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Education Stats: compare key data on Italy & Netherlands

Definitions

  • Average years of schooling of adults: Average years of schooling of adults is the years of formal schooling received, on average, by adults over age 15. (Data Source: Barro-Lee Data Set www.worldbank.org/html/prdmg/grthweb/ddbarle2.htm)
  • Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
  • Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
  • High school enrolment rate: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • Homeschooling legal status: Legal status of homeschooling.
  • Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
  • Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
  • Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
  • College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
  • Average IQ: Average IQ of different countries according to the controversial book "IQ and the Wealth of Nations".
  • Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • College and university > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
  • Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
  • Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Duration of compulsory education: Duration of compulsory education is the number of grades (or years) that a child must legally be enrolled in school.
  • Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • College and university > Private school share: Percentage of post-secondary students who attend a private school, college, or university.
  • School life expectancy > Total: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Primary education, teachers: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Primary education, pupils: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions.
  • Tertiary enrollment: Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary level is the sum of all tertiary level students enrolled at the start of the school year, expressed as a percentage of the mid-year population in the 5 year age group after the official secondary school leaving age.
  • Spending per student > College and university: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • High school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Compulsary education starting age: Age at which children must be enrolled in school.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Definition: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • High school > Upper secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the upper secondary (high school) level.
  • Literacy > Male: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Spending > USD: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment."
  • High school > Private school share: Percentage of secondary students who attend a private school.
  • Spending > Proportion: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. Expressed as a proportion of GNI."
  • Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Child care (preschool) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin pre-primary (preschool) education.
  • High school repeaters > Male: Repeaters in secondary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in secondary school."
  • Preschool enrollment rate: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year.
  • Teachers as percentage of labor force: The percentage share of the total labor force who are classroom, academic staff, and other teachers. Data for 1999.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Overall: Overall.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Elementary (primary school) > Duration: Number of years students study at the primary level.
  • Children out of school > Primary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Secondary education, teachers: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Secondary education, teachers per 1000: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for pre-primary (preschool) education.
  • High school > Lower secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the lower secondary (middle school) level.
  • Children out of school, primary, male per 1000: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Spending per student > High school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Secondary education, general pupils: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • High school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for secondary level enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills: Overall.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Scientific and technical journal articles: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve: Access and retrieve.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female: Percentage of country's college and university professors that are female.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion: The number of students from a given country studying abroad in a given year, expressed as a percentage of total tertiary enrollment in that country. Ratios greater than 100 % are possible, because those currently studying abroad do not count towards total enrollment.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Scouting > Genders admitted: Admits boys/girls.
  • Elementary (primary school) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin primary education.
  • Children out of school, primary, male: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • High school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for all levels of secondary education.
  • Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
  • Spending per student > Elementary school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Secondary school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age (years). Entrance age of 2A lower secondary is the age at which students would enter lower secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • High school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age is the age at which students would enter secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
  • Primary education > Teachers > Per capita: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Educational attainment > Tertiary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till tertiary level (year 2000).
  • High school > Population with at least high school education > Women: Population with at least high school education > Women.
  • Elementary school graduate rate: Persistence to last grade of primary is the percentage of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary education. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
  • Schools connected to the Internet: Schools connected to the Internet are the share of primary and secondary schools in the country that have access to the Internet.
  • Public spending per student > Primary level: Public expenditure per student, primary level is the total reported current spending by the government on primary education, divided by the total number of pupils in primary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
  • Secondary education, pupils per 1000: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Primary education, pupils per 1000: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years) is the number of grades (years) in secondary school."
  • Teacher student ratio > High school: Secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Children out of school > Primary per 1000: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Inequality adjusted index: Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index.
  • High school repeaters > Female: Repeaters in secondary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in secondary school."
  • Teacher student ratio > Elementary school: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Hours of instruction for pupils aged 11: Intended hours of instruction per year for 11 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
  • Elementary school > Enrolled students: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • School enrolment rate > 1st grade: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
  • Secondary education, general pupils per 1000: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Hours of instruction for pupils aged 12: Intended hours of instruction per year for 12 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret: Integrate and interpret.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • High school > Lower secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin lower secondary (middle school) education.
  • Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share: Percentage of primary students who attend a private school.
  • Elementary school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • High school enrolment rate > Female: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • Duration of education > Secondary level: Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (or years) in general secondary education.
  • Public spending per student > Tertiary level: Public expenditure per student, tertiary level is the total reported current spending by the government on tertiary education, divided by the total number of pupils in tertiary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
  • Primary education > Pupils: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • High school > Population with at least high school education > Men: Gender Inequality Index.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for primary education.
  • Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for education that goes to school staff salaries.
  • Secondary education > Teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • School enrolment rate > 5th grade: Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
  • Spending per secondary school student: Secondary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity.
  • Scientific and technical journal articles per million: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts: Non-continuous texts.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts: Continuous texts.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • Duration of education > Primary level: Duration of primary education is the number of grades (or years) in primary education.
  • Expected duration of education for all students: Expected years of schooling for a 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
  • Participation > Children out of school > Elementary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
  • Public spending per student > Secondary level: Public expenditure per student, secondary level is the total reported current spending by the government on secondary education, divided by the total number of pupils in secondary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
  • Progression to secondary school: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Educational attainment > Senior secondary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till senior secondary level (year 2000).
  • Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate: Reflect and evaluate.

    No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

  • High school > Upper secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin upper secondary (high school) education.
  • Elementary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
  • Teaching weeks per year > Primary: Average number of weeks taught per year by primary level teachers. Data for 2000.
  • Elementary school repeaters > All: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • School life expectancy > Male: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Universities > Top 200: Number of universities in the top 200
  • Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Primary teacher salary > Starting: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999.
  • Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge per million: Investment in knowledge is defined and calculated as the sum of expenditure on R&D, on total higher education (public and private) and on software. Simple summation of the three components would lead to overestimation of the investment in knowledge owing to overlaps (R&D and software, R&D and education, software and education). Therefore, data reported here have been adjusted to exclude the overlaps between components.

    Note that as the term is used here, "investment” has a broader connotation than its usual meaning in economic statistics. It includes current expenditures, such as on education and R&D, as well as capital outlays, such as purchases of software and construction of school buildings. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD: Research and development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. R&D is a term covering three activities: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.

