Compare key data on Japan & Taiwan

Definitions

Cost of living > Average monthly disposable salary > After tax: Average Monthly Disposable Salary (After Tax). Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Average Monthly Disposable Salary (After Tax)". Prices in current USD.
Crime > Crime levels: Level of crime. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How serious you feel the level of crime is?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Crime > Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents: Number of privately owned small firearms per 100 residents.
Crime > Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate: Homicides per 100’000 residents. Homicide is the death of a person purposefully inflicted by another person (it excludes suicides) outside of a state of war. Homicide is a broader category than murder, as it also includes manslaughter. The exact legal definition varies across countries, some of which include infanticide, assisted suicide, euthanasia and deaths caused by dangerous driving.
Economy > Budget surplus > + or deficit > -: This entry records the difference between national government revenues and expenditures, expressed as a percent of GDP. A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit). Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money. Countries with high budget deficits (relative to their GDPs) generally have more difficulty raising funds to finance expenditures, than those with lower deficits.
Economy > Population below poverty line: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations.
Geography > Area > Comparative: The area of various small countries expressed in comparison to various areas within the United States of America.
Geography > Area > Land: Total land area in square kilometres
Geography > Climate: A brief description of typical weather regimes throughout the year.
Geography > Land area > Square miles: Country land area.
Government > Government type: A description of the basic form of government (e.g., republic, constitutional monarchy, federal republic, parliamentary democracy, military dictatorship).
Government > Legal system: A brief description of the legal system's historical roots, role in government, and acceptance of International Court of Justice (ICJ) jurisdiction.
Government > Legislative branch: This entry contains information on the structure (unicameral, bicameral, tricameral), formal name, number of seats, and term of office. Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election. Election results includes the percent of vote and/or number of seats held by each party in the last election.
Military > Air force > Combat aircraft: Number of fighter aircrafts (fixed wing aircrafts with combat capability).
People > Population: Population, total refers to the total population.
Geography > Geographic coordinates: This entry includes rounded latitude and longitude figures for the purpose of finding the approximate geographic center of an entity and is based on the Gazetteer of Conventional Names, Third Edition, August 1988, US Board on Geographic Names and on other sources.
Religion > Religions: This entry includes a rank ordering of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population.
Cost of living > Local purchasing power: Local Purchasing Power shows relative purchasing power in buying goods and services in a given city for the average wage in that city. If domestic purchasing power is 40, this means that the inhabitants of that city with the average salary can afford to buy 60% less typical goods and services than New York City residents with an average salary.
Military > Army > Main battle tanks: Number of main battle tanks.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Cigarettes > Pack of Marlboro: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of a Pack of Cigarettes (Marlboro). Prices in current USD.
Economy > Unemployment rate: This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
People > Ethnic groups: This entry provides a rank ordering of ethnic groups starting with the largest and normally includes the percent of total population.
Government > Suffrage: The age at enfranchisement and whether the right to vote is universal or restricted
Geography > Area > Total: Total area in square kilometers
Government > Constitution: The dates of adoption, revisions, and major amendments to a nation's constitution
Crime > Drugs > Annual cannabis use: Estimate of percentage of 15-64 year old population who use Cannabis.
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage: Minimum wage.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Government > Judicial branch: The name(s) of the highest court(s) and a brief description of the selection process for members.
Transport > Road > Motor vehicles per 1000 people: Motor vehicles per 1000 people.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
People > Birth rate: The average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population.
Crime > Drugs > Opiates use: Annual prevalence.
Economy > Budget > Revenues: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year.
Crime > Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year): Year of last use.
Government > Political parties and leaders: Significant political organizations and their leaders.
Economy > Economy > Overview: This entry briefly describes the type of economy, including the degree of market orientation, the level of economic development, the most important natural resources, and the unique areas of specialization. It also characterizes major economic events and policy changes in the most recent 12 months and may include a statement about one or two key future macroeconomic trends.
Economy > Exports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
Government > Executive branch > Cabinet: Cabinet includes the official name for any body of high-ranking advisers roughly comparable to a U.S. Cabinet. Also notes the method for selection of members.
Military > Budget: Annual defense budget in billion USD.
Economy > GDP > Per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption > Per capita: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
People > Death rate: The average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate. The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on population growth. This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining fertility results in an aging population.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Water > 1.5 litre bottle: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of a bottle of water (1.5 liter). Prices in current USD.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Loaf of bread > Fresh, white: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of a Loaf of Fresh White Bread (500g). Prices in current USD.
Government > Political pressure groups and leaders: Organizations with leaders involved in politics, but not standing for legislative election.
Geography > Natural resources: A country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
People > Population growth rate: The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring countries.
Geography > Area > Land > Per capita: Total land area in square kilometres Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Telephones > Mobile cellular > Per capita: The total number of mobile cellular telephones in use. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Internet > Internet users per thousand people: Internet users. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Cost of living > Basic utilities > Garbage, water, heating, electricity for 85 sqm apartment: Basic (Electricity, Heating, Water, Garbage) for 85m2 Apartment. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Basic (Electricity, Heating, Water, Garbage) for 85m2 Apartment". Prices in current USD.
Crime > Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years: Crime increasing in the past 3 years. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "In the past three years would you say the level of crime in your community has increased, stayed about the same, or decreased?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Crime > Fear of crime > Violent hate crime: Worries being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being subject to a physical attack because of your skin colour, ethnic origin or religion?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Debt > Government debt > Public debt, share of GDP: Public debt as % of GDP (CIA).
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Economy > Public debt: This entry records the cumulatiive total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings.
Economy > Inflation rate > Consumer prices: This entry furnishes the annual percent change in consumer prices compared with the previous year's consumer prices.
Crime > Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night: Safety walking alone during night. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the night?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Language > Languages: A rank ordering of languages starting with the largest and sometimes includes the percent of total population speaking that language.
Transport > Road network length > Km: Length of road network in kilometers in European Union countries.
Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin, which shows where production takes place in an economy. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other private economic activities that do not produce material goods.
Economy > Exports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Milk > 1 litre: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 liter of regular Milk. Prices in current USD.
Cost of living > Cinema ticket price > International release: Cinema, International Release, 1 Seat. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Cinema, International Release, 1 Seat". Prices in current USD.
Cost of living > Clothing and shoe prices > Shoes > Pair of Nikes: 1 Pair of Nike Shoes. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "1 Pair of Nike Shoes". Prices in current USD.
Government > Administrative divisions: This entry generally gives the numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent index: Rent Index is estimation of prices of renting apartments in the city compared to New York City. If Rent index is 80, Numbeo estimates that price for renting in that city is 80% of price in New York.
Education > Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Health > Quality of health care system > Health care system index: Health Care Index is an estimation of the overall quality of the health care system, health care professionals, equipment, staff, doctors, cost, etc.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Egg > Dozen: Average prize of a dozen eggs. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked about the prize of a dozen eggs. Prices in current USD.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 3 bedroom apartment > City centre: Apartment (3 bedrooms) in City Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Apartment (3 bedrooms) in City Centre". Prices in current USD.
Economy > Distribution of family income > Gini index: This index measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country. The index is calculated from the Lorenz curve, in which cumulative family income is plotted against the number of families arranged from the poorest to the ric
Religion > Religions > All: This entry includes a rank ordering of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population.
Cost of living > Transport prices > New car > Volkswagen Golf 1.4 or similar: Volkswagen Golf 1.4 90 KW Trendline (Or Equivalent New Car). Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Volkswagen Golf 1.4 90 KW Trendline (Or Equivalent New Car)". Prices in current USD.
Military > Global Peace Index: The Global Peace Index is comprised of 22 indicators in the three categories ongoing domestic or international conflicts; societal safety; and security and militarization. A low index value indicates a peaceful and safe country.
Energy > Oil > Consumption > Per capita: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Geography > Terrain: A brief description of the topography
Health > Life expectancy at birth > Total population: The average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
Transport > Road > Motorway length: Total network length of all motorways in km.
Military > Service age and obligation: This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of sevice obligation.
Geography > Location: The country's regional location, neighboring countries, and adjacent bodies of water.
