Environment Stats: compare key data on Canada & Japan

Definitions

Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
CO2 Emissions per 1000: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.
Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
Ecological footprint: Ecological footprint per capita
Units: Hectares per Person
Marine fish catch: Total marine fish catch
Units: Metric Tons
Municipal waste generation: Kilograms of municipal waste generated per year (2000).
Pollution perceptions > Air pollution: Air Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the quality of air in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution perceptions > Air quality: Air quality. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the quality of air in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution perceptions > Clean water: Water Quality. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you concerned with the water pollution in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution perceptions > Drinking water pollution: Drinking Water Pollution and Inaccessibility. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How do you find quality and the accessibility of drinking water?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution perceptions > Water pollution: Water Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you concerned with the water pollution in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Proportion of land area under protection: Terrestrial areas protected to total surface area, percentage.
Transport CO2 emission index: CO2 Emission Index is an estimation of CO2 consumption due to traffic time. Measurement unit is grams for the return trip. To calculate an average estimation of emission in grams for one way commute to work, divide this value with 2.
Waste generation: Kilograms of waste generated per person per year ( 2000).
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons per million: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Water > Freshwater pollution: Industrial organic pollutants per available freshwater
Units: Metric Tons of BOD Emissions per Cubic Km of Water
Units: Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants. The data from the World Bank, which represented BOD emissions (kilograms per day) were normalized by the combination of water availability per capita and water inflow availability per capita from the WaterGap2.1 model. In calculating the ESI, the base-10 logarithm of this variable was used.
Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Municipal waste generation per million: Kilograms of municipal waste generated per year (2000). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Water pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day: Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Waste > Local garbage collected: Municipal waste collected.
Marine fish catch per 1000: Total marine fish catch
Units: Metric Tons. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Water > Severe water stress: Percent of country's territory under severe water stress
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: This data is derived from the WaterGap 2.1 gridded hydrological model developed by the Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Germany. The modellers derived, for each country, grid cell by grid cell estimates of whether the water consumption exceeds 40 percent of the water available in that particular grid cell. These were then converted to land area equivalents in order to calculate the percentage of the territory under severe water stress.
CFC > Consumption: CFC consumption
Units: Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) Tons (Metric Tons x ODP)
Units: The indicator was obtained by multiplying the Total CFCs emissions (metric tons per ozone depletion potential) with the Per capita CFCs emissions (obtained by dividing the total CFCs emissions by the population in 1997). In calculating the ESI, the base-10 logarithm of this variable was used.
Pollution perceptions > Noise and light pollution: Noise and Light Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How concerned are you with noise pollution and light during the night in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Endangered species > Mammal species > Number: Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened: Mammal species, threatened. Mammal species are mammals excluding whales and porpoises. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Pollution perceptions > Drinking water quality: Drinking Water Quality and Accessibility. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How do you find quality and the accessibility of drinking water?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Pollution perceptions > Pollution index: Pollution Index is an estimation of the overall pollution in the city. The biggest weight is given to air pollution, than to water pollution/accessibility, two main pollution factors. Small weight is given to other pollution types.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, total.
National parks > Number of parks: Number of parks.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita: CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened: Bird species, threatened. Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Carbon efficiency: Carbon economic efficiency (CO2 emissions per dollar GDP)
Units: Metric Tons/US Dollar GDP
CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Endangered species > Bird species: Birds are listed for countries included within their breeding or wintering ranges. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
National parks > Proportion of country area: Country area.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
SO2 emissions per populated area: SO2 emissions per populated land area
Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
Waste > Local garbage collected per thousand people: Municipal waste collected. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened: Fish species, threatened. Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Waste generation per million: Kilograms of waste generated per person per year ( 2000). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Endangered species > Fish species > Number: Fish species are based on Froese, R. and Pauly, D. (eds). 2008. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day: Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions (kg per day). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Pollution perceptions > Waste management dissatisfaction: Dissatisfaction with Garbage Disposal. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with a garbage disposal in the city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution > Climate change > Agrees climate change is caused by human activity: Percentage of population who responded yes when asked if they believed global warming was a result of human activities. In this survey, global warming refers to the current rise in earth's temperature and not climate change as a whole.
Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number: Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known."
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons.
NOx emissions per populated area: NOx emissions per populated land area
Units: 1000 Metric Tons/Sq. Km. of Populated Land Area
Units: We obtained the total emissions for each country by summarizing emissions data, originally available as a grid map with 1 degree x 1 degree cells. Air pollution is generally greatest in densely populated areas. To take this into account, we used the Gridded Population of the World dataset available from CIESIN and calculated the total land area in each country inhabited with a population density of greater than 5 persons per sq. km. We then used this land area as a denominator for the emissions data.
Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration: Dissolved oxygen concentration
Units: Milligrams/Liter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Forest area > Sq. km: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: CO2 emissions (kg per 2000 US$ of GDP). Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, total.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Pollution perceptions > Clean, tidy cities: Clean and Tidy. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Do you find city clean and tidy?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people: Consumption of all Ozone-Depleting Substances in ODP metric tons. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Water > Availability: Water availability per capita (1961-1990 (avg.))
Units: Thousands Cubic Meters/Person
Units: This variable measures internal renewable water (average annual surface runoff and groundwater recharge generated from endogenous precipitation)
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, rural.
Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened: Plant species (higher), threatened. Higher plants are native vascular plant species. Threatened species are the number of species classified by the IUCN as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known.
Threatened species: Number of Threatened Species (1990-99)
Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Waste > Population served by local garbage collection: Total population served by municipal waste collection.
National parks > Total area: Total area km².
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Biodiversity > Number: GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential)."
Adjusted net national income > Current US$: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
Pollution > Climate change > Climate change awareness: Percentage of each country's population who claimed knowing "something" or a "great deal" about climate change when asked: "How much do you know about global warming or climate change?"
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Emissions (CO2 equivalent): Carbon dioxide equivalent of all greenhouse gas emissions not including human-based land use, land use change and forestry. These numbers do not represent total greenhouse gas emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change.
Pollution perceptions > Urban comfort > Low pollution: Comfortable to Spend Time in the City. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you feeling comfortable to spend time in the city because of the pollution?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
CFC > Consumption per 1000: CFC consumption
Units: Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) Tons (Metric Tons x ODP)
Units: The indicator was obtained by multiplying the Total CFCs emissions (metric tons per ozone depletion potential) with the Per capita CFCs emissions (obtained by dividing the total CFCs emissions by the population in 1997). In calculating the ESI, the base-10 logarithm of this variable was used. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Carbon dioxide emissions per capita > Percent total: Data for 2006, 2007
Protected area: Environmentally protected area (1997)
Pollution perceptions > Dirty, untidy cities: Dirty and Untidy. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Do you find city clean and tidy?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential).
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Pollution > Carbon Dioxide from fossil fuels 2000: Includes carbon dioxide emissions from the consumption of petroleum, natural gas, and coal, and the flaring of natural gas.
Pollution perceptions > Free of noise and light pollution: Quiet and No Problem with Night Lights. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How concerned are you with noise pollution and light during the night in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country.
Acidification: Percentage of country with acidification excedence
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: From a map of acidification excedence, all areas at risk within each country were added together in order to calculate the percentage of the entire country at risk of excedence. See pages 21-22 of the 2001 ESI report for more details on how the acidification excedence map was produced.
Emissions > Methane emissions > Kt of CO2 equivalent: Methane emissions are those stemming from human activities such as agriculture and from industrial methane production.
Pollution > Nuclear waste: Wastes from spent fuel arising in nuclear power plants, measured in terms of heavy metal. Data for 1998 or latest available year.