    The main aggregate used for international comparisons is gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD). This consists of the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc. It excludes R&D expenditures financed by domestic firms but performed abroad.
  • Library books per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary level is the average number of pupils per teacher in primary education. Cross-country comparisons may be affected by such factors as the composition of teachers by part- and full-time employment.
  • Secondary education > Vocational pupils: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.
  • Primary education > Teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Expenditure on education > Change in expenditure on education > Expenditure in tertiary education: The indicator shows direct public and private expenditure on educational institutions in relation to the number of full-time equivalent students enrolled in these institutions. Public subsidies for students’ living expenses have been excluded to ensure international comparability of the data.

    Expenditure on education per student is obtained by dividing the total expenditure on educational institutions by the number of full-time equivalents students. Only those educational institutions and programmes are taken into account for which both enrolment and expenditure data are available.
  • Private school enrolment > Primary level: Private sector enrolment share, primary level is the share of primary school pupils who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
  • Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
  • Educational attainment > Junior secondary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till junior secondary level (year 2000).
  • Hours of instruction for pupils aged 10: Intended hours of instruction per year for 10 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
  • Primary education > Teachers per 1000: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education > Pupils per 1000: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Female enrolment share > Primary level: Girls' enrolment share, primary level is the number of girls enrolled in primary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in primary school.
  • Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge: Investment in knowledge is defined and calculated as the sum of expenditure on R&D, on total higher education (public and private) and on software. Simple summation of the three components would lead to overestimation of the investment in knowledge owing to overlaps (R&D and software, R&D and education, software and education). Therefore, data reported here have been adjusted to exclude the overlaps between components.

    Note that as the term is used here, "investment” has a broader connotation than its usual meaning in economic statistics. It includes current expenditures, such as on education and R&D, as well as capital outlays, such as purchases of software and construction of school buildings.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
  • Universities > Top 200 per million: Number of universities in the top 200. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning technology: Intended instruction time spent studying technology, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • Primary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age (years). Entrance age of primary is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • Scouting > Members: Members of boy or girl scout groups which are members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM).
  • High school > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to secondary education.
  • Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for primary education that goes to school staff salaries.
  • Enrolment ratio > Secondary level: Net enrolment ratio, secondary level, is the ratio of the number of children of official secondary school age enrolled in school to the number of children of official secondary school age in the population.
  • Participation > Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training."
  • Ratio of female to male primary enrollment: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Secondary education > Teachers per 1000: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education > General pupils per 1000: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Male: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index in primary, or elementary, school. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled. 
  • Spending per primary school student: Primary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity.
  • Hours of instruction for pupils aged 13: Intended hours of instruction per year for 14 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
  • Hours of instruction for pupils aged 9: Intended hours of instruction per year for 9 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
  • Female enrolment share > Secondary level: Girls' enrolment share, secondary level is the number of girls enrolled in secondary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in secondary school.
  • Private school enrolment > Secondary level: Private sector enrolment share, secondary level is the share of students in general secondary education who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Scouting > Members per thousand people: Membership (from 2012). Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Outcomes > Tertiary attainment > Tertiary attainment for age group 55-64: For each age group shown, those who have completed tertiary education are shown as a percentage of all persons in that age group. Tertiary education includes both tertiary-type "A programmes”, which are largely theoretically-based and designed to provide qualifications for entry to advanced research programmes and professions with high skill requirements, as well as tertiary-type "B programmes” which are classified at the same level of competencies as tertiary-type A programmes but are more occupationally-oriented and lead to direct labour market access. The tertiary attainment profiles are based on the percentage of the population aged 25 to 64 that has completed that level of education.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning science: Intended instruction time spent studying science, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • School life expectancy > Female: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Elementary school repeaters > Male: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • Elementary school repeaters > Female: Repeaters in primary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in primary school."
  • Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • High school teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Elementary school teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Primary teacher salary > After 15 years: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999.
  • Homeschooling prevalance: Prevalence of homeschooling.
  • High school enrolment rate > Male: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
  • Proportion of 15 year-olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 15 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Proportion of 20 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 20 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Participation > Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning vocational skills: Intended instruction time spent studying vocational skills, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • Universities > Top 200 > Per $ GDP: Number of universities in the top 200 Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 billion $ gross domestic product.
  • Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Primary education > Pupils per 1000: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Intake ratio to last grade of primary > Females: Number of female entrants in the last grade of primary education (regardless of age) expressed as a percentage of the female population at entrance age to the last grade.
  • Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD per million: Research and development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. R&D is a term covering three activities: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.