Health > Quality of health care system > Cost: Cost to you. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Argentina, Austria and 69 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Germany and 7 more countries and over 100 contributions for Canada, India, United Kingdom and 1 more country. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from October, 2010 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Cost to you". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Lifestyle > Quality of life index: Quality of Life Index is an estimation of overall quality of life by using empirical formula (the formula is an our opinion and it's based on experiments). The actual formula might be changed. Currently, we put the highest weight to pollution - if the environment is polluted too much, the economy or safety cannot fulfill it. We put the second highest importance to safety, since it is more important to feel safe rather than wealthy, in our opinion. etc. The number 65 is added so that the numbers are in such range so it rarely goes under zero (65 is a range modifier).
Labor > Labor force > By occupation: Component parts of the labor force by occupation.
Labor > Unemployment rate: The percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Air pollution: Air Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the quality of air in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Conflict > Terrorism > Global Terrorism Index: Score on Global Terrorism Index. A high value indicates that a country is affected by many terrorist incidents with a strong impact in terms of fatalities, injuries and damaged property.
Military > WMD > Nuclear: A description of the nation's situation with regards to the possession and manufacture of nuclear weapons
Culture > Happy Planet Index: The Happy Planet Index (HPI) is calculated from three components: Perceived well-being, life expectancy and ecological footprint. A higher value indicates a happier population.
Government > Executive branch > Head of government: Head of government includes the name and title of the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government. For example, in the UK, the monarch is the chief of state, and the prime minister is the head of government. In the US, the president is both the chief of state and the head of government.
Geography > Coastline: The total length of the boundary between the land area (including islands) and the sea.
Labor > Labor force: The total labor force figure
Environment > Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
Energy > Oil > Consumption: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors.
Geography > Geographic location: Geographic location of island countries.
Health > Life expectancy > Men: Life expectancy for men.
Military > Navy > Submarines: Number of patrol boats (includes minesweepers).
Media > Television > List of TV stations: List of TV stations.
Energy > Oil > Production > Per capita: This entry is the total oil produced in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Military > WMD > Missile: A description of the nation's situation with regards to the possession and manufacture of missile weapons of mass destruction
People > Total fertility rate: The average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their child-bearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. The total fertility rate is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential for population growth in the country. High rates will also place some limits on the labor force participation rates for women. Large numbers of children born to women indicate large family sizes that might limit the ability of the families to feed and educate their children.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Rice > White, 1kg: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 kg of White Rice. Prices in current USD.
Government > Executive branch > Chief of state: The name and title of any person or role roughly equivalent to a U.S. Chief of State. This means the titular leader of the country who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions but may not be involved with the day-to-day activities of the government
Agriculture > Grains > Rice > Consumption: Figures for 2003/2004
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller.
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Hourly minimum wage: Hourly minimum wage at international USD (this means that discrepancies in purchasing power have been compensated for).
Government > Capital city > Name: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Government > International organization participation: This entry lists in alphabetical order by abbreviation those international organizations in which the subject country is a member or participates in some other way.
Crime > Prisoners: Total persons incarcerated
Weather > Temperature > Highest temperature ever recorded: Temperature.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Religion > Major religion(s): Country major religions.
Cost of living > Internet > Broadband 6Mpbs, uncapped data: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked abot the price of an Internet connection (6 Mbps, Unlimited Data, Cable/ADSL)". Prices in current USD.
Geography > Area > Water: Total water area in square kilometers
People > Age structure > 0-14 years: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Military > Military service age and obligation: This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of service obligation.
Transport > Airports: Total number of airports. Runways must be useable, but may be unpaved. May not have facilities for refuelling, maintenance, or air traffic control.
Military > Navy > Aircraft carriers: Number of aircraft carriers.
Geography > Area > Comparative to US places: This entry provides an area comparison based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states based on area measurements (1990 revised) provided by the US Bureau of the Census. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 sq km, 69 sq mi) or The Mall in Washington, DC (0.59 sq km, 0.23 sq mi, 146 acres).
Language > Major language(s): Country major languages.
Media > News Agencies > List of news agencies: List of news agencies.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Apartment purchase price per sqm > City centre: Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment in City Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment in City Centre". Prices in current USD.
Economy > Fiscal year: The beginning and ending months for a country's accounting period of 12 months, which often is the calendar year but which may begin in any month. All yearly references are for the calendar year (CY) unless indicated as a noncalendar fiscal year (FY).
Background > Overview: A geopolitical overview of every sovereign country in the world, briefly examining their recent history and place on the global stage. The texts are taken from the BBC News website.
People > Age structure > 65 years and over: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest."
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Industry: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods produced by the industrial sector within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
Crime > Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery: Problem violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Labor > Hours worked > Standard workweek: Standard workweek (hours).
People > Nationality > Noun: The noun which identifies citizens of the nation
Media > Radio > List of radio stations: List of radio stations.
Crime > Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day: Safety walking alone during daylight. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How safe do you feel walking alone in this city during the daylight?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Imports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Education > Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Industry: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Health > Infant mortality rate > Total: This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
Cost of living > Clothing and shoe prices > Jeans > 1 pair of Levi 501s or equivalent: 1 Pair of Jeans (Levis 501 Or Similar). Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "1 Pair of Jeans (Levis 501 Or Similar)". Prices in current USD.
Transport > Commute > Distance: Distance. Based on 0-50 contributions for Argentina, Armenia, Austria and 63 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Germany and 5 more countries and over 100 contributions for Canada, India, and United States. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Distance".
Geography > Elevation extremes > Highest point: Highest point above sea level
Economy > Technology index: The technology index denotes the country's technological readiness. This index is created with such indicators as companies spending on R&D, the creativity of its scientific community, personal computer and internet penetration rates.
Transport > Road > Expressway length: Expressway length (km).
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Military > Military expenditures: This entry gives spending on defense programs for the most recent year available as a percent of gross domestic product (GDP); the GDP is calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). For countries with no military forces, this figure can include expenditures on public security and police.
Agriculture > Products: Major agricultural crops and products
Cost of living > Consumer price index > Plus rent: Consumer Price Plus Rent Index is an estimation of consumer goods prices including rent in the city comparing to New York City. If a city has a an index of 120, it means Numbeo estimates it is 20% more expensive than New York (excluding rent).
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > McDonalds meal: Combo Meal at McDonalds or Similar. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Combo Meal at McDonalds or Similar". Prices in current USD.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Water pollution: Water Pollution. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you concerned with the water pollution in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Population below poverty line > Per capita: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. Per capita figures expressed per 1 million population.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Chicken breasts > Skinless, boneless: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 kg of Chicken Breasts (Boneless, Skinless). Prices in current USD.
Economy > Big Mac Index: Price of a McDonald's Big Mac in US Dollars at current exchange rates. January 12th, 2006.
Military > Military branches: This entry lists the service branches subordinate to defense ministries or the equivalent (typically ground, naval, air, and marine forces).
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP per thousand people: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Energy > Electricity > Installed generating capacity per thousand people: This entry is the total capacity of currently installed generators, expressed in kilowatts (kW), to produce electricity. A 10-kilowatt (kW) generator will produce 10 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity, if it runs continuously for one hour. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Economy > Exports > Commodities: This entry provides a listing of the highest-valued exported products; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
Religion > Christianity > Percent Christian: Percentage of population that is Christian.
Crime > Prisoners > Per capita: Data for 2003. Number of prisoners held per 100,000 population.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Groceries index: Groceries Index is an estimation of grocery prices in a given location compared to New York City. To calculate this section, Numbeo uses the "Markets" section of each city.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Religion > Seventh-day Adventist Membership: This entry lists Seventh-day Adventist membership worldwide as of 2004. Membership is defined as baptised and active.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 1 bedroom apartment > City centre: Apartment (1 bedroom) in City Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Apartment (1 bedroom) in City Centre". Prices in current USD.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Apple > 1kg: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 kg of apples. Prices in current USD.
Energy > Electricity > Production: The annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
Government > Country name > Conventional long form: This entry is derived from Government > Country name, which includes all forms of the country's name approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example): conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form (Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form (Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation. Also see the Terminology note.
People > Cities > Urban population: Total population living in urban areas. The defition of an urban area differs for each country. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Geography > Land use > Arable land: The percentage of used land that is arable. Arable land is land cultivated for crops that are replanted after each harvest like wheat, maize, and rice
Religion > Secularism and atheism > Population considering religion unimportant: Percentage of population who says religion is not important in their daily lives. The survey was carried out within the Gallup Poll.
Crime > Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked: Worries attacked. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How worried are you about)......being physically attacked by strangers?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Services: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Economy > Imports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
People > Nationality > Adjective: This entry is derived from People > Nationality, which provides the identifying terms for citizens - noun and adjective.