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry per capita: Water supplied annually, where losses during transportation have been subtracted. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters: Renewable internal freshwater resources flows refer to internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country. Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita are calculated using the World Bank's population estimates.
Pollution > PM10, country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: PM10, country level (micrograms per cubic meter). Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
Wetlands of intl importance > Area: Wetlands of international importance 2002
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.
Proportion of land and marine area under protection: Terrestrial and marine areas protected to total territorial area, percentage.
Endangered species protection: Percent of CITES reporting requirements met
Units: Percent of Requirements Met
Units: Countries that have not ratified the CITES convention are recorded as having zero percent of their requirements met.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from other sectors, less residential buildings and commercial and public services, contains the emissions from commercial/institutional activities, residential, agriculture/forestry, fishing and other emissions not specified elsewhere that are included in the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 4 and 1 A 5. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the category also includes emissions from autoproducers in the commercial/residential/agricultural sectors that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers).
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per million people: Carbon dioxide equivalent of sulphur hexafluoride emissions over 100 years. These numbers do not represent total SF6 emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of SF6 emitted over 100 years. A 100 year time scale is used since SF6 has a shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Pollution perceptions > Urban discomfort from pollution: Dissatisfaction to Spend Time in the City. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you feeling comfortable to spend time in the city because of the pollution?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million: GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum). GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative biodiversity potential for each country based on the species represented in each country, their threat status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Pollution > Carbon Dioxide per capita: Tons of Carbon Dioxide produced per capita in 1998 or latest available year. Carbon dioxide from energy use only. Excludes international marine bunkers.
Water > Population connected to wastewater treatment: Population connected to wastewater treatment.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, urban.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
Commitment to Development Index (environment): The Commitment to Development Index (CDI) ranks the world’s richest countries on their commitment to policies that benefit the poorer nations. The environment component of the index measures what these countries do to reduce their use of scarce natural resources. The score goes up if their "greenhouse gas" emissions are falling, their fuel taxes are high, do not subsidize the fishing industry, or have a low fossil fuel rate per capita.
Municipal waste treatment expenditure per million: Annual spending on municipal waste disposal (USD per person). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Carbon dioxide (CO2) > CO2 emissions: Amount of carbon dioxide emissions by select Western countries. Amounts are by thousand metric tons.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Methane (CH4) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent): Carbon dioxide equivalent of methane emissions not including human-based land use, land use change and forestry. These numbers do not represent total methane emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the amount of methane emitted, which is 21 times more CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent): Carbon dioxide equivalent of sulphur hexafluoride emissions over 100 years. These numbers do not represent total SF6 emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of SF6 emitted over 100 years. A 100 year time scale is used since SF6 has a shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Methane (CH4) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per thousand people: Carbon dioxide equivalent of methane emissions not including human-based land use, land use change and forestry. These numbers do not represent total methane emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the amount of methane emitted, which is 21 times more CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Carbon dioxide (CO2) > CO2 emissions per thousand people: Amount of carbon dioxide emissions by select Western countries. Amounts are by thousand metric tons. . Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Pollution perceptions > Waste management satisfaction: Garbage Disposal Satisfaction. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with a garbage disposal in the city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Pollution > Carbon Dioxide from fossil fuels 2000 per million: Includes carbon dioxide emissions from the consumption of petroleum, natural gas, and coal, and the flaring of natural gas. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Pollution > Climate change > Perceived as threat: Percentage of country's population that perceives climate change as a threat. Results are from a 2008 Gallop Poll.
Emissions > Nitrous oxide emissions > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Nitrous oxide emissions are emissions from agricultural biomass burning, industrial activities, and livestock management."
Wildness: Percent of land area having very low anthropogenic impact
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
Biosphere > Reserves area: Biosphere reserves area 2002.
Forest area > Sq. km per 1000: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Threatened species > Mammal: Number of threatened mammal species (1997)
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to households per capita: Water supplied annually to households, where losses during transportation have been subtracted. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Water > Population supplied by water supply industry: Total population supplied by water supply industry.
World Heritage Sites (environmental): Natural sites.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Known mammal species: Known mammal species (1992-2002).
Municipal waste treatment expenditure: Annual spending on municipal waste disposal (USD per person).
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99.
Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker: Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions (kg per day per worker). Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > Billion cubic meters: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2).
Breeding birds threatened: Percentage of breeding birds threatened
Units: Percent of Breeding Birds
Units: The number of bird species threatened divided by known bird species in the country, expressed as a percentage.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent per million: Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent). Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, urban.
Emissions > Other greenhouse gas emissions > HFC > PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride."
Urban SO2 concentration: Urban SO2 concentration
Units: Micrograms/m3
Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Nitrous oxide (N2O) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per million people: Carbon dioxide equivalent of nitrous oxide emissions not including human-based land use, land use change and forestry. These numbers do not represent total NO2 emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of NO2 emitted, which is 310 times more CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > Current US$: Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production.
Pollution > Nuclear waste efficiency: This is the amount of nuclear waste produced per unit of energy obtained. Energy obtained is measured in units equivalent to the energy obtained from using one million tons of oil. Data from 1998 or latest available year. "Nuclear Waste" is waste from spent fuel arising in nuclear power plants, measured in terms of heavy metal.
Sustainability-satisfying companies: Dow Jones Sustainability Group Index: percent of eligible companies in index
Units: Percentage
Units: For each country, the number of companies in the Sustainability Index was divided by the number of companies in the Global Index.
Marine areas under protection: Protected marine areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003)
Water > Population connected to wastewater collecting system: Population connected to wastewater collecting system.
Water > Proportion of marine area under protection: Marine areas protected to territorial waters, percentage.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > Current US$: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage."
Environmental agreement compliance: Compliance with environmental agreements (WEF survey)
Units: Survey Responses Ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 7
Units: Response to the statement: "Compliance with international environmental agreements is a high priority.
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000: 1999 total CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, cement production, and gas flaring. Emissions are expressed in thousand metric tons of carbon (not CO2). Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Pollution > Nuclear waste per million: Wastes from spent fuel arising in nuclear power plants, measured in terms of heavy metal. Data for 1998 or latest available year. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a country's technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations."
Known mammal species per million: Known mammal species (1992-2002). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Wetlands of intl importance > Area per million: Wetlands of international importance 2002. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Areas under protection per million: Protected Areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Water > Salinisation: Electrical conductivity
Units: Micro-Siemens/Centimeter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of water bodies; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system.
Pollution > Carbon Dioxide from fossil fuels 2000 > Per $ GDP: Includes carbon dioxide emissions from the consumption of petroleum, natural gas, and coal, and the flaring of natural gas. Per $ GDP figures expressed per $100 million of Gross Domestic Product.
Kyoto Protocol signatories > Signed and ratified > Date: Date different countries signed the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol is an international environmental treaty drafted at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1997 in Kyoto Japan. The protocol mandates signatory countries to commit themselves to reducing carbon dioxide emission. At present, there are 37 countries that have signed and ratified the protocol.
Marine areas under protection per million: Protected marine areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Areas under protection: Protected Areas under IUCN management categories I - VI (1992-2003)
Biosphere > Reserves area per million: Biosphere reserves area 2002. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Fertiliser > Consumption: Fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land
Units: Hundreds Grams/Hectare of Arable Land
Urban NO2 concentration: Urban NO2 concentration
Units: Micrograms/m3
Units: The values were originally collected at the city level. Each nation varied in terms of the number of cities reported, so this data should be used with some caution. Within each country the values have been normalized by city population for the year 1995, then added together to obtain the total concentration for the given country.
Non-wildness: Percent of land area having very high anthropogenic impact
Units: Percent of Land Area
Units: Global grids for population (GPW), land use (USGS AVHRR based classification from EROS data center), VMAP roads, VMAP railways, VMAP coastlines, VMAP major rivers and the stable lights data were all scored for "wildness". The scores were aggregated and normalized.
Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI: Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted.
Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters: Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters). Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
Kyoto Protocol signatories > Signed and ratified > % for ratification: Percentage reduction of greenhouse gases emission committed to by each of the 37 countries who signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol.The Kyoto Protocol is an international environmental treaty drafted at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1997 in Kyoto Japan. The protocol mandates signatory countries to commit themselves to reducing carbon dioxide emission. At present, there are 37 countries that have signed and ratified the protocol.
Known breeding bird species: Known breeding bird mammal species (1992-2002).
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Gross savings > % of GNI: Gross savings are the difference between gross national income and public and private consumption, plus net current transfers."
Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (current US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Natural gas rents > % of GDP: Natural gas rents (% of GDP). Natural gas rents are the difference between the value of natural gas production at world prices and total costs of production.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > % of GNI: Mineral depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It refers to bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, zinc, gold, and silver."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > Current US$: Particulate emissions damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to avoid mortality attributable to particulate emissions.
Emissions > Agricultural methane emissions > % of total: Agricultural methane emissions are emissions from animals, animal waste, rice production, agricultural waste burning (nonenergy, on-site), and savannah burning."
Water pollution > Clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: stone, ceramics, and glass (36). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Emissions > Industrial methane emissions > % of total: Industrial methane emissions are emissions from the handling, transmission, and combustion of fossil fuels and biofuels."
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Domestic > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Industry > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for industry are total withdrawals for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Water pollution > Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Oil rents > % of GDP: Oil rents (% of GDP). Oil rents are the difference between the value of crude oil production at world prices and total costs of production.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent): Carbon dioxide equivalent of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) emissions over a 100 year period. These numbers do not represent total HFCs emissions over 100 years, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of HFCs emitted over 100 years. A 100 year timeframe is used since HFCs have a shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change.
Pollution > Water pollution, clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, clay and glass industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: stone, ceramics, and glass (36). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Agriculture > % of total freshwater withdrawal: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
Water pollution > Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Nitrous oxide (N2O) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent): Carbon dioxide equivalent of nitrous oxide emissions not including human-based land use, land use change and forestry. These numbers do not represent total NO2 emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of NO2 emitted, which is 310 times more CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per thousand people: Carbon dioxide equivalent of all greenhouse gas emissions not including human-based land use, land use change and forestry. These numbers do not represent total greenhouse gas emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent: Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent). Other greenhouse gas emissions are by-product emissions of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural: Proportion of the population using improved sanitation facilities, rural.
Water > Suspended solids: Suspended solids
Units: Natural Log of Milligrams/Liter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, exceptwhere data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. Data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of majorwatersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries. The data in this table was transformed using the natural logarithm.
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry: Water supplied annually, where losses during transportation have been subtracted.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > % of internal resources: Annual freshwater withdrawals refer to total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 percent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where there is significant water reuse. Withdrawals for agriculture and industry are total withdrawals for irrigation and livestock production and for direct industrial use (including withdrawals for cooling thermoelectric plants). Withdrawals for domestic uses include drinking water, municipal use or supply, and use for public services, commercial establishments, and homes. Data are for the most recent year available for 1987-2002."
CO2 Emissions: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > % of GNI: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide and particulate emissions damage."
Water pollution > Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Known breeding bird species per million: Known breeding bird mammal species (1992-2002). Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Pollution > Water pollution, wood industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, wood industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt: CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of petroleum-derived fuels as an energy source.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$: Net forest depletion is calculated as the product of unit resource rents and the excess of roundwood harvest over natural growth.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > % of GNI: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide. This series excludes particulate emissions damage."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$: Energy depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal."
Emissions > CO2 intensity > Kg per kg of oil equivalent energy use: Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of coal as an energy source.
PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter: Particulate matter concentrations refer to fine suspended particulates less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and causing significant health damage. Data for countries and aggregates for regions and income groups are urban-population weighted PM10 levels in residential areas of cities with more than 100,000 residents. The estimates represent the average annual exposure level of the average urban resident to outdoor particulate matter. The state of a countryÂ’s technology and pollution controls is an important determinant of particulate matter concentrations.
Pollution > Water pollution, food industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, food industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: food and beverages (31). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Pollution > Water pollution, other industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, other industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Pollution > Water pollution, paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, paper and pulp industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: paper and pulp (34). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent: GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent). GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, etc.; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and (4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally considered comparable across countries. Data are in million metric tons.
Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: wood (33). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per million people: Carbon dioxide equivalent of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) emissions over a 100 year period. These numbers do not represent total HFCs emissions over 100 years, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of HFCs emitted over 100 years. A 100 year timeframe is used since HFCs have a shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker: Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
International agreements > Signed but not ratified: The various international environmental agreements which a country has signed but not ratified. Agreements are listed in alphabetical order by the abbreviated form of the full name.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: other (38 and 39). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Pollution > Water pollution, chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, chemical industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: chemicals (35). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Perfluorcarbons (PFCs) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per million people: Carbon dioxide equivalent of perfluorocarbons emissions over 100 years. These numbers do not represent total PFCs emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of PFCs emitted over 100 years. A 100 year time scale is used since PFCs have a shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Pollution > Nitrogen Oxides per capita: Kilogram weight of Nitrogen Oxides produced per capita in 1998 or latest available year.
Municipal waste treatment expenditure, % of GDP: Annual spending on municipal waste disposal (USD per person). Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$: Mineral depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of minerals extracted. It refers to bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphate, tin, zinc, gold, and silver."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > Current US$: Adjusted net savings are equal to net national savings plus education expenditure and minus energy depletion, mineral depletion, net forest depletion, and carbon dioxide. This series excludes particulate emissions damage."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > Current US$: Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital.
Emissions > Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions > % of total: Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions are emissions produced through fertilizer use (synthetic and animal manure), animal waste management, agricultural waste burning (nonenergy, on-site), and savannah burning."
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2005 PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per PPP $ of GDP: Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > % of GNI: Net national savings are equal to gross national savings less the value of consumption of fixed capital.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons per million: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (million metric tons). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total: CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (% of total). Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use of natural gas as an energy source.
Pollution > Water pollution, textile industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, textile industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: textiles (32). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to households: Water supplied annually to households, where losses during transportation have been subtracted.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Perfluorcarbons (PFCs) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent): Carbon dioxide equivalent of perfluorocarbons emissions over 100 years. These numbers do not represent total PFCs emissions, but rather the total amount of CO2 that would have to be emitted to have the same global warming potential (GWP) as the total amount of PFCs emitted over 100 years. A 100 year time scale is used since PFCs have a shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2. The GWP of a greenhouse gas is useful in determining a country's overall impact on climate change.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change sign date: Signature.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area: Marine protected areas are areas of intertidal or subtidal terrain--and overlying water and associated flora and fauna and historical and cultural features--that have been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area: Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities.
Forest area > % of land area: Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether productive or not.
Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: primary metals (ISIC division 37). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Expenditure pollution control as % of GDP: Expenditure on pollution controland abatement as % of GDP, 1999 .
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services contains all emissions from fuel combustion in households. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 4 b. Commercial and public services includes emissions from all activities of ISIC Divisions 41, 50-52, 55, 63-67, 70-75, 80, 85, 90-93 and 99.