    The main aggregate used for international comparisons is gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD). This consists of the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc. It excludes R&D expenditures financed by domestic firms but performed abroad. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Share of university qualifications awarded to females: Percentage share of tertiary level A qualifications as first degree awarded to females. Data for 2000.
  • Primary teacher age > Proportion aged 30-39: Percentage of primary teachers who are aged 30-39. Data for 1999.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning foreign languages: Intended instruction time spent studying modern foreign languages, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • Primary teacher salary > Starting per 1000: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Spending per secondary school student > Per $ GDP: Secondary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity. Per $ GDP figures expressed per $1,000 of Gross Domestic Product.
  • Library employees per million: . Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Expected duration of education for males: Expected years of schooling for a male 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
  • Proportion of 16 year-olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 16 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Share of university qualifications awarded to females > First degree: Percentage share of tertiary level A qualifications as first degree awarded to females. Data for 2000.
  • Proportion of 19 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 19 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
  • School enrollment > Primary > Male > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
  • Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with secondary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Public spending on education, total > % of GDP: Public spending on education, total (% of GDP). Public expenditure on education as % of GDP is the total public expenditure (current and capital) on education expressed as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in a given year. Public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration, and transfers/subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
  • Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with primary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force: Labor force with tertiary education, male (% of male labor force). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Unemployment with secondary education, female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment with secondary education, female (% of female unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Education spending > % of GDP: Government Education Expenditure (% of GDP, 2000-2002)
  • Spending per primary school student > Per $ GDP: Primary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity. Per $ GDP figures expressed per $1,000 of Gross Domestic Product.
  • Proportion of 18 year olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 18 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Public spending on public institutions: Percentage share of total public education expenditure which is spent directly on public educational institutions. Data for 1999.
  • School enrollment > Preprimary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment.
  • Ratio of female to male enrollments in tertiary education: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
  • Primary teacher salary > Starting; ratio to GDP per capita: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999.
  • Expenditure per student > Secondary > % of GDP per capita: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita.
  • Proportion of primary education time spent learning arts: Intended instruction time spent studying arts, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
  • Share of university qualifications awarded to females > Second degree: Percentage share of tertiary level A qualifications as second degree awarded to females. Tertiary level A includes university and advanced research level degrees. Data for 2000.
  • Secondary education > Pupils > % female: Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at secondary level includes enrollments in public and private schools.
  • Proportion of 17 year olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 17 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • Primary completion rate > Total > % of relevant age group: Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. It is calculated by taking the total number of students in the last grade of primary school, minus the number of repeaters in that grade, divided by the total number of children of official graduation age.
  • Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
  • Government spending on education > % of government spending: Public expenditure on education consists of current and capital public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
  • Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education > %: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%). Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
  • School enrollment, preprimary, female > % gross: School enrollment, preprimary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Pre-primary. Female is the total female enrollment in pre-primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of official pre-primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment, preprimary, male > % gross: School enrollment, preprimary, male (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Pre-primary. Male is the total male enrollment in pre-primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of official pre-primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • Secondary education, pupils > % female: Secondary education, pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Total secondary. All programmes is the number of female students enrolled in all secondary education programmes expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) enrolled at the secondary education level in a given school year.
  • Expenditure per student, primary > % of GDP per capita: Expenditure per student, primary (% of GDP per capita). Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Primary is the total public expenditure per student in primary education as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
  • Services, etc., value added > Current US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (current US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Services, etc., value added > Current US$, % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (current US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
  • Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment > %: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment (%). Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Ratio of female to male primary enrollment > %: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment (%). Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Participation > School enrollment > Preprimary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment."
  • Participation > School enrollment > Primary > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
  • Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Male > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
  • Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Male > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
  • Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Private > % of total primary: Private enrollment refers to pupils or students enrolled in institutions that are not operated by a public authority but controlled and managed, whether for profit or not, by a private body such as a nongovernmental organisation, religious body, special interest group, foundation or business enterprise."
  • Adjusted savings > Education expenditure > % of GNI: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.
  • Public spending on education > Total > % of GDP: Public expenditure on education consists of current and capital public expenditure on education plus subsidies to private education at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels.
  • Unemployment with primary education > % of total unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Unemployment with secondary education > % of total unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Expenditure per student > Primary > % of GDP per capita: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita.
  • School enrollment > Secondary > Male > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
  • Expenditure per student > Tertiary > % of GDP per capita: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita.
  • School enrollment > Primary > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
  • Proportion of 17 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 17 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
  • School enrollment > Secondary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
  • Primary teacher age > Proportion aged 50-59: Percentage of primary teachers aged 50-59. Data for 1999.
  • Persistence to last grade of primary, total > % of cohort: Persistence to last grade of primary, total (% of cohort). Survival rate to last grade of primary. Total is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary. The estimate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
  • School enrollment, primary > % gross: School enrollment, primary (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Primary. Total is the total enrollment in primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of official primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
  • School enrollment, primary, female > % net: School enrollment, primary, female (% net). Net enrolment rate. Primary. Female is the ratio of female children of the official primary school age who are enrolled in primary school to the female population of the official primary school age.
  • Persistence to grade 5, total > % of cohort: Persistence to grade 5, total (% of cohort). Survival rate to grade 5. Total is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
STAT
Italy
Netherlands
HISTORY
Average years of schooling of adults 7.2
Ranked 36th.
9.4
Ranked 16th. 31% more than Italy
Children out of school, primary 25,573
Ranked 58th. 33 times more than Netherlands
776
Ranked 107th.

Children out of school, primary per 1000 0.421
Ranked 106th. 9 times more than Netherlands
0.0465
Ranked 115th.

Children out of school, primary, female 17,905
Ranked 48th. 50% more than Netherlands
11,924
Ranked 61st.

College and university > Gender parity index 1.39
Ranked 35th. 24% more than Netherlands
1.12
Ranked 71st.

Compulsary education duration 10
Ranked 64th.
13
Ranked 9th. 30% more than Italy

Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP 4.5%
Ranked 64th.
5.96%
Ranked 29th. 32% more than Italy

High school enrolment rate 99.72
Ranked 10th. 2% more than Netherlands
98.12
Ranked 32nd.
Homeschooling legal status Legal, homeschooling is allowed by the constitution. public education is mandatory, with some exceptions.
Literacy > Total population 98.6%
Ranked 36th.
99%
Ranked 29th. About the same as Italy

Primary education, duration > Years 5
Ranked 167th.
6
Ranked 139th. 20% more than Italy

Primary education, teachers per 1000 4.6
Ranked 70th. 11% more than Netherlands
4.15
Ranked 69th.

Pupil-teacher ratio, primary 10.33
Ranked 139th.
18.36
Ranked 99th. 78% more than Italy

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary 10.1
Ranked 100th.
13.57
Ranked 59th. 34% more than Italy

Secondary education, duration > Years 8
Ranked 15th. 33% more than Netherlands
6
Ranked 160th.

College and university > Share of total education spending 18.76%
Ranked 63th.
28.05%
Ranked 17th. 49% more than Italy

Average IQ 102
Ranked 6th. The same as Netherlands
102
Ranked 5th.
Literacy > Female 98.3%
Ranked 33th.
99%
Ranked 28th. 1% more than Italy
Children out of school, primary, female per 1000 0.295
Ranked 86th.
0.729
Ranked 86th. 2 times more than Italy

College and university > Gender ratio 140.71
Ranked 27th. 27% more than Netherlands
110.84
Ranked 57th.

Child care (preschool) > Duration 3
Ranked 89th. 50% more than Netherlands
2
Ranked 186th.

Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita 7.17 per 1,000 people
Ranked 41st. 6% more than Netherlands
6.74 per 1,000 people
Ranked 46th.