Media > Radio broadcast stations: The total number of AM, FM, and shortwave broadcast stations.
People > Sex ratio > Total population: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Air quality: Air quality. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How satisfied are you with the quality of air in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Government > Executive branch > Elections: Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election
Crime > Software piracy rate: The piracy rate is the total number of units of pirated software deployed in 2007 divided by the total units of software installed.
Religion > Christian > Mormon > Congregations: Total Congregations.
Military > Expenditures > Percent of GDP: Current military expenditures as an estimated percent of gross domestic product (GDP).
Economy > Budget > Expenditures: Expenditures calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
People > Sex ratio > At birth: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
Energy > Crude oil > Production: This entry is the total amount of crude oil produced, in barrels per day (bbl/day).
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > Restaurant index: Restaurants Index is a comparison of prices of meals and drinks in restaurants and bars compared to NYC.
Crime > Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft: Problem property crimes such as vandalism and theft. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) property crimes such as vandalism and theft?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Budget > Revenues > Per capita: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Transport > Rail > Railway length: Railway length in kilometers.
Cost of living > Sports > Tennis court hire > 1 hour, weekend: Tennis Court Rent (1 Hour on Weekend). Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Tennis Court Rent (1 Hour on Weekend)". Prices in current USD.
Environment > Transport CO2 emission index: CO2 Emission Index is an estimation of CO2 consumption due to traffic time. Measurement unit is grams for the return trip. To calculate an average estimation of emission in grams for one way commute to work, divide this value with 2.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Apartment purchase price per sqm > Outside city centre: Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment Outside of Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment Outside of Centre". Prices in current USD.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Potatoes > 1kg: Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014 (sample survey for the United States). Respondents were asked about the price of 1 kg of potatoes. Prices in current USD.
Culture > Food and drink > Fast food > McDonalds > First outlet notes: Facts and peculiarities regarding the opening of a McDonald's in each country.
Government > National symbol(s): A national symbol is a faunal, floral, or other abstract representation - or some distinctive object - that over time has come to be closely identified with a country or entity. Not all countries have national symbols; a few countries have more than one.
Religion > Muslim > Muslim percentage of total population: Muslim percentage (%) of total population 2014 Pew Report.
Cost of living > IPad Index: Price of an Apple iPad Air 16 GB WIFI, in USD.
Media > Internet > Users > Per capita: This entry gives the number of users within a country that access the Internet. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Religion > Islam > Percentage Muslim: Percent of Muslims in each country.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Drinking water pollution: Drinking Water Pollution and Inaccessibility. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "How do you find quality and the accessibility of drinking water?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > 3 course meal for 2: Meal for 2, Mid-range Restaurant, Three-course. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Meal for 2, Mid-range Restaurant, Three-course". Prices in current USD.
Industry > Car > Production: OICA defines passenger cars as motor vehicles used for transporting passengers with at least four wheels and containing 8 seats or less.
Health > Life expectancy > Women: Life expectancy for women.
Geography > Natural hazards: Potential natural disasters.
Economy > Exports > Main exports: Country main exports.
Government > Flag description: A written flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags.
Culture > Food and drink > Fast food > McDonalds > First outlet date: The date when the first McDonald's outlet opened in each country.
Geography > Maritime claims > Territorial sea: territorial sea - the sovereignty of a coastal State extends beyond its land territory and internal waters to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea in the LOS Convention (Part II); this sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as its underlying seabed and subsoil; every State has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles. A full and definitive definition can be found in the Law of the Sea (LOS) Convention.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Clean water: Water Quality. Based on 0-50 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Argentina and 86 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Canada, China and 9 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Brazil, Bulgaria, Greece and 12 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from January, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Are you concerned with the water pollution in this city?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > Debt > External: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 1 bedroom apartment > Outside city centre: Apartment (1 bedroom) Outside of Centre. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Aland Islands, Andorra and 81 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Albania, Algeria, Armenia and 19 more countries and over 100 contributions for Argentina, Australia, Austria and 82 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from May, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "Apartment (1 bedroom) Outside of Centre". Prices in current USD.
Crime > Perceived problems > Illegal drugs: Problem people using or dealing drugs. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) people using or dealing drugs?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Media > Televisions: The total number of televisions
Media > Telephones > Main lines in use > Per capita: The total number of main telephone lines in use. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Economy > Debt > External > Per capita: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Crime > Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery: Problem corruption and bribery. Based on 0-50 contributions for Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria and 82 more countries and 50-100 contributions for Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria and 24 more countries and over 100 contributions for Australia, Brazil, Canada and 17 more countries. The surveys were conducted by numbeo.com from July, 2011 to February, 2014. See this sample survey for the United States, respondents were asked "(How much of a problem are...) corruption and bribery?". The higher the value, the more survey respondents believe it is high in their country.
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Services: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final services produced within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
Energy > Electricity > Production > Per capita: The annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Transport > Road > Motorway density: Meters of motorway per square kilometer.

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STAT	Japan	Taiwan
Cost of living > Average monthly disposable salary > After tax	$2,782.43 Ranked 23th. 2 times more than Taiwan	$1,307.43 Ranked 50th.
Crime > Crime levels	12.8 Ranked 18th.	13.57 Ranked 91st. 6% more than Japan
Crime > Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents	0.6 Ranked 158th.	4.6 Ranked 102nd. 8 times more than Japan
Crime > Violent crime > Intentional homicide rate	0.35 Ranked 44th.	2.7 Ranked 10th. 8 times more than Japan
Economy > Budget surplus > + or deficit > -	-10% of GDP Ranked 171st. 4 times more than Taiwan	-2.6% of GDP Ranked 84th.
Economy > Population below poverty line	16% Ranked 32nd. 11 times more than Taiwan	1.5% Ranked 17th.
Geography > Area > Comparative	slightly smaller than California	slightly smaller than Maryland and Delaware combined
Geography > Area > Land	374,744 sq km Ranked 60th. 12 times more than Taiwan	32,260 sq km Ranked 135th.
Geography > Climate	varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north	tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year
Geography > Land area > Square miles	145,894 square miles Ranked 24th. 10 times more than Taiwan	13,972 square miles Ranked 1st.
Government > Government type	a parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy	multiparty democracy
Government > Legal system	civil law system based on German model; system also reflects Anglo-American influence and Japanese traditions; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court	civil law system
Government > Legislative branch	bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of the House of Councillors or Sangi-in (242 seats - members elected for fixed six-year terms; half reelected every three years; 146 members in multi-seat constituencies and 96 by proportional representation) and the House of Representatives or Shugi-in (480 seats - members elected for maximum four-year terms; 300 in single-seat constituencies; 180 members by proportional representation in 11 regional blocs); the prime minister has the right to dissolve the House of Representatives at any time with the concurrence of the cabinet	unicameral Legislative Yuan (113 seats - 73 district members elected by popular vote, 34 at-large members elected on basis of proportion of islandwide votes received by participating political parties, 6 elected by popular vote among aboriginal populations; members to serve four-year terms); parties must receive 5% of vote to qualify for at-large seats
Military > Air force > Combat aircraft	374 Ranked 6th. 4% more than Taiwan	360 Ranked 5th.
People > Population	127.25 million Ranked 10th. 5 times more than Taiwan	23.3 million Ranked 51st.
Geography > Geographic coordinates	36 00 N, 138 00 E	23 30 N, 121 00 E
Religion > Religions	observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84%, other 16% (including Christian 0.7%)	mixture of Buddhist and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5%
Cost of living > Local purchasing power	93.22 Ranked 18th. 26% more than Taiwan	73.94 Ranked 31st.
Military > Army > Main battle tanks	902 Ranked 7th.	1,926 Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Japan
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Cigarettes > Pack of Marlboro	$4.32 Ranked 45th. 54% more than Taiwan	$2.80 Ranked 78th.
Economy > Unemployment rate	4.4% Ranked 94th. 5% more than Taiwan	4.2% Ranked 96th.
People > Ethnic groups	Japanese 98.5%, Koreans 0.5%, Chinese 0.4%, other 0.6%	Taiwanese (including Hakka) 84%, mainland Chinese 14%, indigenous 2%
Government > Suffrage	20 years of age; universal	20 years of age; universal
Geography > Area > Total	377,915 sq km Ranked 63th. 11 times more than Taiwan	35,980 sq km Ranked 140th.