Water pollution > Food industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: food and beverages (31). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Water pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker: Emissions per worker are total emissions of organic water pollutants divided by the number of industrial workers. Organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Pollution perceptions > Green space and parks dissatisfaction: Dissatisfaction with Green and Parks in the City. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with green and parks in the city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Water > Phosphorus concentration: Phosphorus concentration
Units: Milligrams/Liter
Units: The country values represent averages of the station-level values for the three year time period 1994-96, except where data were only available for an earlier time period (1988-1993). The number of stations per country varies depending on country size; number of bodies of water; and level of participation in the GEMS monitoring system. The data from "The Wellbeing of Nations" included a smaller subset of stations representing outfalls of major watersheds. An analysis of a sample of countries with numerous stations found that the data for stations in the subset is broadly comparable to the data for all GEMS stations in those countries.
Pollution perceptions > Green space and parks satisfaction: Quality of Green and Parks. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with green and parks in the city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Total natural resources rents > % of GDP: Total natural resources rents (% of GDP). Total natural resources rents are the sum of oil rents, natural gas rents, coal rents (hard and soft), mineral rents, and forest rents.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > % of GNI: Energy depletion is equal to the product of unit resource rents and the physical quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal."
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI: Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of carbon (the unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emitted.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > % of GNI: Consumption of fixed capital represents the replacement value of capital used up in the process of production.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions: Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: primary metals (ISIC division 37). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants."
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent per million: GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF (Mt of CO2 equivalent). GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF refers to changes in atmospheric levels of all greenhouse gases attributable to forest and land-use change activities, including but not limited to (1) emissions and removals of CO2 from decreases or increases in biomass stocks due to forest management, logging, fuelwood collection, etc.; (2) conversion of existing forests and natural grasslands to other land uses; (3) removal of CO2 from the abandonment of formerly managed lands (e.g. croplands and pastures); and (4) emissions and removals of CO2 in soil associated with land-use change and management. For Annex-I countries under the UNFCCC, these data are drawn from the annual GHG inventories submitted to the UNFCCC by each country; for non-Annex-I countries, data are drawn from the most recently submitted National Communication where available. Because of differences in reporting years and methodologies, these data are not generally considered comparable across countries. Data are in million metric tons. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from other sectors, less residential buildings and commercial and public services, contains the emissions from commercial/institutional activities, residential, agriculture/forestry, fishing and other emissions not specified elsewhere that are included in the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 4 and 1 A 5. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, the category also includes emissions from autoproducers in the commercial/residential/agricultural sectors that generate electricity and/or heat. The IEA data are not collected in a way that allows the energy consumption to be split by specific end-use and therefore, autoproducers are shown as a separate item (Unallocated Autoproducers).
Pollution > Water pollution, metal industry > % of total BOD emissions: Water pollution, metal industry (% of total BOD emissions). Industry shares of emissions of organic water pollutants refer to emissions from manufacturing activities as defined by two-digit divisions of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 2: primary metals (ISIC division 37). Emissions of organic water pollutants are measured by biochemical oxygen demand, which refers to the amount of oxygen that bacteria in water will consume in breaking down waste. This is a standard water-treatment test for the presence of organic pollutants.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > % of total fuel combustion: CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (% of total fuel combustion). CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production is the sum of three IEA categories of CO2 emissions: (1) Main Activity Producer Electricity and Heat which contains the sum of emissions from main activity producer electricity generation, combined heat and power generation and heat plants. Main activity producers (formerly known as public utilities) are defined as those undertakings whose primary activity is to supply the public. They may be publicly or privately owned. This corresponds to IPCC Source/Sink Category 1 A 1 a. For the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion (summary) file, emissions from own on-site use of fuel in power plants (EPOWERPLT) are also included. (2) Unallocated Autoproducers which contains the emissions from the generation of electricity and/or heat by autoproducers. Autoproducers are defined as undertakings that generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. In the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, these emissions would normally be distributed between industry, transport and "other" sectors. (3) Other Energy Industries contains emissions from fuel combusted in petroleum refineries, for the manufacture of solid fuels, coal mining, oil and gas extraction and other energy-producing industries. This corresponds to the IPCC Source/Sink Categories 1 A 1 b and 1 A 1 c. According to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines, emissions from coke inputs to blast furnaces can either be counted here or in the Industrial Processes source/sink category. Within detailed sectoral calculations, certain non-energy processes can be distinguished. In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace through the combustion of coke, the primary purpose of the coke oxidation is to produce pig iron and the emissions can be considered as an industrial process. Care must be taken not to double count these emissions in both Energy and Industrial Processes. In the IEA estimations, these emissions have been included in this category.

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STAT	Canada	Japan
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$	$916.04 billion Ranked 10th.	$3.76 trillion Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Canada
CO2 Emissions per 1000	16.46 Ranked 8th. 72% more than Japan	9.59 Ranked 22nd.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons	165.62 Ranked 15th.	561.21 Ranked 6th. 3 times more than Canada
Current issues	air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities	air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere
Ecological footprint	7.66 Ranked 9th. 82% more than Japan	4.2 Ranked 8th.
Marine fish catch	569,535 tons Ranked 23th.	3.96 million tons Ranked 4th. 7 times more than Canada
Municipal waste generation	640 kgs per person per year Ranked 5th. 56% more than Japan	410 kgs per person per year Ranked 17th.
Pollution perceptions > Air pollution	21.15 Ranked 54th.	36.46 Ranked 44th. 72% more than Canada
Pollution perceptions > Air quality	78.85 Ranked 6th. 24% more than Japan	63.54 Ranked 16th.
Pollution perceptions > Clean water	66.34 Ranked 13th. 8% more than Japan	61.25 Ranked 16th.
Pollution perceptions > Drinking water pollution	19.02 Ranked 53th.	28.75 Ranked 43th. 51% more than Canada
Pollution perceptions > Water pollution	33.66 Ranked 47th.	38.75 Ranked 44th. 15% more than Canada
Proportion of land area under protection	8.56% Ranked 140th.	16.54% Ranked 93th. 93% more than Canada
Transport CO2 emission index	5,354.13 Ranked 14th. 9 times more than Japan	622.5 Ranked 38th.
Waste generation	330 kgs per person per year Ranked 14th. 22% more than Japan	270 kgs per person per year Ranked 15th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > Million metric tons per million	4.8 Ranked 19th. 9% more than Japan	4.39 Ranked 25th.
Water > Freshwater pollution	0.11 tons/cubic km Ranked 60th.	4.27 tons/cubic km Ranked 13th. 39 times more than Canada
Forest area > Sq. km > Per capita	96.02 kmÂ² per 1,000 people Ranked 4th. 49 times more than Japan	1.95 kmÂ² per 1,000 people Ranked 114th.
Municipal waste generation per million	20.8 kgs per person per year Ranked 11th. 6 times more than Japan	3.23 kgs per person per year Ranked 16th.
Water pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day	310,282.4 Ranked 13th.	1.12 million Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Canada
Waste > Local garbage collected	13.38 million tonnes Ranked 11th.	54.37 million tonnes Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Canada
Marine fish catch per 1000	18.67 tons Ranked 31st.	31.28 tons Ranked 21st. 67% more than Canada
Water > Severe water stress	0.9 Ranked 85th.	9.5 Ranked 62nd. 11 times more than Canada
CFC > Consumption	58.29 Ranked 89th.	101.31 Ranked 86th. 74% more than Canada
Pollution perceptions > Noise and light pollution	40.11 Ranked 46th.	45 Ranked 36th. 12% more than Canada
Endangered species > Mammal species > Number	12 Ranked 70th.	27 Ranked 32nd. 2 times more than Canada
Biodiversity > Mammal species, threatened	11 Ranked 85th.	27 Ranked 33th. 2 times more than Canada
Pollution perceptions > Drinking water quality	80.98 Ranked 7th. 14% more than Japan	71.25 Ranked 17th.