Duration of compulsory education 9 years
Ranked 86th.
13 years
Ranked 5th. 44% more than Italy
Secondary education, pupils 4.63 million
Ranked 17th. 3 times more than Netherlands
1.54 million
Ranked 40th.

College and university > Private school share 9.59%
Ranked 90th.
100%
Ranked 5th. 10 times more than Italy

Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment 1
Ranked 43th. 2% more than Netherlands
0.98
Ranked 76th.

School life expectancy > Total 14.7 years
Ranked 20th.
15.9 years
Ranked 7th. 8% more than Italy
Primary education, teachers 273,113
Ranked 18th. 4 times more than Netherlands
63,872
Ranked 43th.

Primary education, pupils 2.83 million
Ranked 37th. 2 times more than Netherlands
1.29 million
Ranked 62nd.

Tertiary enrollment 49.9%
Ranked 22nd.
55%
Ranked 16th. 10% more than Italy
Spending per student > College and university 22.28
Ranked 36th.
43.92
Ranked 26th. 97% more than Italy

High school > Gender ratio 99.03
Ranked 81st. 1% more than Netherlands
98.2
Ranked 69th.

Compulsary education starting age 6
Ranked 103th. 20% more than Netherlands
5
Ranked 178th.

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million 0.17
Ranked 107th.
0.813
Ranked 74th. 5 times more than Italy

Literacy > Definition age 15 and over can read and write age 15 and over can read and write
High school > Upper secondary school duration 5
Ranked 4th. 67% more than Netherlands
3
Ranked 135th.

Literacy > Male 99%
Ranked 32nd. The same as Netherlands
99%
Ranked 38th.
Spending > USD 101.89 billion
Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Netherlands
42.53 billion
Ranked 14th.

High school > Private school share 8.52%
Ranked 84th.
82.79%
Ranked 5th. 10 times more than Italy

Spending > Proportion 4.52
Ranked 70th.
4.85
Ranked 53th. 7% more than Italy

Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary 10.62
Ranked 138th.
17.17
Ranked 120th. 62% more than Italy
Child care (preschool) > Starting age 3
Ranked 158th.
4
Ranked 58th. 33% more than Italy

High school repeaters > Male 3.86
Ranked 53th.
5.53
Ranked 46th. 43% more than Italy

Preschool enrollment rate 103.82
Ranked 80th.
106.9
Ranked 53th. 3% more than Italy

Tertiary > Students studying abroad 47,272.98
Ranked 12th. 4 times more than Netherlands
13,388.96
Ranked 60th.

Primary completion rate 101
Ranked 31st. 1% more than Netherlands
100
Ranked 41st.

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level 1.91 million
Ranked 20th. 4 times more than Netherlands
526,767
Ranked 36th.

Teachers as percentage of labor force 4.7%
Ranked 10th.
0.0
Ranked 35th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall 486
Ranked 27th.
508
Ranked 8th. 5% more than Italy
Elementary (primary school) > Duration 5
Ranked 177th.
6
Ranked 147th. 20% more than Italy

Children out of school > Primary 11,194
Ranked 73th.
13,817
Ranked 69th. 23% more than Italy

Secondary education, teachers 450,757
Ranked 10th. 4 times more than Netherlands
113,370
Ranked 24th.

Secondary education, teachers per 1000 7.59
Ranked 33th. 12% more than Netherlands
6.79
Ranked 40th.

Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher 11.62
Ranked 101st.
15
Ranked 72nd. 29% more than Italy

High school > Lower secondary school duration 3
Ranked 146th. The same as Netherlands
3
Ranked 180th.

Children out of school, primary, male per 1000 0.126
Ranked 97th.
0.27
Ranked 96th. 2 times more than Italy

Spending per student > High school 25.38
Ranked 17th.
25.41
Ranked 23th. About the same as Italy

Secondary education, general pupils 2.92 million
Ranked 21st. 4 times more than Netherlands
790,048
Ranked 50th.

High school > Gender parity index 0.986
Ranked 91st.
0.988
Ranked 86th. About the same as Italy

Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills 486
Ranked 27th.
508
Ranked 8th. 5% more than Italy
Scientific and technical journal articles 24,696
Ranked 8th. 83% more than Netherlands
13,475
Ranked 13th.

Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve 482
Ranked 30th.
519
Ranked 6th. 8% more than Italy
College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female 36%
Ranked 21st.
40%
Ranked 17th. 11% more than Italy
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion 2.4%
Ranked 88th. 40% more than Netherlands
1.72%
Ranked 98th.

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000 33.48
Ranked 40th. 3% more than Netherlands
32.62
Ranked 42nd.

Scouting > Genders admitted both both
Elementary (primary school) > Starting age 6
Ranked 130th. The same as Netherlands
6
Ranked 171st.

Education expenditure of government > As percentage of total government 9.6%
Ranked 70th.
11.2%
Ranked 60th. 17% more than Italy

Children out of school, primary, male 7,668
Ranked 57th. 73% more than Netherlands
4,421
Ranked 78th.

Education expenditure of government > As percentage of GNI 4.7%
Ranked 56th.
5.5%
Ranked 39th. 17% more than Italy

High school > Students per teacher 10.1
Ranked 103th.
13.57
Ranked 61st. 34% more than Italy

Secondary education > General pupils 2.81 million
Ranked 26th. 4 times more than Netherlands
672,103
Ranked 56th.

Spending per student > Elementary school 22.8
Ranked 17th. 28% more than Netherlands
17.76
Ranked 31st.

Secondary school starting age > Years 11
Ranked 168th.
12
Ranked 129th. 9% more than Italy

High school starting age > Years 11
Ranked 147th.
12
Ranked 117th. 9% more than Italy

Primary education > Teachers > Per capita 4.48 per 1,000 people
Ranked 78th. 7% more than Netherlands
4.18 per 1,000 people
Ranked 80th.
Educational attainment > Tertiary 10%
Ranked 18th.
22%
Ranked 16th. 2 times more than Italy
Education enrolment by level > Primary level 2.78 million
Ranked 45th. 2 times more than Netherlands
1.29 million
Ranked 65th.