Government > Constitution	previous 1890; latest approved 6 October 1946, adopted 3 November 1946, effective 3 May 1947	previous 1912, 1931; latest adopted 25 December 1946, promulgated 1 January 1947, effective 25 December 1947; revised several times, last in 2005
Crime > Drugs > Annual cannabis use	0.1% Ranked 7th.	0.3% Ranked 17th. 3 times more than Japan
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage	Ranges from 664 Japanese yen ($8.17) to 869 yen ($10.65) per hour; set on a prefectural and industry basis.	NT$ 19,047 per month; NT$115 per hour.
Government > Judicial branch	Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch after designation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed by the cabinet)	Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by the president with consent of the Legislative Yuan)
Transport > Road > Motor vehicles per 1000 people	591 Ranked 17th. 82% more than Taiwan	324 Ranked 52nd.
People > Birth rate	8.23 births/1,000 population Ranked 219th.	8.61 births/1,000 population Ranked 215th. 5% more than Japan
Crime > Drugs > Opiates use	0.1% Ranked 8th.	0.3% Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Japan
Economy > Budget > Revenues	$1.99 trillion Ranked 2nd. 25 times more than Taiwan	$78.38 billion Ranked 39th.
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP	$35,900.00 Ranked 22nd.	$38,400.00 Ranked 18th. 7% more than Japan
Crime > Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year)	2,013 Ranked 13th. The same as Taiwan	2,013 Ranked 12th.
Government > Political parties and leaders	Democratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Banri KAIEDA]<br />Japan Communist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]<br />Japan Restoration Party or JRP [Shintaro ISHIHARA]<br />Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Shinzo ABE]<br />New Komeito or NK [Natsuo YAMAGUCHI]<br />People's Life Party or PF [Ichiro OZAWA]<br />Social Democratic Party or SDP [Mizuho FUKUSHIMA]<br />Tomorrow Party of Japan or TPJ [Tomoko ABE]<br />Your Party or YP [Yoshimi WATANABE]	Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [SU Tseng-chang]<br />Kuomintang or KMT (Nationalist Party) [MA Ying-jeou]<br />New Party [YOK Mu-ming]<br />Non-Partisan Solidarity Union or NPSU [LIN Pin-kuan]<br />People First Party or PFP [James SOONG Chu-ye]<br />Taiwan Solidarity Union or TSU [HUANG Kun-huei]
Economy > Economy > Overview	In the years following World War II, government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation (1% of GDP) helped Japan develop a technologically advanced economy. Two notable characteristics of the post-war economy were the close interlocking structures of manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors, known as keiretsu, and the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial portion of the urban labor force. Both features are now eroding under the dual pressures of global competition and domestic demographic change. Japan's industrial sector is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. A small agricultural sector is highly subsidized and protected, with crop yields among the highest in the world. While self-sufficient in rice production, Japan imports about 60% of its food on a caloric basis. For three decades, overall real economic growth had been spectacular - a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5% average in the 1970s, and a 4% average in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, averaging just 1.7%, largely because of the after effects of inefficient investment and an asset price bubble in the late 1980s that required a protracted period of time for firms to reduce excess debt, capital, and labor. Modest economic growth continued after 2000, but the economy has fallen into recession three times since 2008. A sharp downturn in business investment and global demand for Japan's exports in late 2008 pushed Japan into recession. Government stimulus spending helped the economy recover in late 2009 and 2010, but the economy contracted again in 2011 as the massive 9.0 magnitude earthquake and the ensuing tsunami in March disrupted manufacturing. The economy has largely recovered in the two years since the disaster, but reconstruction in the Tohoku region has been uneven. Newly-elected Prime Minister Shinzo ABE has declared the economy his government's top priority; he has pledged to reconsider his predecessor's plan to permanently close nuclear power plants and is pursuing an economic revitalization agenda of fiscal stimulus and regulatory reform and has said he will press the Bank of Japan to loosen monetary policy. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, Japan in 2012 stood as the fourth-largest economy in the world after second-place China, which surpassed Japan in 2001, and third-place India, which edged out Japan in 2012. The new government will continue a longstanding debate on restructuring the economy and reining in Japan's huge government debt, which exceeds 200% of GDP. Persistent deflation, reliance on exports to drive growth, and an aging and shrinking population are other major long-term challenges for the economy.	Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy with gradually decreasing government guidance of investment and foreign trade. Exports, led by electronics, machinery, and petrochemicals have provided the primary impetus for economic development. This heavy dependence on exports exposes the economy to fluctuations in world demand. In 2009, Taiwan's GDP contracted 1.8%, due primarily to a 13.1% year-on-year decline in exports. In 2010 GDP grew 10.7%, as exports returned to the level of previous years, and in 2011, grew 4.0%. In 2012, however, growth fell to 1.3%, because of softening global demand. Taiwan's diplomatic isolation, low birth rate, and rapidly aging population are major long-term challenges. Free trade agreements have proliferated in East Asia over the past several years, but except for the landmark Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) signed with China in June 2010, so far Taiwan has been excluded from this greater economic integration in part because of its diplomatic status. Negotiations continue on such follow-on components of ECFA regarding trade in goods and services. The MA administration has said that the ECFA will serve as a stepping stone toward trade pacts with other key trade partners, which Taiwan subsequently launched with Singapore and New Zealand. Taiwan's Total Fertility rate of just over one child per woman is among the lowest in the world, raising the prospect of future labor shortages, falling domestic demand, and declining tax revenues. Taiwan's population is aging quickly, with the number of people over 65 accounting for 11.2% of the island's total population as of 2012. The island runs a large trade surplus largely because of its surplus with China, and its foreign reserves are the world's fifth largest, behind China, Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Russia. In 2006 China overtook the US to become Taiwan's second-largest source of imports after Japan. China is also the island's number one destination for foreign direct investment. Three financial memorandums of understanding, covering banking, securities, and insurance, took effect in mid-January 2010, opening the island to greater investments from the mainland's financial firms and institutional investors, and providing new opportunities for Taiwan financial firms to operate in China. In August 2012, Taiwan Central Bank signed a memorandum of understanding on cross-Strait currency settlement with its Chinese counterpart. The MOU allows for the direct settlement of Chinese RMB and the New Taiwan dollar across the Strait, which could help develop Taiwan into a local RMB hub. Closer economic links with the mainland bring greater opportunities for the Taiwan economy, but also poses new challenges as the island becomes more economically dependent on China while political differences remain unresolved.
Economy > Exports	$776.60 billion Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Taiwan	$299.80 billion Ranked 20th.
Government > Executive branch > Cabinet	Cabinet is appointed by the prime minister	Executive Yuan - ministers appointed by president on recommendation of premier
Military > Budget	51.4 US$ BN Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Taiwan	19.2 US$ BN Ranked 6th.
Economy > GDP > Per capita	$33,523.37 per capita Ranked 25th. 10% more than Taiwan	$30,561.44 per capita Ranked 28th.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption > Per capita	7,701.96 kWh per capita Ranked 20th.	9,593.64 kWh per capita Ranked 14th. 25% more than Japan
People > Death rate	9.27 deaths/1,000 population Ranked 60th. 36% more than Taiwan	6.83 deaths/1,000 population Ranked 138th.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Water > 1.5 litre bottle	$1.41 Ranked 31st. 38% more than Taiwan	$1.02 Ranked 63th.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Loaf of bread > Fresh, white	$1.81 Ranked 37th. 23% more than Taiwan	$1.47 Ranked 55th.
Government > Political pressure groups and leaders	<strong>other: </strong>business groups; trade unions	environmental groups<br />independence movement<br />various business groups<br />
Geography > Natural resources	negligible mineral resources, fish	small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos
Energy > Electricity > Consumption	859.7 billion kWh Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Taiwan	242.2 billion kWh Ranked 6th.
People > Population growth rate	-0.1% Ranked 203th.	0.27% Ranked 170th.
Geography > Area > Land > Per capita	2.94 sq km per 1,000 people Ranked 190th. 2 times more than Taiwan	1.41 sq km per 1,000 people Ranked 210th.
Media > Telephones > Mobile cellular > Per capita	842.31 per 1,000 people Ranked 60th.	1,063.13 per 1,000 people Ranked 35th. 26% more than Japan
Media > Internet > Internet users per thousand people	791.21 Ranked 31st. 4% more than Taiwan	757.8 Ranked 35th.