CO2 emissions > Kt	565,537.9 kt Ranked 7th.	1.23 million kt Ranked 5th. 2 times more than Canada
Pollution perceptions > Pollution index	27.99 Ranked 54th.	38.91 Ranked 45th. 39% more than Canada
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban and rural	99.81 Ranked 39th.	100 Ranked 8th. About the same as Canada
National parks > Number of parks	43 Ranked 4th. 48% more than Japan	29 Ranked 10th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita	16.89 Ranked 12th. 72% more than Japan	9.81 Ranked 28th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Metric tons per capita	14.63 Ranked 15th. 59% more than Japan	9.19 Ranked 32nd.
Biodiversity > Bird species, threatened	16 Ranked 64th.	40 Ranked 22nd. 3 times more than Canada
Carbon efficiency	1.69 CO2 emissions/$ GDP Ranked 44th. 69% more than Japan	1 CO2 emissions/$ GDP Ranked 80th.
CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000	17.85 kt Ranked 10th. 85% more than Japan	9.64 kt Ranked 29th.
Endangered species > Bird species	16 Ranked 51st.	40 Ranked 18th. 3 times more than Canada
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$ per capita	$28,349.73 Ranked 17th.	$29,410.76 Ranked 15th. 4% more than Canada
National parks > Proportion of country area	3.78% Ranked 3rd.	5.4% Ranked 3rd. 43% more than Canada
SO2 emissions per populated area	2,790 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 20th. 3 times more than Japan	970 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 50th.
Waste > Local garbage collected per thousand people	418.04 tonnes Ranked 33th.	425.68 tonnes Ranked 32nd. 2% more than Canada
Biodiversity > Fish species, threatened	36 Ranked 57th.	66 Ranked 23th. 83% more than Canada
Waste generation per million	10.72 kgs per person per year Ranked 11th. 5 times more than Japan	2.13 kgs per person per year Ranked 15th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt	499,137.37 Ranked 10th.	1.17 million Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Canada
CO2 emissions > Kt > Per capita	17.88 kt per 1,000 people Ranked 12th. 85% more than Japan	9.64 kt per 1,000 people Ranked 33th.
Endangered species > Fish species > Number	26 Ranked 44th.	40 Ranked 22nd. 54% more than Canada
Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day	306,594.6 Ranked 14th.	1.13 million Ranked 4th. 4 times more than Canada
Pollution perceptions > Waste management dissatisfaction	25.41 Ranked 51st. 13% more than Japan	22.5 Ranked 55th.
Pollution > Climate change > Agrees climate change is caused by human activity	61% Ranked 48th.	91% Ranked 2nd. 49% more than Canada
Endangered species > Higher plant species > Number	2 Ranked 144th.	12 Ranked 83th. 6 times more than Canada
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption	57.93 Ranked 45th.	618.72 Ranked 12th. 11 times more than Canada
NOx emissions per populated area	1.15 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 17th.	1.5 thousand metric tons/squ Ranked 11th. 30% more than Canada
Water > Dissolved oxygen concentration	10.85 mls/litre Ranked 8th. 7% more than Japan	10.18 mls/litre Ranked 20th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kt per 1000	14.63 Ranked 15th. 59% more than Japan	9.19 Ranked 32nd.
Forest area > Sq. km	3.1 million kmÂ² Ranked 3rd. 12 times more than Japan	248,680 kmÂ² Ranked 23th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP	$0.41 Ranked 104th. 65% more than Japan	$0.25 Ranked 156th.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban and rural	99.81 Ranked 37th.	100 Ranked 9th. About the same as Canada
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kt	556,884.03 Ranked 8th.	1.25 million Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Canada
Pollution perceptions > Clean, tidy cities	69.86 Ranked 9th.	85 Ranked 1st. 22% more than Canada
Pollution > Ozone depleting substance consumption per million people	1.68 Ranked 89th.	4.84 Ranked 51st. 3 times more than Canada
Water > Availability	84.51 thousand cubic metres Ranked 4th. 33 times more than Japan	2.6 thousand cubic metres Ranked 73th.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Rural	99 Ranked 51st.	100 Ranked 7th. 1% more than Canada
Biodiversity > Plant species > Higher, threatened	2 Ranked 168th.	17 Ranked 85th. 9 times more than Canada
Threatened species	40 Ranked 51st.	132 Ranked 9th. 3 times more than Canada
Adjusted net national income > Current US$ per capita	$40,810.99 Ranked 11th. The same as Japan	$40,799.63 Ranked 12th.
Waste > Population served by local garbage collection	99% Ranked 20th.	99.8% Ranked 25th. 1% more than Canada
National parks > Total area	377,000 Ranked 1st. 18 times more than Japan	20,482 Ranked 2nd.
Biodiversity > Number	21.51 Ranked 17th.	35.96 Ranked 9th. 67% more than Canada
Adjusted net national income > Current US$	$1.41 trillion Ranked 11th.	$5.21 trillion Ranked 4th. 4 times more than Canada
Pollution > Climate change > Climate change awareness	95% Ranked 13th.	99% Ranked 1st. 4% more than Canada
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Emissions (CO2 equivalent)	691,718.21 Ranked 6th.	1.26 million Ranked 4th. 82% more than Canada
Pollution perceptions > Urban comfort > Low pollution	82.48 Ranked 7th. 8% more than Japan	76.14 Ranked 12th.
CFC > Consumption per 1000	0.00194 Ranked 91st. 2 times more than Japan	0.000803 Ranked 96th.
Carbon dioxide emissions per capita > Percent total	17.4 Ranked 3rd. 79% more than Japan	9.7 Ranked 9th.
Protected area	10% Ranked 38th. 47% more than Japan	6.8% Ranked 60th.
Pollution perceptions > Dirty, untidy cities	30.14 Ranked 51st. Twice as much as Japan	15 Ranked 59th.
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum	21.51 Ranked 17th.	35.96 Ranked 9th. 67% more than Canada
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 US$ of GDP	$0.63 Ranked 89th. 3 times more than Japan	$0.24 Ranked 162nd.
Pollution > Carbon Dioxide from fossil fuels 2000	158 Ranked 7th.	314 Ranked 4th. 99% more than Canada
Pollution perceptions > Free of noise and light pollution	59.89 Ranked 14th. 9% more than Japan	55 Ranked 24th.
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources > Total > Billion cubic meters	2,850 Ranked 3rd. 7 times more than Japan	430 Ranked 20th.
Acidification	5.39% Ranked 28th.	10.99% Ranked 26th. 2 times more than Canada
Emissions > Methane emissions > Kt of CO2 equivalent	103,830 Ranked 11th. 94% more than Japan	53,480 Ranked 26th.
Pollution > Nuclear waste	1,340 Ranked 2nd. 39% more than Japan	964 Ranked 4th.
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry per capita	175.28 cubic metres Ranked 6th.	676.12 cubic metres Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Canada
Freshwater > Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita > Cubic meters	85,556.3 Ranked 8th. 25 times more than Japan	3,367.16 Ranked 79th.
Pollution > PM10, country level > Micrograms per cubic meter	14.55 Ranked 156th.	24.07 Ranked 105th. 65% more than Canada
Wetlands of intl importance > Area	13,052 thousand hectares Ranked 1st. 155 times more than Japan	84 thousand hectares Ranked 69th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > Number	5,122 Ranked 9th. 24 times more than Japan	216 Ranked 50th.
CO2 emissions > Kg per 2000 PPP $ of GDP	0.63 kg/PPP$ Ranked 34th. 70% more than Japan	0.37 kg/PPP$ Ranked 69th.