High school > Population with at least high school education > Women 68%
Ranked 60th.
87.5%
Ranked 30th. 29% more than Italy

Elementary school graduate rate 99.56
Ranked 8th. 1% more than Netherlands
98.34
Ranked 19th.

Schools connected to the Internet 88%
Ranked 20th.
92%
Ranked 17th. 5% more than Italy
Public spending per student > Primary level 21.2
Ranked 14th. 38% more than Netherlands
15.4
Ranked 31st.
Secondary education, pupils per 1000 76.25
Ranked 85th.
92.19
Ranked 42nd. 21% more than Italy

Primary education, pupils per 1000 46.56
Ranked 138th.
77.38
Ranked 98th. 66% more than Italy

Girls to boys ratio > Tertiary level enrolment 1.34
Ranked 42nd. 24% more than Netherlands
1.08
Ranked 55th.

Girls to boys ratio > Secondary level enrolment 0.99
Ranked 97th. 1% more than Netherlands
0.98
Ranked 84th.

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita 33.48 per 1,000 people
Ranked 40th. 3% more than Netherlands
32.62 per 1,000 people
Ranked 42nd.

Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people 0.778
Ranked 126th.
0.802
Ranked 124th. 3% more than Italy

Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years 8
Ranked 14th. 33% more than Netherlands
6
Ranked 141st.

Teacher student ratio > High school 10.1
Ranked 97th.
13.32
Ranked 72nd. 32% more than Italy

Children out of school > Primary per 1000 0.192
Ranked 115th.
0.849
Ranked 100th. 4 times more than Italy

Inequality adjusted index 0.74
Ranked 36th.
0.897
Ranked 8th. 21% more than Italy
High school repeaters > Female 2.18
Ranked 59th.
3.92
Ranked 46th. 80% more than Italy

Teacher student ratio > Elementary school 10.33
Ranked 132nd.
17.17
Ranked 108th. 66% more than Italy

Hours of instruction for pupils aged 11 1,020 hours
Ranked 6th. 2% more than Netherlands
1,000 hours
Ranked 7th.
Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5 99.8%
Ranked 4th. 2% more than Netherlands
98.3%
Ranked 18th.

Elementary school > Enrolled students 2.82 million
Ranked 42nd. 2 times more than Netherlands
1.29 million
Ranked 59th.

Primary education > Duration > Years 5 years
Ranked 159th.
6 years
Ranked 138th. 20% more than Italy

Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $19,316.27
Ranked 16th.
$27,461.55
Ranked 7th. 42% more than Italy

School enrolment rate > 1st grade 105.66
Ranked 56th. 5% more than Netherlands
101.07
Ranked 64th.

Secondary education, general pupils per 1000 48.17
Ranked 127th. 2% more than Netherlands
47.33
Ranked 130th.

Hours of instruction for pupils aged 12 1,020 hours
Ranked 10th.
1,067 hours
Ranked 7th. 5% more than Italy
Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret 490
Ranked 25th.
504
Ranked 8th. 3% more than Italy
High school > Lower secondary starting age 11
Ranked 174th.
12
Ranked 132nd. 9% more than Italy

Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share 6.93%
Ranked 87th.
68.91%
Ranked 6th. 10 times more than Italy

Elementary school > Gender ratio 99.14
Ranked 61st. 1% more than Netherlands
98.18
Ranked 71st.

High school enrolment rate > Female 99.42
Ranked 18th.
100
Ranked 11th. 1% more than Italy
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level 99%
Ranked 20th. The same as Netherlands
99%
Ranked 24th.

Duration of education > Secondary level 8
Ranked 15th. 33% more than Netherlands
6
Ranked 135th.
Public spending per student > Tertiary level 26
Ranked 56th.
43
Ranked 37th. 65% more than Italy
Primary education > Pupils 2.77 million
Ranked 43th. 2 times more than Netherlands
1.28 million
Ranked 61st.

Secondary education > Pupils 4.51 million
Ranked 18th. 3 times more than Netherlands
1.4 million
Ranked 40th.

High school > Population with at least high school education > Men 78.1%
Ranked 49th.
90.4%
Ranked 29th. 16% more than Italy

Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita 79.22 per 1,000 people
Ranked 95th.
87.63 per 1,000 people
Ranked 79th. 11% more than Italy

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Tertiary level 56.25%
Ranked 38th. 10% more than Netherlands
51.01%
Ranked 74th.

Secondary education, vocational pupils 1.71 million
Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Netherlands
748,850
Ranked 15th.

Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher 10.33
Ranked 141st.
18.36
Ranked 97th. 78% more than Italy

Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries 78.45%
Ranked 33th.
78.97%
Ranked 29th. 1% more than Italy

Secondary education > Teachers 417,023.3
Ranked 11th. 4 times more than Netherlands
109,661
Ranked 31st.

School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary 16 years
Ranked 20th. The same as Netherlands
16 years
Ranked 23th.
School enrolment rate > 5th grade 99.56
Ranked 7th. The same as Netherlands
99.52
Ranked 7th.

Spending per secondary school student $6,458.00 per student
Ranked 7th. 22% more than Netherlands
$5,304.00 per student
Ranked 12th.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level 4.53 million
Ranked 22nd. 3 times more than Netherlands
1.42 million
Ranked 45th.

Scientific and technical journal articles per million 428.72
Ranked 22nd.
830.49
Ranked 6th. 94% more than Italy

Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts 476
Ranked 29th.
514
Ranked 8th. 8% more than Italy
Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts 489
Ranked 26th.
506
Ranked 8th. 3% more than Italy
Duration of education > Primary level 5
Ranked 141st.
6
Ranked 127th. 20% more than Italy
Expected duration of education for all students 15.8 years
Ranked 23th.
17.2 years
Ranked 12th. 9% more than Italy
Participation > Children out of school > Elementary 19,018
Ranked 68th. 50% more than Netherlands
12,705
Ranked 67th.

Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education 99.07%
Ranked 81st. 1% more than Netherlands
98.19%
Ranked 76th.

Public spending per student > Secondary level 27.1
Ranked 18th. 24% more than Netherlands
21.8
Ranked 29th.
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Primary level 48.41%
Ranked 85th. About the same as Netherlands
48.22%
Ranked 103th.