Cost of living > Basic utilities > Garbage, water, heating, electricity for 85 sqm apartment	$198.88 Ranked 31st. 3 times more than Taiwan	$79.36 Ranked 93th.
Crime > Believes crime increasing in the past 3 years	47.56 Ranked 16th.	48.57 Ranked 84th. 2% more than Japan
Crime > Fear of crime > Violent hate crime	23.72 Ranked 13th. 2 times more than Taiwan	9.72 Ranked 92nd.
Economy > Debt > Government debt > Public debt, share of GDP	214.3 CIA Ranked 1st. 6 times more than Taiwan	36 CIA Ranked 99th.
Media > Internet users	99.18 million Ranked 3rd. 6 times more than Taiwan	16.15 million Ranked 24th.
Economy > Public debt	219.1% of GDP Ranked 2nd. 6 times more than Taiwan	35.8% of GDP Ranked 102nd.
Economy > Inflation rate > Consumer prices	0.0 Ranked 196th.	1.9% Ranked 166th.
Crime > Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > At night	87.8 Ranked 1st. 5% more than Taiwan	83.33 Ranked 3rd.
Language > Languages	Japanese	Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects
Transport > Road network length > Km
Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services	72.8% Ranked 34th. 7% more than Taiwan	68.2% Ranked 61st.
Economy > Exports per capita	$6,088.04 Ranked 44th.	$12,902.98 Ranked 26th. 2 times more than Japan
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Milk > 1 litre	$1.81 Ranked 25th.	$2.56 Ranked 6th. 41% more than Japan
Cost of living > Cinema ticket price > International release	$17.67 Ranked 5th. 98% more than Taiwan	$8.91 Ranked 46th.
Cost of living > Clothing and shoe prices > Shoes > Pair of Nikes	$79.42 Ranked 111th. 9% more than Taiwan	$73.03 Ranked 120th.
Government > Administrative divisions	47 prefectures; Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gunma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki, Nara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga, Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi	includes main island of Taiwan plus smaller islands nearby and off coast of China's Fujian Province; Taiwan is divided into 14 counties (hsien, singular and plural), 3 municipalities (shih, singular and plural), and 5 special municipalities (chih-hsia-shih, singular and plural)
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent index	36.78 Ranked 32nd. 87% more than Taiwan	19.68 Ranked 74th.
Education > Literacy > Total population	99% Ranked 4th. 3% more than Taiwan	96.1% Ranked 52nd.
Health > Quality of health care system > Health care system index	85.03 Ranked 1st. 5% more than Taiwan	81.29 Ranked 4th.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Egg > Dozen	$2.09 Ranked 77th. 20% more than Taiwan	$1.74 Ranked 117th.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 3 bedroom apartment > City centre	$1,912.91 Ranked 29th. 92% more than Taiwan	$997.62 Ranked 71st.
Economy > Distribution of family income > Gini index	37.6 Ranked 6th. 10% more than Taiwan	34.2 Ranked 9th.
Religion > Religions > All	observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84%, other 16% (including Christian 0.7%)	mixture of Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5%
Cost of living > Transport prices > New car > Volkswagen Golf 1.4 or similar	$21,597.23 Ranked 85th. 9% more than Taiwan	$19,788.92 Ranked 103th.
Military > Global Peace Index	1.29 Ranked 28th.	1.54 Ranked 137th. 19% more than Japan
Energy > Oil > Consumption > Per capita	39.29 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 18th.	41.26 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 29th. 5% more than Japan
Geography > Terrain	mostly rugged and mountainous	eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in west
Health > Life expectancy at birth > Total population	82.25 years Ranked 5th. 5% more than Taiwan	78.32 years Ranked 49th.
Transport > Road > Motorway length	7,383 km Ranked 6th. 6 times more than Taiwan	1,335 km Ranked 34th.
Military > Service age and obligation	18 years of age for voluntary military service	19-35 years of age for male compulsory military service; service obligation 14 months (reducing to 1 year in 2009) year; women may enlist; women in Air Force service are restricted to noncombat roles; reserve obligation to age 30 (Army); the Ministry of Defense has announced plans to implement an incremental voluntary enlistment system beginning 2010, with 10% fewer conscripts each year thereafter, although nonvolunteers will still be required to perform alternative service or go through 3-4 months of military training
Geography > Location	Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula	Eastern Asia, islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, north of the Philippines, off the southeastern coast of China
Health > Quality of health care system > Cost	80.56 Ranked 1st.	84.21 Ranked 3rd. 5% more than Japan
Lifestyle > Quality of life index	165.44 Ranked 11th. 50% more than Taiwan	110.66 Ranked 30th.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation	agriculture 4.6%, industry 27.8%, services 67.7%	agriculture 6%, industry 35.8%, services 58.2%
Labor > Unemployment rate	5.1% Ranked 74th.	5.2% Ranked 72nd. 2% more than Japan
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Air pollution	36.46 Ranked 44th.	62.1 Ranked 28th. 70% more than Japan
Conflict > Terrorism > Global Terrorism Index	0.059 Ranked 108th.	0.0 Ranked 141st.
Military > WMD > Nuclear	Japan's "Atomic Energy Basic Law" allows only peaceful nuclear activities, and its "Three Non-Nuclear Principles" pledge that Japan will not possess, produce, or permit the introduction of nuclear weapons into the country. Despite Japan's long-standing stance against nuclear weapons, there was an internal debate in the early 1970s about whether Japan should sign the NPT, in part due to concerns about assuring access to nuclear technology to meet national energy needs, and the discriminatory nature of the treaty. Some conservatives were also concerned that closing off the nuclear option might negatively impact future national security needs. Japan has played an active role in nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament, and has proposed a process for the total elimination of nuclear weapons. Japan ratified the CTBT in 1997 and has been a strong supporter of a Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT). However, Japan's security relationship with the United States has tempered Tokyo's emphasis on disarmament. For example, Japan remains quiet about the possible presence of nuclear warheads on U.S. ships and military bases in Japan. Japan increasingly relies on nuclear power for its electricity needs, and has a highly developed civilian nuclear sector. Japan has a controversial program for recycling spent nuclear fuel that has produced large quantities of plutonium in the form of metal-oxide nuclear fuel. At the end of 2001, Japan had more than 30 metric tons of spent fuel stored at reprocessing plants in Britain and France, along with a domestic stockpile of 5 to 6 tons. These nuclear fuel stockpiles will ultimately return to Japan for use in domestic nuclear facilities. The original plan called for consumption of the stored fuel by 2010, but due to technical and safety issues, this timetable has been delayed and return of the stored fuel to Japan is proceeding slowly. Some argue this material could provide Japan with a latent nuclear weapons capability. In addition, the new facility under constructing in Rokkasho (Aomori Prefecture) will increase Japanese domestic reprocessing capacity and potentially produce an additional 5 tons of metal-oxide nuclear fuel per year. Although anti-nuclear sentiment among the Japanese public has far outweighed support for keeping a nuclear option open, several neighboring countries have expressed concerns about possible Japanese nuclear ambitions. Partly in response to these fears, the Japanese government completed an internal study in 1995 that reaffirmed previous conclusions that developing nuclear weapons would damage both Japanâ€™s national security and regional security. However recent tension developing in the region, particularly in the Korean peninsula, has led to increased discussions in Japan about the once taboo subject of nuclear weapons development. Despite recent speculation that Japan may reconsider its nuclear options, the deep aversion to nuclear weapons among the Japanese public will likely make any move in this direction difficult.	Taiwan's first nuclear reactor was built at National Tsinghua University in 1956, and its first nuclear power plant was opened in 1965. Taiwan now possesses six nuclear units housed in three nuclear power plants with a total capacity of 5,144 megawatts. Although plagued by domestic opposition and delays, a fourth nuclear power plant is scheduled to begin operation in 2006. Taiwan's nuclear weapons program was established under the direction of the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER) and the Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology following the People's Republic of China's first nuclear test in October 1964. The "Hsin Chu" program involved procurement and operation of a heavy water reactor, a heavy water production plant, a reprocessing research laboratory, and a plutonium separation plant. U.S. pressure caused Taiwan to end its nuclear weapons program in 1988 after International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspections discovered missing fuel rods and the former deputy director of INER defected to the United States with detailed information about Taiwan's program. Taiwan probably possesses the technological expertise necessary to develop nuclear weapons, but U.S. pressure and the possibility of a pre-emptive strike by China have prevented a resumption of the nuclear weapons program.