Proportion of land and marine area under protection	7.02% Ranked 128th.	10.97% Ranked 107th. 56% more than Canada
Endangered species protection	95.8% Ranked 25th. 7% more than Japan	89.5% Ranked 31st.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons	20.25 Ranked 5th. 98% more than Japan	10.21 Ranked 14th.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per million people	13.66 Ranked 10th.	14.61 Ranked 8th. 7% more than Canada
Pollution perceptions > Urban discomfort from pollution	17.52 Ranked 53th.	23.86 Ranked 48th. 36% more than Canada
Biodiversity > GEF benefits index for biodiversity > 0 = no biodiversity potential to 100 = maximum per million	0.646 Ranked 67th. 2 times more than Japan	0.282 Ranked 99th.
Pollution > Carbon Dioxide per capita	16 Ranked 4th. 78% more than Japan	9 Ranked 13th.
Water > Population connected to wastewater treatment	71.7% Ranked 11th. 7% more than Japan	67% Ranked 15th.
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved drinking water sources > Urban	100 Ranked 44th. The same as Japan	100 Ranked 13th.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Rural	99% Ranked 38th.	100% Ranked 8th. 1% more than Canada
Commitment to Development Index (environment)	2.5 Ranked 27th.	4.5 Ranked 22nd. 80% more than Canada
Municipal waste treatment expenditure per million	$0.37 Ranked 12th. 4 times more than Japan	$0.09 Ranked 17th.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Carbon dioxide (CO2) > CO2 emissions	544,877.91 Ranked 5th.	1.19 million Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than Canada
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Methane (CH4) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent)	90,553.15 Ranked 5th. 4 times more than Japan	20,443.1 Ranked 16th.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent)	466.06 Ranked 9th.	1,862.42 Ranked 4th. 4 times more than Canada
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Methane (CH4) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per thousand people	2.65 Ranked 4th. 17 times more than Japan	0.16 Ranked 41st.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Carbon dioxide (CO2) > CO2 emissions per thousand people	15.97 Ranked 4th. 71% more than Japan	9.35 Ranked 13th.
Pollution perceptions > Waste management satisfaction	74.59 Ranked 9th.	77.5 Ranked 5th. 4% more than Canada
Pollution > Carbon Dioxide from fossil fuels 2000 per million	5.13 Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Japan	2.47 Ranked 9th.
Pollution > Climate change > Perceived as threat	74% Ranked 11th.	80% Ranked 3rd. 8% more than Canada
Emissions > Nitrous oxide emissions > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent	51,390 Ranked 16th. 2 times more than Japan	23,590 Ranked 35th.
Wildness	81.87% Ranked 2nd. 1365 times more than Japan	0.06% Ranked 104th.
Biosphere > Reserves area	4,373 thousand hectares Ranked 11th. 38 times more than Japan	116 thousand hectares Ranked 66th.
Forest area > Sq. km per 1000	95.98 kmÂ² Ranked 4th. 49 times more than Japan	1.95 kmÂ² Ranked 111th.
Threatened species > Mammal	7 Ranked 109th.	29 Ranked 24th. 4 times more than Canada
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to households per capita	110.27 cubic metres Ranked 2nd.	128.03 cubic metres Ranked 3rd. 16% more than Canada
Water > Population supplied by water supply industry	92% Ranked 16th.	97% Ranked 14th. 5% more than Canada
World Heritage Sites (environmental)	9 Ranked 5th. 2 times more than Japan	4 Ranked 13th.
Known mammal species	193 Ranked 42nd. 3% more than Japan	188 Ranked 46th.
Municipal waste treatment expenditure	$11.50 Ranked 4th. 2% more than Japan	$11.30 Ranked 5th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons	76.54 Ranked 9th.	150.19 Ranked 4th. 96% more than Canada
Pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker	0.157 Ranked 47th. 5% more than Japan	0.149 Ranked 50th.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > Billion cubic meters	45.97 Ranked 17th.	88.43 Ranked 6th. 92% more than Canada
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999	119,713 Ranked 7th.	315,274 Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Canada
Breeding birds threatened	1.88% Ranked 85th.	12.8% Ranked 9th. 7 times more than Canada
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt per 1000	5.28 Ranked 13th. 3 times more than Japan	1.55 Ranked 45th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000	2.55 Ranked 29th.	3.42 Ranked 18th. 34% more than Canada
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt per 1000	6.53 Ranked 17th. 63% more than Japan	4.02 Ranked 36th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > Kt	180,053.37 Ranked 8th.	197,057.25 Ranked 5th. 9% more than Canada
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > Kt	87,032.58 Ranked 17th.	435,965.96 Ranked 6th. 5 times more than Canada
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent per million	874.28 Ranked 4th. 57% more than Japan	555.46 Ranked 8th.
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > Number	563 Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Japan	135 Ranked 10th.
Sanitation > Population with improved sanitation > Urban	100 Ranked 36th. The same as Japan	100 Ranked 10th.
Emissions > Other greenhouse gas emissions > HFC > PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent	11,010 Ranked 11th.	70,570 Ranked 4th. 6 times more than Canada
Urban SO2 concentration	12.87 micrograms/m3 Ranked 121st.	24.33 micrograms/m3 Ranked 97th. 89% more than Canada
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Nitrous oxide (N2O) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per million people	1,381.36 Ranked 5th. 8 times more than Japan	173.14 Ranked 40th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > Current US$	$194.34 billion Ranked 10th.	$675.02 billion Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Canada
Pollution > Nuclear waste efficiency	6.5 Ranked 1st. 4 times more than Japan	1.8 Ranked 10th.
Sustainability-satisfying companies	19% Ranked 15th. 6% more than Japan	17.9% Ranked 16th.
Marine areas under protection	109 Ranked 2nd. 6 times more than Japan	19 Ranked 20th.
Water > Population connected to wastewater collecting system	74.3% Ranked 20th. 11% more than Japan	67% Ranked 29th.
Water > Proportion of marine area under protection	1.35% Ranked 118th.	5.59% Ranked 71st. 4 times more than Canada
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > Current US$	$106.22 billion Ranked 9th.	$775.18 billion Ranked 2nd. 7 times more than Canada
Environmental agreement compliance	5.65 Ranked 13th. 3% more than Japan	5.51 Ranked 14th.
Pollution > Carbon dioxide 1999 per 1000	3.93 Ranked 11th. 58% more than Japan	2.49 Ranked 28th.
Pollution > Nuclear waste per million	44.3 Ranked 1st. 6 times more than Japan	7.63 Ranked 9th.
Emissions > PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter	17.39 Ranked 151st.	29.64 Ranked 106th. 70% more than Canada
Known mammal species per million	6.15 Ranked 100th. 4 times more than Japan	1.48 Ranked 136th.
Wetlands of intl importance > Area per million	416.17 thousand hectares Ranked 7th. 631 times more than Japan	0.659 thousand hectares Ranked 99th.
Kyoto Protocol > Treaty Obligation 2008-2012	-6% Ranked 2nd. The same as Japan	-6% Ranked 1st.
Areas under protection per million	120.66 Ranked 9th. 161 times more than Japan	0.752 Ranked 113th.
Water > Salinisation	237.44 Ranked 119th. 32% more than Japan	179.29 Ranked 124th.
Pollution > Carbon Dioxide from fossil fuels 2000 > Per $ GDP	0.0154 per $100 million Ranked 8th. 84% more than Japan	0.00838 per $100 million Ranked 19th.
Kyoto Protocol signatories > Signed and ratified > Date	4/29/1998	4/28/1998
Marine areas under protection per million	3.44 Ranked 10th. 23 times more than Japan	0.149 Ranked 73th.
Areas under protection	3,822 Ranked 4th. 40 times more than Japan	96 Ranked 45th.
Biosphere > Reserves area per million	139.44 thousand hectares Ranked 20th. 153 times more than Japan	0.91 thousand hectares Ranked 81st.