Progression to secondary school 99.65%
Ranked 12th. 2% more than Netherlands
98.12%
Ranked 35th.
Children out of school > Primary > Per capita 0.192 per 1,000 people
Ranked 116th.
0.849 per 1,000 people
Ranked 102nd. 4 times more than Italy

Educational attainment > Senior secondary 33%
Ranked 14th. 3% more than Netherlands
32%
Ranked 15th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate 482
Ranked 30th.
510
Ranked 9th. 6% more than Italy
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Women 99%
Ranked 19th. 1% more than Netherlands
98%
Ranked 36th.

High school > Upper secondary starting age 14
Ranked 192nd.
15
Ranked 162nd. 7% more than Italy

Elementary school starting age > Years 6
Ranked 117th. The same as Netherlands
6
Ranked 149th.

Library books 13.19 million
Ranked 2nd. 5 times more than Netherlands
2.66 million
Ranked 6th.
Teaching weeks per year > Primary 34 weeks per year
Ranked 34th.
40 weeks per year
Ranked 8th. 18% more than Italy
Elementary school repeaters > All 0.24
Ranked 123th.
2.18
Ranked 67th. 9 times more than Italy

School life expectancy > Male 14.5 years
Ranked 19th.
16 years
Ranked 5th. 10% more than Italy
Universities > Top 200 3
Ranked 18th.
10
Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Italy
Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita 48.3 per 1,000 people
Ranked 127th. 17% more than Netherlands
41.28 per 1,000 people
Ranked 136th.

Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita 0.049 per capita
Ranked 151st.
0.08 per capita
Ranked 125th. 63% more than Italy

Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000 48.62
Ranked 155th.
79.92
Ranked 125th. 64% more than Italy

Primary teacher salary > Starting $19,188.00
Ranked 14th.
$25,896.00
Ranked 4th. 35% more than Italy
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Men 100%
Ranked 13th. 1% more than Netherlands
99%
Ranked 30th.

Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge per million 0.0393%
Ranked 16th.
0.23%
Ranked 7th. 6 times more than Italy
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD 1.09%
Ranked 24th.
1.73%
Ranked 16th. 59% more than Italy
Library books per 1000 231.7
Ranked 3rd. 37% more than Netherlands
169.09
Ranked 4th.
Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level 10.7
Ranked 132nd. 9% more than Netherlands
9.8
Ranked 135th.
Secondary education > Vocational pupils 1.7 million
Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Netherlands
724,593
Ranked 16th.

Primary education > Teachers 260,769.1
Ranked 15th. 4 times more than Netherlands
63,022
Ranked 49th.
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Secondary level 48.46%
Ranked 100th.
48.55%
Ranked 96th. About the same as Italy

Expenditure on education > Change in expenditure on education > Expenditure in tertiary education 112.26 Index of change, year 200
Ranked 22nd. 2% more than Netherlands
110.56 Index of change, year 200
Ranked 23th.
Private school enrolment > Primary level 7
Ranked 44th.
68.4
Ranked 3rd. 10 times more than Italy
Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years 5
Ranked 148th.
6
Ranked 127th. 20% more than Italy

Library employees 595
Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Netherlands
250
Ranked 6th.
Educational attainment > Junior secondary 57%
Ranked 1st. 27% more than Netherlands
45%
Ranked 2nd.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 10 1,020 hours
Ranked 7th.
0.0
Ranked 37th.
Primary education > Teachers per 1000 4.48
Ranked 76th. 7% more than Netherlands
4.18
Ranked 82nd.
Secondary education > Pupils per 1000 77.45
Ranked 78th.
85.78
Ranked 65th. 11% more than Italy

Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita 0.118 per 1,000 people
Ranked 109th.
0.68 per 1,000 people
Ranked 92nd. 6 times more than Italy

Female enrolment share > Primary level 48.5%
Ranked 78th. About the same as Netherlands
48.3%
Ranked 91st.
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge 2.37%
Ranked 16th.
3.81%
Ranked 10th. 61% more than Italy
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ $1.17 trillion
Ranked 5th. 3 times more than Netherlands
$456.28 billion
Ranked 14th.

Universities > Top 200 per million 0.0512
Ranked 22nd.
0.613
Ranked 4th. 12 times more than Italy
Proportion of primary education time spent learning technology 9 5
Primary school starting age > Years 6
Ranked 130th. The same as Netherlands
6
Ranked 169th.

Scouting > Members 102,066
Ranked 16th. 2 times more than Netherlands
47,655
Ranked 27th.
High school > Share of total education spending 42.94%
Ranked 22nd. 6% more than Netherlands
40.68%
Ranked 27th.

Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries 82.58%
Ranked 43th.
84%
Ranked 38th. 2% more than Italy

Enrolment ratio > Secondary level 90.5%
Ranked 10th. 1% more than Netherlands
89.9%
Ranked 11th.
Participation > Secondary education > General pupils 2.87 million
Ranked 25th. 4 times more than Netherlands
775,682
Ranked 49th.

Ratio of female to male primary enrollment 99.51
Ranked 46th. 2% more than Netherlands
97.43
Ranked 90th.

Secondary education > Teachers per 1000 7.17
Ranked 40th. 6% more than Netherlands
6.74
Ranked 46th.

Secondary education > General pupils per 1000 48.3
Ranked 126th. 17% more than Netherlands
41.28
Ranked 134th.

Children out of school > Primary > Male 4,320
Ranked 74th. 58% more than Netherlands
2,740
Ranked 81st.

Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index 0.986
Ranked 86th.
0.991
Ranked 71st. About the same as Italy

Spending per primary school student $5,653.00 per student
Ranked 6th. 49% more than Netherlands
$3,795.00 per student
Ranked 11th.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 13 0.0
Ranked 38th.
1,067 hours
Ranked 10th.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 9 1,020 hours
Ranked 7th. 2% more than Netherlands
1,000 hours
Ranked 8th.
Female enrolment share > Secondary level 48.1%
Ranked 89th. The same as Netherlands
48.1%
Ranked 90th.
Private school enrolment > Secondary level 5.5
Ranked 18th.
75.1
Ranked 5th. 14 times more than Italy
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000 79.23
Ranked 95th.
87.63
Ranked 81st. 11% more than Italy

Scouting > Members per thousand people 1.68
Ranked 70th.
2.84
Ranked 50th. 70% more than Italy
Outcomes > Tertiary attainment > Tertiary attainment for age group 55-64 8.58%
Ranked 27th.
24.59%
Ranked 9th. 3 times more than Italy
Primary completion rate > Women 101
Ranked 30th. 2% more than Netherlands
99
Ranked 43th.