Culture > Happy Planet Index	47.5 Ranked 45th. 9% more than Taiwan	43.41 Ranked 83th.
Government > Executive branch > Head of government	Prime Minister Shinzo ABE (since 26 December 2012); Deputy Prime Minister Taro ASO (since 26 December 2012)	Premier JIANG Yi-huah (President of the Executive Yuan) (since 18 February 2013); Vice Premier MAO Chi-kuo (Vice President of the Executive Yuan) (since 18 February 2013)
Geography > Coastline	29,751 km Ranked 6th. 19 times more than Taiwan	1,566.3 km Ranked 68th.
Labor > Labor force	65.7 million Ranked 9th. 6 times more than Taiwan	11.07 million Ranked 40th.
Environment > Current issues	air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere	air pollution; water pollution from industrial emissions, raw sewage; contamination of drinking water supplies; trade in endangered species; low-level radioactive waste disposal
Energy > Oil > Consumption	4.36 million bbl/day Ranked 4th. 5 times more than Taiwan	834,000 bbl/day Ranked 3rd.
Geography > Geographic location	Pacific Ocean , East Asia	Pacific Ocean , East Asia
Health > Life expectancy > Men	80 years Ranked 4th. 5% more than Taiwan	76.2 years Ranked 1st.
Military > Navy > Submarines	16 Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Taiwan	4 Ranked 13th.
Media > Television > List of TV stations	<p>NHK - public, operates the General TV, Educational TV channels. NHK also runs HD satellite channels BS1 and BS Premium. NHK World is the organisation's international English-language channel.</p> </p>TV Asahi - national commercial network</p> </p>Fuji TV - national commercial network</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15217593">Full Article</a>	<p>China Television Company (CTV) - commercial</p> </p>Chinese Television System (CTS)</p> </p>Taiwan Television Enterprise (TTV) - commercial</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16177291">Full Article</a>
Energy > Oil > Production > Per capita	1.02 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 79th. 2 times more than Taiwan	0.464 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 89th.
Military > WMD > Missile	Japan does not have a ballistic missile development program, but its space program includes a number of technologies that could potentially be adapted to long-range missiles. The solid-fueled M-5 rocket system, first launched in 1995, includes technologies that could be adapted to develop intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) capabilities roughly similar to those of the U.S. MX Peacekeeper missile. Japan's two-stage H-2 rocket is capable of placing a two-ton payload into orbit, but the H-2 is not optimal for ballistic missile applications due to its reliance on cryogenic liquid hydrogen and oxygen fuel. Japan lacks sophisticated command and control systems, as well as some guidance and warhead technology that would be necessary to develop operational missiles. Japan has partnered with the United States to research ballistic missile defenses (BMD), but has yet to make a final decision on future development and deployment. Many in Japan argue that a missile defense system would compliment the U.S. nuclear deterrent and defend against possible belligerents such as North Korea. Others argue that the system's costs outweigh the benefits, especially since the system's effectiveness is unproven. Missile defense also raises potential legal issues regarding Japanese legislation barring the military use of space. Japan is an active member of the MTCR and was involved in drafting the International Code of Conduct Against Ballistic Missile Proliferation (ICOC).	Taiwan's short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) program is based at the Chungshan Institute of Science and Technology, which has developed a range of missiles including the Hsiung Feng series of anti-ship missiles, the Tien Chien series of air-to-air missiles, and the Tien Kung series of surface-to-air missiles. These systems have provided Taiwanese scientists with experience and a technological base in areas such as composite materials and guidance and fire control systems, which are essential for development of longer range surface-to-surface missiles. Taiwan has two SRBM programs. The liquid-fueled, single-stage Ching Feng has a range of 130 km with a 270 kg payload. Initially deployed in the early 1980s, it is unclear how many Ching Feng missiles were built and whether they are still operational. The Tien Chi, first test-fired in 1997, is a solid-fueled, two-stage missile with a 300 km range that can reach China's southeastern coast. The Tien Chi incorporates global positioning system technology and has an estimated payload of 100-500 kg. One report claims that as many as 50 Tien Chi missiles have been deployed on Tungyin Island and at an unidentified second location. Development of the Tien Ma, a ballistic missile with a range of 950 km, was reportedly discontinued in the early 1980s due to U.S. pressure.
People > Total fertility rate	1.39 children born/woman Ranked 203th. 25% more than Taiwan	1.11 children born/woman Ranked 218th.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Rice > White, 1kg	$4.53 Ranked 4th. 88% more than Taiwan	$2.41 Ranked 32nd.
Government > Executive branch > Chief of state	Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989)	President MA Ying-jeou (since 20 May 2008); Vice President WU Den-yih (since 20 May 2012)
Agriculture > Grains > Rice > Consumption	8,658 thousand metric tons Ranked 9th. 8 times more than Taiwan	1,150 thousand metric tons Ranked 16th.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity	$4.58 trillion Ranked 4th. 5 times more than Taiwan	$894.30 billion Ranked 19th.
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Hourly minimum wage	$5.64 Ranked 17th.	$7.40 Ranked 12th. 31% more than Japan
Government > Capital city > Name	Tokyo	Taipei
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates	35 41 N, 139 45 E	25 03 N, 121 30 E
Government > International organization participation	ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC	ADB, APEC, BCIE, ICC (national committees), IOC, ITUC (NGOs), WTO
Crime > Prisoners	69,502 prisoners Ranked 19th. 24% more than Taiwan	56,225 prisoners Ranked 26th.
Weather > Temperature > Highest temperature ever recorded	41.0 \u00b0C (105.8 \u00b0F)	40.2 \u00b0C (104 \u00b0F)
Religion > Major religion(s)	Shintoism, Buddhism	Taoism, Buddhism, Christianity
Cost of living > Internet > Broadband 6Mpbs, uncapped data	$36.58 Ranked 82nd. 68% more than Taiwan	$21.73 Ranked 124th.
Geography > Area > Water	13,430 sq km Ranked 39th. 4 times more than Taiwan	3,720 sq km Ranked 77th.
People > Age structure > 0-14 years	13.4% Ranked 222nd.	14.3% Ranked 212th. 7% more than Japan
Military > Military service age and obligation	18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription; mandatory retirement at age 53 for senior enlisted personnel and at 62 years for senior service officers	18-35 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; service obligation is 2 years; women may enlist; women in Air Force service are restricted to noncombat roles; reserve obligation to age 30 (Army); the Ministry of Defense is in the process of implementing a voluntary enlistment system over the period 2010-2015, although nonvolunteers will still be required to perform alternative service or go through 4 months of military training
Media > Broadcast media	a mixture of public and commercial broadcast TV and radio stations; 6 national terrestrial TV networks including 1 public broadcaster; the large number of radio and TV stations available provide a wide range of choices; satellite and cable services provide access to international channels	5 m
Transport > Airports	175 Ranked 33th. 5 times more than Taiwan	37 Ranked 108th.
Military > Navy > Aircraft carriers	0.0 Ranked 8th.	0.0 Ranked 42nd.
Geography > Area > Comparative to US places	slightly smaller than California	slightly smaller than Maryland and Delaware combined
Language > Major language(s)	Japanese	Mandarin Chinese (official), Min Nan Chinese (Taiwanese), Hakka
Media > News Agencies > List of news agencies	<p>Kyodo - English-language pages</p> </p>Japan Today - online news, in English</p>	<p>Focus Taiwan - English-language service of state-run Central News Agency (CNA)</p> </p>Central Daily News - Chinese-language, Nationalist (Kuomintang)</p>
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Apartment purchase price per sqm > City centre	$5,589.80 Ranked 17th.	$7,297.78 Ranked 12th. 31% more than Japan
Economy > Fiscal year	1	calendar year
Background > Overview	<p>Japan has the world's third-largest economy, having achieved remarkable growth in the second half of the 20th Century after the devastation of World War II.</p> <p>Its role in the international community is considerable. It is a major aid donor and a source of global capital and credit.</p> <p>More than three quarters of the population live in sprawling cities on the coastal fringes of Japan's four mountainous, heavily-wooded islands.</p><br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14918801">Full Article</a>	<p>Taiwan is an island which has for all practical purposes been independent since 1950, but which China regards as a rebel region that must be reunited with the mainland - by force if necessary.</p> <p>China has claimed sovereignty over Taiwan since the end of the Chinese civil war in 1949, when the defeated Nationalist government fled to the island as the Communists, under Mao Zedong, swept to power.</p> <p>Long-standing tension with the mainland has eased since the China-friendly President Ma Ying-jeou took office in May 2008. In July 2009 the leaders of China and Taiwan exchanged direct messages for the first time in more than 60 years, albeit in their respective party functions, and not as national leaders.</p><br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16164639">Full Article</a>
People > Age structure > 65 years and over	24.8% Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Taiwan	11.6% Ranked 65th.