Fertiliser > Consumption	581.65 hundred grams/hectare Ranked 75th.	3,131.2 hundred grams/hectare Ranked 19th. 5 times more than Canada
Urban NO2 concentration	41.24 micrograms/m3 Ranked 101st.	62.01 micrograms/m3 Ranked 39th. 50% more than Canada
Non-wildness	1.03% Ranked 100th.	30.22% Ranked 6th. 29 times more than Canada
Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions	5.75% Ranked 38th. 20% more than Japan	4.81% Ranked 42nd.
Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI	0.35% of GNI Ranked 92nd. 94% more than Japan	0.18% of GNI Ranked 139th.
Marine protected areas > % of territorial waters	1.67e-05% Ranked 151st.	29.97% Ranked 20th. 1793211 times more than Canada
Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions	22.05% Ranked 11th. 16% more than Japan	18.99% Ranked 15th.
Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI	0.16% of GNI Ranked 119th.	0.47% of GNI Ranked 64th. 3 times more than Canada
Kyoto Protocol signatories > Signed and ratified > % for ratification	3.33	8.55
Known breeding bird species	310 Ranked 18th. 48% more than Japan	210 Ranked 66th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Gross savings > % of GNI	23.36% Ranked 58th.	25.9% Ranked 45th. 11% more than Canada
Adjusted net national income > Current US$, % of GDP	79.16% Ranked 107th.	88.44% Ranked 28th. 12% more than Canada
Natural gas rents > % of GDP	0.168% Ranked 49th. 16 times more than Japan	0.0104% Ranked 73th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > % of GNI	0.64% Ranked 38th.	0.0 Ranked 91st.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > % of GNI	0.06% Ranked 124th.	0.26% Ranked 60th. 4 times more than Canada
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Particulate emission damage > Current US$	$877.67 million Ranked 22nd.	$13.10 billion Ranked 3rd. 15 times more than Canada
Emissions > Agricultural methane emissions > % of total	22.16% Ranked 99th. 65% more than Japan	13.43% Ranked 112th.
Water pollution > Clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions	0.13% Ranked 43th.	0.19% Ranked 35th. 46% more than Canada
Emissions > Industrial methane emissions > % of total	46.57% Ranked 29th. 55% more than Japan	29.96% Ranked 49th.
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Domestic > % of total freshwater withdrawal	19.56% Ranked 54th.	19.68% Ranked 53th. 1% more than Canada
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Industry > % of total freshwater withdrawal	68.68% Ranked 8th. 4 times more than Japan	17.87% Ranked 42nd.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions	9.1% Ranked 16th. 29% more than Japan	7.05% Ranked 25th.
Oil rents > % of GDP	3.22% Ranked 39th. 1184 times more than Japan	0.00272% Ranked 81st.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent)	7,072.55 Ranked 10th.	18,256.5 Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Canada
Pollution > Water pollution, clay and glass industry > % of total BOD emissions	2.85% Ranked 60th.	3.56% Ranked 54th. 25% more than Canada
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Agriculture > % of total freshwater withdrawal	11.77% Ranked 121st.	62.46% Ranked 83th. 5 times more than Canada
Water pollution > Water pollution > Textile industry > % of total BOD emissions	7.86% Ranked 44th. 47% more than Japan	5.33% Ranked 39th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > % of total	44.66% Ranked 138th. 2% more than Japan	43.73% Ranked 141st.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Nitrous oxide (N2O) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent)	47,141.01 Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Japan	22,067.21 Ranked 13th.
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per thousand people	20.27 Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Japan	9.87 Ranked 20th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption > % of total	17.44% Ranked 55th.	37.24% Ranked 31st. 2 times more than Canada
Climate change > Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 > Thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent	29,836 Ranked 6th.	70,793 Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Canada
Water > Drinking water > Population with improved sanitation > Rural	99 Ranked 38th.	100 Ranked 8th. 1% more than Canada
Water > Suspended solids	2.84 mls/litre Ranked 131st.	3.27 mls/litre Ranked 120th. 15% more than Canada
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry	5.2 billion cubic metres Ranked 3rd.	85.97 billion cubic metres Ranked 1st. 17 times more than Canada
Freshwater > Annual freshwater withdrawals > Total > % of internal resources	1.61% Ranked 107th.	20.57% Ranked 54th. 13 times more than Canada
CO2 Emissions	521,404 Ranked 8th.	1.22 million Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Canada
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > % of GNI	0.0 Ranked 153th.	0.0 Ranked 80th.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions	10.64% Ranked 29th.	11.22% Ranked 24th. 5% more than Canada
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Including particulate emission damage > % of GNI	7.63% Ranked 62nd.	15.29% Ranked 29th. Twice as much as Canada
Water pollution > Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions	6.66% Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Japan	2.01% Ranked 39th.
Known breeding bird species per million	9.88 Ranked 102nd. 6 times more than Japan	1.65 Ranked 141st.
Pollution > Water pollution, wood industry > % of total BOD emissions	6.52% Ranked 12th. 3 times more than Japan	2% Ranked 47th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption > Kt	222,902.26 Ranked 12th.	511,993.87 Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Canada
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net forest depletion > Current US$	0.0 Ranked 163th.	0.0 Ranked 88th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > % of GNI	7.7% Ranked 64th.	15.55% Ranked 30th. 2 times more than Canada
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > Current US$	$76.92 billion Ranked 6th. 63 times more than Japan	$1.23 billion Ranked 62nd.
Emissions > CO2 intensity > Kg per kg of oil equivalent energy use	2.07 Ranked 76th.	2.44 Ranked 55th. 18% more than Canada
PM10 > Country level > Micrograms per cubic meter	19.09 mcg/mÂ³ Ranked 151st.	31.17 mcg/mÂ³ Ranked 115th. 63% more than Canada
Pollution > Water pollution, food industry > % of total BOD emissions	13.95% Ranked 51st.	15.04% Ranked 46th. 8% more than Canada
Pollution > Water pollution, other industry > % of total BOD emissions	45.28% Ranked 17th.	52.53% Ranked 5th. 16% more than Canada
Pollution > Water pollution, paper and pulp industry > % of total BOD emissions	8.94% Ranked 11th. 27% more than Japan	7.04% Ranked 26th.
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent	-12.1 Ranked 23th.	-71.523 Ranked 37th. 6 times more than Canada
Water pollution > Wood industry > % of total BOD emissions	5.38% Ranked 8th. 3 times more than Japan	1.57% Ranked 38th.
Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions	8.93% Ranked 15th.	12.3% Ranked 8th. 38% more than Canada
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per million people	207.24 Ranked 10th. 45% more than Japan	143.24 Ranked 19th.
Water pollution > Chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions	8.62% Ranked 29th.	9.37% Ranked 24th. 9% more than Canada
Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker	0.16 kg per day per worker Ranked 33th. 7% more than Japan	0.15 kg per day per worker Ranked 39th.
International agreements > Signed but not ratified	Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Marine Life Conservation	none of the selected agreements
Water pollution > Water pollution > Other industry > % of total BOD emissions	44.62% Ranked 16th.	52.61% Ranked 5th. 18% more than Canada
Pollution > Water pollution, chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions	10.87% Ranked 32nd.	11.2% Ranked 26th. 3% more than Canada
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Perfluorcarbons (PFCs) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent) per million people	47.1 Ranked 2nd. 76% more than Japan	26.72 Ranked 4th.
Pollution > Nitrogen Oxides per capita	68 Ranked 4th. 6 times more than Japan	11 Ranked 29th.
Municipal waste treatment expenditure, % of GDP	1.57e-09% Ranked 12th. 6 times more than Japan	2.84e-10% Ranked 17th.
Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$, % of GDP	80.8% Ranked 104th.	82.2% Ranked 99th. 2% more than Canada
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Mineral depletion > Current US$	$8.93 billion Ranked 8th. 107 times more than Japan	$83.70 million Ranked 58th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted net savings > Excluding particulate emission damage > Current US$	$107.09 billion Ranked 9th.	$788.28 billion Ranked 2nd. 7 times more than Canada
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > Current US$	$130.74 billion Ranked 9th.	$638.47 billion Ranked 2nd. 5 times more than Canada
Emissions > Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions > % of total	86.73% Ranked 65th. 76% more than Japan	49.34% Ranked 116th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per 2005 PPP $ of GDP	$0.47 Ranked 43th. 52% more than Japan	$0.31 Ranked 75th.
Emissions > CO2 emissions > Kg per PPP $ of GDP	$0.44 Ranked 43th. 52% more than Japan	$0.29 Ranked 76th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Net national savings > % of GNI	9.4% Ranked 71st.	12.59% Ranked 53th. 34% more than Canada
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > Million metric tons per million	2.22 Ranked 3rd. 89% more than Japan	1.18 Ranked 15th.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption > % of total	36.07% Ranked 33th. 2 times more than Japan	16.83% Ranked 72nd.
Pollution > Water pollution, textile industry > % of total BOD emissions	7.26% Ranked 56th. 37% more than Japan	5.32% Ranked 53th.
Water > Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to households	3.27 billion cubic metres Ranked 1st.	16.28 billion cubic metres Ranked 1st. 5 times more than Canada
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > Perfluorcarbons (PFCs) > Emissions (CO2 equivalent)	1,607.52 Ranked 5th.	3,405.25 Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Canada
Pollution > Greenhouse gas emissions > United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change sign date	June 12, 1992	June 13, 1992
Biodiversity and protected areas > Marine protected areas > % of total surface area	1.06% Ranked 76th.	5.19% Ranked 30th. 5 times more than Canada
Biodiversity and protected areas > Terrestrial protected areas > % of total surface area	8.23% Ranked 109th.	14.12% Ranked 82nd. 72% more than Canada
Forest area > % of land area	34.1% of land area Ranked 77th.	68.22% of land area Ranked 14th. Twice as much as Canada
Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions	9.62% Ranked 12th. 36% more than Japan	7.06% Ranked 24th.
Expenditure pollution control as % of GDP	1.1% of GDP Ranked 10th.	1.6% of GDP Ranked 4th. 45% more than Canada
Climate change > CO2 emissions from residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion	14.45% Ranked 24th. 14% more than Japan	12.66% Ranked 37th.
Water pollution > Food industry > % of total BOD emissions	39.52% Ranked 33th.	45.71% Ranked 25th. 16% more than Canada
Water pollution > Organic water pollutant > BOD emissions > Kg per day per worker	0.16 Ranked 42nd. 7% more than Japan	0.15 Ranked 38th.
Pollution perceptions > Green space and parks dissatisfaction	21.7 Ranked 56th.	43.75 Ranked 33th. 2 times more than Canada
Water > Phosphorus concentration	0.0 Ranked 141st.	0.06 mls/litre Ranked 131st.
Pollution perceptions > Green space and parks satisfaction	78.3 Ranked 4th. 39% more than Japan	56.25 Ranked 27th.
Total natural resources rents > % of GDP	5.1% Ranked 71st. 140 times more than Japan	0.0363% Ranked 156th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Energy depletion > % of GNI	5.53% Ranked 37th. 277 times more than Japan	0.02% Ranked 87th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Carbon dioxide damage > % of GNI	0.31% Ranked 83th. 63% more than Japan	0.19% Ranked 124th.
Adjusted savings > Adjusted savings > Consumption of fixed capital > % of GNI	13.97% Ranked 17th. 5% more than Japan	13.31% Ranked 35th.
Water pollution > Water pollution > Metal industry > % of total BOD emissions	4.42% Ranked 16th. 40% more than Japan	3.15% Ranked 24th.
Climate change > GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF > Mt of CO2 equivalent per million	-0.359 Ranked 14th.	-0.561 Ranked 17th. 56% more than Canada
Climate change > CO2 emissions from other sectors, excluding residential buildings and commercial and public services > % of total fuel combustion	3.82% Ranked 47th. 4 times more than Japan	0.861% Ranked 101st.
Pollution > Water pollution, metal industry > % of total BOD emissions	4.32% Ranked 20th. 31% more than Japan	3.3% Ranked 32nd.
Climate change > CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total > % of total fuel combustion	31.26% Ranked 93th.	47.32% Ranked 42nd. 51% more than Canada

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Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual, 2002, and International Energy Outlook, 2001. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Energy Agency (IEA Statistics \xA9 OECD/IEA, http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp).; Wild Areas Project (WAP), joint Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and CIESIN project to map the lastwild places on the earth's surface. via ciesin.org; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a38, Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to: Households. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: Table of World Heritage Sites by country (Table of World Heritage Sites); OECD Environmental Data Com¡pendium: 2002; World Bank and UNIDO's industry database.; Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication; 2000 IUCN Red List, and World Resources Institute,World Resources 2000-2001, Washington, DC: WRI, 2000. Original sources: World Conservation Monitoring Center, IUCN-The World Conservation Union, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and other sources.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Resources Institute, World Resources 1998-99; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2000; WHO,Air Management Information System-AMIS 2.0, 1998; and Global Urban Observatory, Citibase, 1999. via ciesin.org; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's National Accounts Statistics.; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Environmental Data Compendium, 1999; Assessment of the Country Allocation of the Dow Jones Sustainability Group Index, SAM SustainabilityGroup via ciesin.org; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank staff estimates. The conceptual underpinnings of the savings measure appear in Hamilton and Clemens' ""Genuine Savings Rates in Developing Countries"" (1999).; Michael E. Porter et al, The Global Competitveness Report 2001. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. via ciesin.org; Gregg Marland, Tom Boden, and Bob Andres, University of North Dakota, via net publication. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France, OECD Environmental Data Compendium. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Kiren Dev Pandey, David Wheeler, Bart Ostro, Uwe Deichmann, Kirk Hamilton, and Katherine Bolt. ""Ambient Particulate Matter Concentrations in Residential and Pollution Hotspot Areas of World Cities: New Estimates Based on the Global Model of Ambient Particulates (GMAPS),"" World Bank, Development Research Group and Environment Department (2006).; World Resources Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: Kyoto Protocol; UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2001. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001. via ciesin.org; Wild Areas Project (WAP), joint Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and CIESIN project to map the last wild places on the earth's surface. Accessed via ciesin.org; World Bank national accounts data files.; The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; World Bank staff estimates based on sources and methods in Arundhati Kunte and others' ""Estimating National Wealth: Methodology and Results"" (1998).; Kiran D. Pandey and others' ""The Human Costs of Air Pollution: New Estimates for Developing Countries"" (2006).; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division Original html; United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Environmental Monitoring System/Water Quality Monitoring System, with data for an additional 29 countries from Prescott-Allen, R. The Well being of Nations, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a29, Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry; World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; OECD Environmental Data Com¡pendium: 2002. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; World Bank staff estimates.; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=ENV&f=variableID%3a38, Net freshwater supplied by water supply industry to: Households; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (List of parties) (Parties & Observers , UNFCCC, 1 June 2011); OECD Environmental Indicators, p. 104. See also Myriam Linster and Frederique Zegel, 'Pollution Abatement and Control in OECD Countries', OECD Working Group on Environmental Information and Outlooks at www.oecd.org; World Bank staff estimates based on Samuel Fankhauser's ""Valuing Climate Change: The Economics of the Greenhouse"" (1995).; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.

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