Proportion of primary education time spent learning science 10%
Ranked 26th. 25% more than Netherlands
8%
Ranked 33th.
School life expectancy > Female 14.8 years
Ranked 20th.
15.8 years
Ranked 10th. 7% more than Italy
Elementary school repeaters > Male 0.3
Ranked 120th.
2.58
Ranked 54th. 9 times more than Italy

Elementary school repeaters > Female 0.18
Ranked 121st.
1.77
Ranked 55th. 10 times more than Italy

Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5 > Men 100%
Ranked 6th. 1% more than Netherlands
98.8%
Ranked 10th.

Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita 0.074 per 1,000 people
Ranked 111th.
0.168 per 1,000 people
Ranked 106th. 2 times more than Italy

High school teachers 450,757
Ranked 11th. 4 times more than Netherlands
108,440
Ranked 29th.

Elementary school teachers 273,113
Ranked 16th. 3 times more than Netherlands
79,000
Ranked 22nd.

Primary teacher salary > After 15 years $23,137.00
Ranked 17th.
$30,881.00
Ranked 8th. 33% more than Italy
Homeschooling prevalance Unknown Around 400 children exempt*
High school enrolment rate > Male 100
Ranked 9th. 4% more than Netherlands
96.36
Ranked 38th.
Proportion of 15 year-olds in secondary education 89%
Ranked 26th.
103%
Ranked 1st. 16% more than Italy
Proportion of 20 year olds in tertiary education 26%
Ranked 17th.
32%
Ranked 12th. 23% more than Italy
Primary completion rate > Men 101
Ranked 28th. The same as Netherlands
101
Ranked 33th.

Participation > Secondary education > Pupils 4.51 million
Ranked 17th. 3 times more than Netherlands
1.41 million
Ranked 37th.

Proportion of primary education time spent learning vocational skills n n
Universities > Top 200 > Per $ GDP 0.002 per $1 billion of GDP
Ranked 26th.
0.017 per $1 billion of GDP
Ranked 7th. 9 times more than Italy
Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita 77.45 per 1,000 people
Ranked 83th.
85.78 per 1,000 people
Ranked 66th. 11% more than Italy

Primary education > Pupils per 1000 47.59
Ranked 155th.
78.8
Ranked 120th. 66% more than Italy

Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment 98.81
Ranked 88th. About the same as Netherlands
98.37
Ranked 90th.

Intake ratio to last grade of primary > Females None
None

Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD per million 0.0181%
Ranked 26th.
0.105%
Ranked 14th. 6 times more than Italy
Share of university qualifications awarded to females 56%
Ranked 14th. 4% more than Netherlands
54%
Ranked 16th.
Primary teacher age > Proportion aged 30-39 27%
Ranked 11th. 29% more than Netherlands
21%
Ranked 20th.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning foreign languages 11 14
Primary teacher salary > Starting per 1000 $0.34
Ranked 18th.
$1.64
Ranked 12th. 5 times more than Italy
Spending per secondary school student > Per $ GDP $0.00 per student per $1,000
Ranked 15th.
$0.00 per student per $1,000
Ranked 12th. 3 times more than Italy
Library employees per million 10.46
Ranked 4th.
15.92
Ranked 2nd. 52% more than Italy
Expected duration of education for males 15.6 years
Ranked 22nd.
17.4 years
Ranked 6th. 12% more than Italy
Proportion of 16 year-olds in secondary education 83%
Ranked 26th.
107%
Ranked 1st. 29% more than Italy
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > First degree 56%
Ranked 14th. 4% more than Netherlands
54%
Ranked 16th.
Proportion of 19 year olds in tertiary education 4%
Ranked 25th.
27%
Ranked 12th. 7 times more than Italy
School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net 98.66% net
Ranked 11th. 1% more than Netherlands
97.97% net
Ranked 19th.

School enrollment > Primary > Male > % net 99.01% net
Ranked 11th.
99.39% net
Ranked 8th. About the same as Italy

Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment 37.3%
Ranked 58th. 6% more than Netherlands
35.2%
Ranked 63th.

Public spending on education, total > % of GDP 4.5%
Ranked 66th.
5.96%
Ranked 30th. 32% more than Italy

Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment 53.3%
Ranked 15th. 26% more than Netherlands
42.2%
Ranked 28th.

Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force 14.4%
Ranked 43th.
31.5%
Ranked 9th. 2 times more than Italy

Unemployment with secondary education, female > % of female unemployment 43.1%
Ranked 51st. 13% more than Netherlands
38.3%
Ranked 61st.

Education spending > % of GDP 4.7%
Ranked 64th.
5.1%
Ranked 57th. 9% more than Italy
Spending per primary school student > Per $ GDP $0.00 per student per $1,000
Ranked 14th.
$0.00 per student per $1,000
Ranked 12th. 2 times more than Italy
Proportion of 18 year olds in secondary education 63%
Ranked 10th. 3% more than Netherlands
61%
Ranked 11th.
Public spending on public institutions 91.6%
Ranked 14th. 3 times more than Netherlands
27.4%
Ranked 30th.
School enrollment > Preprimary > % gross 102.7% gross
Ranked 14th. 16% more than Netherlands
88.88% gross
Ranked 31st.

Ratio of female to male enrollments in tertiary education 133.69
Ranked 38th. 24% more than Netherlands
108.07
Ranked 72nd.

Primary teacher salary > Starting; ratio to GDP per capita $23,137.00
Ranked 17th.
$30,881.00
Ranked 8th. 33% more than Italy
Expenditure per student > Secondary > % of GDP per capita 29.17%
Ranked 12th. 24% more than Netherlands
23.6%
Ranked 32nd.