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Industry	27.5% Ranked 98th.	29.6% Ranked 81st. 8% more than Japan
Crime > Perceived problems > Problem violent crimes including assault and armed robbery	13.75 Ranked 18th. 1% more than Taiwan	13.57 Ranked 91st.
Labor > Hours worked > Standard workweek	40 hours Ranked 98th.	42 hours Ranked 79th. 5% more than Japan
People > Nationality > Noun	Japanese (singular and plural)	Taiwan (singular and plural)
Media > Radio > List of radio stations	<p>NHK - public, operates news/speech-based Radio 1, cultural/educational network Radio 2, classical music-based network FM Radio, external service Radio Japan</p> </p>Inter FM - Tokyo commercial music station</p> </p>J-Wave - Tokyo commercial music station</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15217593">Full Article</a>	<p>Broadcasting Corporation of China (BCC) - national and regional networks</p> </p>CBS-Radio Taiwan International - national broadcaster; also beams services to mainland China and the rest of the world in various languages and Chinese dialects</p> </p>Public Radio System (PRS) - government-run; travel, weather, social information</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16177291">Full Article</a>
Crime > Fear of crime > Feels safe walking alone > During the day	90.24 Ranked 2nd.	92.86 Ranked 8th. 3% more than Japan
Economy > Imports per capita	$6,507.45 Ranked 52nd.	$11,568.79 Ranked 30th. 78% more than Japan
Education > Literacy > Female	99% Ranked 4th. 25% more than Taiwan	79% Ranked 8th.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Industry	26.2% Ranked 7th.	35.9% Ranked 1st. 37% more than Japan
Health > Infant mortality rate > Total	2.78 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 212th.	5.18 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 176th. 86% more than Japan
Economy > GDP per capita in 1950	$1,873.00 Ranked 29th. 2 times more than Taiwan	$922.00 Ranked 38th.
Cost of living > Clothing and shoe prices > Jeans > 1 pair of Levi 501s or equivalent	$79.21 Ranked 61st. 1% more than Taiwan	$78.65 Ranked 62nd.
Transport > Commute > Distance	18.88 km Ranked 2nd. 8% more than Taiwan	17.5 km Ranked 3rd.
Geography > Elevation extremes > Highest point	Fujiyama 3,776 m	Yu Shan 3,952 m
Economy > Technology index	5.68 Ranked 5th.	6.04 Ranked 2nd. 6% more than Japan
Transport > Road > Expressway length	7,803 km Ranked 8th. 11 times more than Taiwan	720 km Ranked 38th.
Military > Military expenditures	1% of GDP Ranked 46th.	2.2% of GDP Ranked 25th. 2 times more than Japan
Agriculture > Products	rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit; pork, poultry, dairy products, eggs; fish	rice, vegetables, fruit, tea, flowers; pigs, poultry; fish
Cost of living > Consumer price index > Plus rent	68.29 Ranked 24th. 69% more than Taiwan	40.46 Ranked 66th.
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > McDonalds meal	$6.38 Ranked 65th. 57% more than Taiwan	$4.07 Ranked 133th.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Water pollution	38.75 Ranked 44th.	67.5 Ranked 15th. 74% more than Japan
Economy > Population below poverty line > Per capita	0.123% per 1 million people Ranked 23th. 3 times more than Taiwan	0.042% per 1 million people Ranked 25th.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Chicken breasts > Skinless, boneless	$8.47 Ranked 38th. 47% more than Taiwan	$5.77 Ranked 79th.
Economy > Big Mac Index	$2.19 Ranked 37th.	$2.35 Ranked 31st. 7% more than Japan
Military > Military branches	Japanese Ministry of Defense (MOD): Ground Self-Defense Force (Rikujou Jieitai, GSDF), Maritime Self-Defense Force (Kaijou Jieitai, MSDF), Air Self-Defense Force (Koukuu Jieitai, ASDF)	Army, Navy (includes Marine Corps), Air Force, Coast Guard Administration, Armed Forces Reserve Command, Combined Service Forces Command, Armed Forces Police Command
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP per thousand people	$0.28 Ranked 126th.	$1.65 Ranked 84th. 6 times more than Japan
Energy > Electricity > Installed generating capacity per thousand people	2,251.86 kW Ranked 21st. 7% more than Taiwan	2,112.97 kW Ranked 2nd.
Economy > Exports > Commodities	motor vehicles 13.6%; semiconductors 6.2%; iron and steel products 5.5%; auto parts 4.6%; plastic materials 3.5%; power generating machinery 3.5%	electronics, flat panels, machinery; metals; textiles, plastics, chemicals; optical, photographic, measuring, and medical instruments
Religion > Christianity > Percent Christian	2% Ranked 35th.	4.5% Ranked 28th. 2 times more than Japan
Crime > Prisoners > Per capita	54 per 100,000 people Ranked 126th.	250 per 100,000 people Ranked 29th. 5 times more than Japan
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Groceries index	101.06 Ranked 16th. 38% more than Taiwan	73.03 Ranked 43th.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture	3.9% Ranked 17th.	5.2% Ranked 14th. 33% more than Japan
Religion > Seventh-day Adventist Membership	15,061 Ranked 66th. 3 times more than Taiwan	4,925 Ranked 99th.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 1 bedroom apartment > City centre	$976.69 Ranked 27th. 2 times more than Taiwan	$458.87 Ranked 80th.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Apple > 1kg	$5.32 Ranked 9th. 93% more than Taiwan	$2.75 Ranked 56th.
Energy > Electricity > Production	936.2 billion kWh Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Taiwan	252.2 billion kWh Ranked 14th.
Government > Country name > Conventional long form	none	none
People > Cities > Urban population	84,775 Ranked 51st. 1087 times more than Taiwan	78 Ranked 56th.
Geography > Land use > Arable land	11.26% Ranked 94th.	24% Ranked 40th. 2 times more than Japan
Religion > Secularism and atheism > Population considering religion unimportant	75% Ranked 7th. 39% more than Taiwan	54% Ranked 28th.
Crime > Fear of crime > Worries about being attacked	15.79 Ranked 17th.	16.67 Ranked 92nd. 6% more than Japan
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Services	69.8% Ranked 5th. 19% more than Taiwan	58.8% Ranked 11th.
Economy > Imports	$830.10 billion Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Taiwan	$268.80 billion Ranked 19th.
People > Nationality > Adjective	Japanese	Taiwan (or Taiwanese)
Media > Radio broadcast stations	AM 215 (plus 370 repeaters), FM 89 (plus 485 repeaters), shortwave 21	AM 218, FM 333, shortwave 50
People > Sex ratio > Total population	0.95 male(s)/female Ranked 170th.	1 male(s)/female Ranked 82nd. 5% more than Japan
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Air quality	63.54 Ranked 16th. 68% more than Taiwan	37.9 Ranked 32nd.
Government > Executive branch > Elections	Diet, the bicameral legislature, designates the prime minister; constitution requires that the prime minister commands parliamentary majority; following legislative elections, the leader of majority party or leader of majority coalition in House of Representatives usually becomes prime minister; the monarchy is hereditary	president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held on 14 January 2012 (next to be held in January 2016); premier appointed by the president; vice premiers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the premier
Crime > Software piracy rate	23% Ranked 103th.	40% Ranked 84th. 74% more than Japan
Religion > Christian > Mormon > Congregations	281 Ranked 10th. 3 times more than Taiwan	100 Ranked 28th.
Military > Expenditures > Percent of GDP	0.8% Ranked 78th.	2.2% Ranked 44th. 3 times more than Japan
Economy > Budget > Expenditures	$2.58 trillion Ranked 2nd. 29 times more than Taiwan	$90.42 billion Ranked 37th.
People > Sex ratio > At birth	1.06 male(s)/female Ranked 42nd.	1.07 male(s)/female Ranked 22nd. 1% more than Japan
Energy > Crude oil > Production	135,500 bbl/day Ranked 45th. 6 times more than Taiwan	21,680 bbl/day Ranked 74th.
