preprimary > Female > % gross 45.95% gross
Ranked 81st.
87.96% gross
Ranked 31st. 91% more than Croatia

Persistence to grade 5 > Total > % of cohort 99.5%
Ranked 7th.
99.63%
Ranked 9th. About the same as Croatia

Labor force with tertiary education, female > % of female labor force 25.6%
Ranked 33th.
32.8%
Ranked 21st. 28% more than Croatia

Labor force with primary education > % of total 14.6%
Ranked 37th.
25.3%
Ranked 15th. 73% more than Croatia

Labor force with secondary education, male > % of male labor force 68.3%
Ranked 6th. 69% more than Netherlands
40.4%
Ranked 34th.

Labor force with secondary education > % of total 63.5%
Ranked 7th. 54% more than Netherlands
41.2%
Ranked 33th.

Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment 10.9%
Ranked 71st.
18.7%
Ranked 42nd. 72% more than Croatia

Primary education > Pupils > % female 48.63% female
Ranked 61st. 1% more than Netherlands
48.16% female
Ranked 101st.

Primary education > Pupils > Per capita 0.043 per capita
Ranked 166th.
0.079 per capita
Ranked 123th. 84% more than Croatia

Net intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of official school-age population 73.09%
Ranked 34th.
98.36%
Ranked 3rd. 35% more than Croatia

Researchers in R&D > Per million people 1,613.32
Ranked 26th.
3,134.05
Ranked 14th. 94% more than Croatia

High school teachers > % female 67.93%
Ranked 23th. 46% more than Netherlands
46.38%
Ranked 81st.

Efficiency > Net intake rate in grade 1 > % of official school-age population 71.09%
Ranked 26th.
97.29%
Ranked 4th. 37% more than Croatia

Efficiency > Net intake rate in grade 1 > Female > % of official school-age population 69.35%
Ranked 30th.
96.33%
Ranked 6th. 39% more than Croatia

Elementary school graduate rate > Male 99.63
Ranked 8th. 1% more than Netherlands
98.83
Ranked 10th.

Efficiency > Net intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of official school-age population 72.73%
Ranked 25th.
98.21%
Ranked 5th. 35% more than Croatia

Elementary school > Enrolled students > % female 48.69%
Ranked 56th. 1% more than Netherlands
48.34%
Ranked 84th.

Elementary school teachers > % female 91.11%
Ranked 18th. 40% more than Netherlands
65.19%
Ranked 35th.

School enrollment, tertiary, male > % gross 49.2%
Ranked 39th.
72.45%
Ranked 6th. 47% more than Croatia

Participation > Secondary education > Vocational pupils > % female 46.56%
Ranked 36th. 1% more than Netherlands
45.95%
Ranked 32nd.

Participation > Secondary education > Vocational pupils 149,866
Ranked 43th.
684,821
Ranked 14th. 5 times more than Croatia

Participation > Total enrollment > Primary > Male > % net 97.94%
Ranked 22nd.
99.32%
Ranked 9th. 1% more than Croatia

Preschool enrollment rate > Female 50.2
Ranked 78th.
100.11
Ranked 17th. Twice as much as Croatia

Preschool enrollment rate > Male 51.98
Ranked 76th.
100.49
Ranked 18th. 93% more than Croatia

School enrolment rate > 1st grade > Female 93.83
Ranked 121st.
101.02
Ranked 64th. 8% more than Croatia

School enrolment rate > 1st grade > Male 94.49
Ranked 122nd.
101.13
Ranked 67th. 7% more than Croatia

Secondary education, teachers, female 33,183
Ranked 33th.
55,736
Ranked 21st. 68% more than Croatia

Repeaters, secondary, female > % of female enrollment 0.373%
Ranked 94th.
4.64%
Ranked 47th. 12 times more than Croatia

School enrollment, secondary, male > % net 91.86%
Ranked 16th. 4% more than Netherlands
88.53%
Ranked 26th.

School enrollment, secondary, female > % gross 99.89%
Ranked 33th.
127.62%
Ranked 3rd. 28% more than Croatia

Literacy and Attainment > Educational attainment: completed tertiary > Tertiary > Population 25+ years > % > Over 24 year olds 18.26%
Ranked 11th.
29.02%
Ranked 12th. 59% more than Croatia
Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment 67.6%
Ranked 7th. 92% more than Netherlands
35.2%
Ranked 63th.

SOURCES: UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeschooling_international_status_and_statistics; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Lynn, R. and Vanhanen, T. (2002). IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-97510-X; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Development Indicators database; UNESCO; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's Statistical Yearbook, and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics online database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of countries by student performance (Reading); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members (Table of World Organization of the Scout Movement members); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank national accounts data; "WOSM MEMBERSHIP as at 31st December 2012". World Organization of the Scout Movement. August 2013.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members (Table of World Organization of the Scout Movement members) ("WOSM MEMBERSHIP as at 31st December 2012" . World Organization of the Scout Movement . Retrieved 2014-03-03 .). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a91, Gross intake ratio to last grade of primary; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=UNESCO&f=series%3aEA_56_Ag25t99, Educational attainment: completed tertiary

Citation

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