Proportion of primary education time spent learning arts 13 7
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > Second degree 56%
Ranked 8th.
66%
Ranked 3rd. 18% more than Italy
Secondary education > Pupils > % female 48.49% female
Ranked 81st.
48.5% female
Ranked 80th. The same as Italy

Proportion of 17 year olds in secondary education 73%
Ranked 22nd.
89%
Ranked 11th. 22% more than Italy
Primary completion rate > Total > % of relevant age group 101.35%
Ranked 31st. 1% more than Netherlands
99.9%
Ranked 39th.

Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net 98.18%
Ranked 13th.
98.37%
Ranked 13th. About the same as Italy

Government spending on education > % of government spending 8.96%
Ranked 69th.
11.98%
Ranked 62nd. 34% more than Italy

Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross 103.36%
Ranked 70th.
105.89%
Ranked 53th. 2% more than Italy

School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Female 17 years
Ranked 15th. 6% more than Netherlands
16 years
Ranked 30th.
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education > % 98.77%
Ranked 70th.
98.89%
Ranked 68th. About the same as Italy

School enrollment, preprimary, female > % gross 97.27%
Ranked 27th. 9% more than Netherlands
89.54%
Ranked 34th.

School enrollment, preprimary, male > % gross 99.38%
Ranked 21st. 10% more than Netherlands
90.01%
Ranked 35th.

Secondary education, pupils > % female 48.15%
Ranked 86th.
48.47%
Ranked 72nd. 1% more than Italy

Expenditure per student, primary > % of GDP per capita 24.09%
Ranked 16th. 29% more than Netherlands
18.6%
Ranked 41st.

Services, etc., value added > Current US$ per capita $22,032.92
Ranked 18th.
$30,739.09
Ranked 9th. 40% more than Italy

Services, etc., value added > Current US$, % of GDP 65.26%
Ranked 27th.
65.93%
Ranked 23th. 1% more than Italy

Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment > % 98.66%
Ranked 73th.
98.79%
Ranked 70th. About the same as Italy

Ratio of female to male primary enrollment > % 98.94%
Ranked 68th.
99.05%
Ranked 63th. About the same as Italy

Participation > School enrollment > Preprimary > % gross 101.3%
Ranked 13th. 1% more than Netherlands
100.3%
Ranked 17th.

Participation > School enrollment > Primary > % net 98.63%
Ranked 9th.
98.75%
Ranked 10th. About the same as Italy

Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Male > % gross 104.26%
Ranked 79th.
107.85%
Ranked 54th. 3% more than Italy

Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Male > % net 99.06%
Ranked 7th.
99.11%
Ranked 10th. The same as Italy

Participation > School enrollment > Primary > Private > % of total primary 6.98%
Ranked 81st.
68.91%
Ranked 5th. 10 times more than Italy

Adjusted savings > Education expenditure > % of GNI 4.61% of GNI
Ranked 62nd.
4.91% of GNI
Ranked 55th. 7% more than Italy

Public spending on education > Total > % of GDP 4.87%
Ranked 55th.
5.32%
Ranked 45th. 9% more than Italy

Unemployment with primary education > % of total unemployment 49.4%
Ranked 17th. 7% more than Netherlands
46.3%
Ranked 22nd.

Unemployment with secondary education > % of total unemployment 41.4%
Ranked 38th. 18% more than Netherlands
35.1%
Ranked 51st.

Expenditure per student > Primary > % of GDP per capita 25.91%
Ranked 7th. 39% more than Netherlands
18.66%
Ranked 30th.

School enrollment > Secondary > Male > % gross 99.63% gross
Ranked 25th.
119.71% gross
Ranked 4th. 20% more than Italy

Expenditure per student > Tertiary > % of GDP per capita 24.09%
Ranked 50th.
42.96%
Ranked 25th. 78% more than Italy

Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5 > Women 99.6%
Ranked 8th. 2% more than Netherlands
97.8%
Ranked 21st.

School enrollment > Primary > % net 98.84% net
Ranked 9th. About the same as Netherlands
98.7% net
Ranked 11th.

Proportion of 17 year olds in tertiary education 0.0
Ranked 26th.
5%
Ranked 1st.
School enrollment > Secondary > % gross 99.05% gross
Ranked 27th.
118.75% gross
Ranked 4th. 20% more than Italy

Rhodes scholarships > Recipients > > 1902-2009 5
Ranked 18th. 5 times more than Netherlands
1
Ranked 21st.
Primary teacher age > Proportion aged 50-59 25%
Ranked 6th. 9% more than Netherlands
23%
Ranked 10th.
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Male 16 years
Ranked 15th.
17 years
Ranked 8th. 6% more than Italy
Persistence to last grade of primary, total > % of cohort 99.52%
Ranked 4th. 1% more than Netherlands
98.22%
Ranked 17th.

School enrollment, primary > % gross 99.98%
Ranked 100th.
107.64%
Ranked 44th. 8% more than Italy

School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % gross 98.45% gross
Ranked 33th.
117.76% gross
Ranked 5th. 20% more than Italy

School enrollment, primary, female > % net 96.66%
Ranked 25th.
97.8%
Ranked 12th. 1% more than Italy

Persistence to grade 5, total > % of cohort 99.52%
Ranked 5th. 1% more than Netherlands
98.97%
Ranked 14th.

SOURCES: UNESCO; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeschooling_international_status_and_statistics; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Lynn, R. and Vanhanen, T. (2002). IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-97510-X; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Development Indicators database; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's Statistical Yearbook, and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics online database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute of Statistics; Wikipedia: List of countries by student performance (Reading); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members (Table of World Organization of the Scout Movement members); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; OECD Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2003; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2001); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; The Times, 2005; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009; World Bank national accounts data; The Times, 2005. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; "WOSM MEMBERSHIP as at 31st December 2012". World Organization of the Scout Movement. August 2013.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members (Table of World Organization of the Scout Movement members) ("WOSM MEMBERSHIP as at 31st December 2012" . World Organization of the Scout Movement . Retrieved 2014-03-03 .). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a91, Gross intake ratio to last grade of primary; UNESCO Institute of Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; United Nations Human Development Programme; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; World Bank national accounts data. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Wikipedia: Rhodes Scholarship Allocations

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