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > Restaurant index	60.22 Ranked 49th. 2 times more than Taiwan	29.54 Ranked 123th.
Crime > Perceived problems > Property crimes including vandalism and theft	18.13 Ranked 18th.	19.29 Ranked 90th. 6% more than Japan
Economy > Budget > Revenues > Per capita	$11,472.65 per capita Ranked 23th. 3 times more than Taiwan	$3,333.50 per capita Ranked 48th.
Transport > Rail > Railway length	23,474 km Ranked 12th. 14 times more than Taiwan	1,703 km Ranked 75th.
Military > Manpower fit for military service > Males age 16-49	None	None
Cost of living > Sports > Tennis court hire > 1 hour, weekend	$16.41 Ranked 47th. 2 times more than Taiwan	$7.59 Ranked 108th.
Environment > Transport CO2 emission index	622.5 Ranked 38th.	2,328.67 Ranked 30th. 4 times more than Japan
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Apartment purchase price per sqm > Outside city centre	$3,987.85 Ranked 13th. 35% more than Taiwan	$2,943.81 Ranked 26th.
Cost of living > Prices at markets > Potatoes > 1kg	$3.15 Ranked 7th. 2 times more than Taiwan	$1.52 Ranked 54th.
Culture > Food and drink > Fast food > McDonalds > First outlet notes	First outlet in Asia , see McDonald's Japan	see McDonald's Taiwan
Government > National symbol(s)	red sun disc; chrysanthemum	white, 12-rayed sun on blue field
Religion > Muslim > Muslim percentage of total population	0.1% Ranked 168th. The same as Taiwan	0.1% Ranked 176th.
Cost of living > IPad Index	$501.56 Ranked 40th.	$538.34 Ranked 34th. 7% more than Japan
Media > Internet > Users > Per capita	691.42 per 1,000 people Ranked 12th. 7% more than Taiwan	645.7 per 1,000 people Ranked 19th.
Religion > Islam > Percentage Muslim	0.2% Ranked 141st.	0.7% Ranked 129th. 3 times more than Japan
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Drinking water pollution	28.75 Ranked 43th.	42.74 Ranked 27th. 49% more than Japan
Cost of living > Restaurant prices > 3 course meal for 2	$39.27 Ranked 55th. 98% more than Taiwan	$19.79 Ranked 115th.
Industry > Car > Production	8.31 million Ranked 2nd. 33 times more than Taiwan	251,490 Ranked 27th.
Health > Life expectancy > Women	87 years Ranked 1st. 5% more than Taiwan	82.7 years Ranked 1st.
Geography > Natural hazards	many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamis; typhoons	earthquakes; typhoons
Economy > Exports > Main exports	Vehicles, computer parts, chemicals, scientific instruments and watches	Electronics, machinery, optical instruments, chemicals, iron and steel articles and information communications technology products
Government > Flag description	white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center	red field with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays; the blue and white design of the canton (symbolizing the sun of progress) dates to 1895; it was later adopted as the flag of the Kuomintang Party; blue signifies liberty, justice, and democracy; red stands for fraternity, sacrifice, and nationalism, white represents equality, frankness, and the people's livelihood; the 12 rays of the sun are those of the months and the twelve traditional Chinese hours (each ray equals two hours)
Culture > Food and drink > Fast food > McDonalds > First outlet date	July 20, 1971	January 28, 1984
Geography > Maritime claims > Territorial sea	12 nautical mile Ranked 50th. The same as Taiwan	12 nautical mile Ranked 124th.
Environment > Pollution perceptions > Clean water	61.25 Ranked 16th. 88% more than Taiwan	32.5 Ranked 45th.
Economy > Debt > External	$3.02 trillion Ranked 5th. 23 times more than Taiwan	$130.80 billion Ranked 40th.
Cost of living > Real estate prices > Rent per month > 1 bedroom apartment > Outside city centre	$568.86 Ranked 37th. 67% more than Taiwan	$341.10 Ranked 76th.
Crime > Perceived problems > Illegal drugs	14.37 Ranked 18th.	22.79 Ranked 86th. 59% more than Japan
Economy > Central bank discount rate	0.1% Ranked 51st.	1.88% Ranked 34th. 19 times more than Japan
Media > Televisions	86.5 million Ranked 3rd. 10 times more than Taiwan	8.8 million Ranked 22nd.
Media > Telephones > Main lines in use > Per capita	402.03 per 1,000 people Ranked 27th.	626.15 per 1,000 people Ranked 3rd. 56% more than Japan
Economy > Debt > External > Per capita	$11,708.07 per capita Ranked 30th. 3 times more than Taiwan	$4,280.61 per capita Ranked 43th.
Crime > Perceived problems > Problem corruption and bribery	27.14 Ranked 16th.	50 Ranked 66th. 84% more than Japan
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Services	71.4% Ranked 36th. 4% more than Taiwan	68.6% Ranked 54th.
Energy > Electricity > Production > Per capita	8,490.7 kWh per capita Ranked 20th.	10,201.39 kWh per capita Ranked 6th. 20% more than Japan
Transport > Road > Motorway density	19.54 m of motorway per square km Ranked 12th.	62.09 m of motorway per square km Ranked 52nd. 3 times more than Japan

SOURCES: Numbeo.com. Cost of living.; crime; Annexe I of the Small Arms Survey 2007 ; Wikipedia: List of countries by intentional homicide rate by decade; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; British Broadcasting Corporation 2014; Wikipedia: List of countries by level of military equipment (List); World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; http://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/; Numbeo.com. Cost of living.; https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/WDR2011/World_Drug_Report_2011_ebook.pdf, World Drug Report 2011, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2011, p. 217.; Wikipedia: List of minimum wages by country (Countries); Wikipedia: List of countries by vehicles per capita; Wikipedia: List of countries by prevalence of opiates use ("World Drug Report 2011" . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2011. "World Drug Report 2006" . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2006. http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr/WDR_2009/WDR2009_eng_web.pdf); CIA World Factbook 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; Wikipedia: Capital punishment in Europe (Abolition); Wikipedia: List of countries by number of Internet users (Calculated using penetration rate and population data from "Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012" , Population data, International Programs, U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved 26 June 2013). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Numbeo.com; Wikipedia: List of countries by public debt (List) (Public debt , The World Factbook , United States Central Intelligence Agency , accessed on March 21, 2013.); Internet World Stats, June 30, 2010; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; cost of living; health care; CIA World Factbook, 22 August 2006; http://www.visionofhumanity.org/#/page/indexes/global-peace-index, Global Rankings. Vision of Humanity.; https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2085.html, Roadways.; quality of life; pollution; http://www.visionofhumanity.org/sites/default/files/2012_Global_Terrorism_Index_Report.pdf, Institute for Economics and Peace, p. 4 f.; The Nuclear Threat Initiative; http://www.happyplanetindex.org/data/; Wikipedia: List of island countries (Sovereign states); United States Department of Agriculture; The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention); Wikipedia: List of weather records (Highest temperatures ever recorded); CIA World Factbook, 28 July 2005; Wikipedia: List of minimum wages by country (Countries) ("Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013" . State.gov . Retrieved 2014-03-04 .); Angus Maddison; traffic; World economic forum - Global Competitiveness Report 2004-2005; Wikipedia: List of countries by road network size; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 25 March 2010.; The Economist.; CIA World Factbook 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_by_country#Sovereign_states; International Centre for Prison Studies - World Prison Brief; http://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/prices_by_city.jsp?displayCurrency=USD; adventiststatistics.org 2004 Annual Report 31 December 2004; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: Importance of religion by country (Countries); Fifth Annual BSA and IDC Global Software Piracy Study; Wikipedia: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in France (Membership Statistics); Wikipedia: List of countries by rail transport network size (Long List); Wikipedia: List of countries with McDonald's restaurants (Countries and territories with a McDonald's outlet); Wikipedia: Islam by country (Table) ("Muslim Population by Country" . The Future of the Global Muslim Population . Pew Research Center . Retrieved 22 December 2011 .); https://content.markitcdn.com/CommSec/Api/Document/B64ENCeyJkayI6IjIyMDMtMTAzMDM1Mi0xIiwiZmlkIjpudWxsLCJkdCI6bnVsbH0%3D.pdf, April 2014. p. 1.; International Religious Freedom Report 2004, U.S. State Department; International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers.; CIA World Factbook, December 2003

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