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Education Stats: compare key data on Iran & United States

Definitions

  • Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
  • Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
  • Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
  • Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
  • Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
  • Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
  • Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
  • Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • College and university > Private school share: Percentage of post-secondary students who attend a private school, college, or university.
  • School life expectancy > Total: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Primary education, pupils: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions.
  • Primary education, teachers: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Compulsary education starting age: Age at which children must be enrolled in school.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Literacy > Definition: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • High school > Upper secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the upper secondary (high school) level.
  • Literacy > Male: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
  • High school > Private school share: Percentage of secondary students who attend a private school.
  • Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
  • Child care (preschool) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin pre-primary (preschool) education.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year.
  • Elementary (primary school) > Duration: Number of years students study at the primary level.
  • Children out of school > Primary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Secondary education, teachers per 1000: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, teachers: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
  • Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for pre-primary (preschool) education.
  • High school > Lower secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the lower secondary (middle school) level.
  • Children out of school, primary, male per 1000: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, general pupils: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • High school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for secondary level enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
  • Scientific and technical journal articles: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.
  • College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female: Percentage of country's college and university professors that are female.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion: The number of students from a given country studying abroad in a given year, expressed as a percentage of total tertiary enrollment in that country. Ratios greater than 100 % are possible, because those currently studying abroad do not count towards total enrollment.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Elementary (primary school) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin primary education.
  • Children out of school, primary, male: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
  • High school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for all levels of secondary education.
  • Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
  • Secondary school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age (years). Entrance age of 2A lower secondary is the age at which students would enter lower secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • Primary education > Teachers > Per capita: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • High school > Population with at least high school education > Women: Population with at least high school education > Women.
  • Primary education, pupils per 1000: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, pupils per 1000: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
  • Children out of school > Primary per 1000: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
  • Secondary education, general pupils per 1000: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share: Percentage of primary students who attend a private school.
  • High school > Lower secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin lower secondary (middle school) education.
  • Primary education > Pupils: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • High school > Population with at least high school education > Men: Gender Inequality Index.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for primary education.
  • Secondary education > Teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Scientific and technical journal articles per million: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • High school > Upper secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin upper secondary (high school) education.
  • School life expectancy > Male: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
  • Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Elementary (primary school) > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female: Percentage of country's elementary, or primary, teachers that are female.
  • Primary education > Teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Primary education > Teachers per 1000: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
  • Primary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age (years). Entrance age of primary is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
  • Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for primary education that goes to school staff salaries.
  • High school > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to secondary education.
  • Secondary education > Teachers per 1000: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education > General pupils per 1000: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Ratio of female to male primary enrollment: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Male: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
  • Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index in primary, or elementary, school. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled. 
  • Class size > Age 9: The average number of children in every class of nine-year-olds.
  • Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • School life expectancy > Female: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
  • Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
  • Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
  • Primary education > Pupils per 1000: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Teacher qualifications > Share with special training > Age 9: Of those teachers who teach students aged 9, the percentage who have specialised teacher training.
  • Teacher qualifications > Share with degree > Age 9: Of those teachers who teach students aged 9, the percentage who have one or more university degrees.
  • Students living with mother > Age 9: Percentage of nine-year-old students who live with their mother.
  • Teacher qualifications > Years experience > Age 9: The average number of years of experience of teachers who teach children aged 9.
  • Students from households with computer > Age 9: Percentage of nine-year-old students who come from households with at least one computer.
  • Students from households with dictionary > Age 9: The percentage of nine-year-old students who come from households with a dictionary.
  • School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
  • Literacy and Attainment > Educational attainment: completed tertiary > Tertiary > Population 25+ years > % > Over 24 year olds: Percentage of population older than 24 years that has completed tertiary education.
  • Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with secondary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Public spending on education, total > % of GDP: Public spending on education, total (% of GDP). Public expenditure on education as % of GDP is the total public expenditure (current and capital) on education expressed as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in a given year. Public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration, and transfers/subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
  • Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with primary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force: Labor force with tertiary education, male (% of male labor force). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
  • Unemployment with tertiary education, female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment with tertiary education, female (% of female unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • Unemployment with tertiary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with tertiary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
  • School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
  • Primary education > Teachers > % female: Female teachers as a percentage of total primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
  • Gross intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of relevant age group: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
  • Students from households with study desk > Age 9: Percentage of nine-year-old students who come from households where there is at least one study desk.
  • Government spending on education > % of GDP: Public expenditure on education consists of current and capital public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
  • Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education > %: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%). Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
  • School enrollment, preprimary, female > % gross: School enrollment, preprimary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Pre-primary. Female is the total female enrollment in pre-primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of official pre-primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment, preprimary, male > % gross: School enrollment, preprimary, male (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Pre-primary. Male is the total male enrollment in pre-primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total male population of official pre-primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • Secondary education, pupils > % female: Secondary education, pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Total secondary. All programmes is the number of female students enrolled in all secondary education programmes expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) enrolled at the secondary education level in a given school year.
  • Expenditure per student, primary > % of GDP per capita: Expenditure per student, primary (% of GDP per capita). Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Primary is the total public expenditure per student in primary education as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
  • Secondary education, vocational pupils per 1000: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • Secondary education, teachers, female per 1000: Secondary education, teachers, female. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Female is the total number of female teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
  • School enrollment > Secondary > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
  • Adjusted savings: education expenditure > % of GNI: Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI). Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment.
  • Persistence to last grade of primary, total > % of cohort: Persistence to last grade of primary, total (% of cohort). Survival rate to last grade of primary. Total is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary. The estimate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
  • School enrollment, primary > % gross: School enrollment, primary (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Primary. Total is the total enrollment in primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of official primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment, primary, female > % net: School enrollment, primary, female (% net). Net enrolment rate. Primary. Female is the ratio of female children of the official primary school age who are enrolled in primary school to the female population of the official primary school age.
  • Persistence to grade 5, total > % of cohort: Persistence to grade 5, total (% of cohort). Survival rate to grade 5. Total is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
  • Persistence to last grade of primary, male > % of cohort: Persistence to last grade of primary, male (% of cohort). Survival rate to last grade of primary. Male is the share of male children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary. The estimate is calculated on the basis of the reconstructed cohort method, which uses data on enrolment and repeaters for two consecutive years.
  • Students from households with more than 25 books > Age 9: Percentage of nine-year-old students who have more than 25 books at home.
  • School enrollment, secondary, female > % gross: School enrollment, secondary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Secondary. All programmes. Female is the total female enrollment in secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the female population of official secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
  • School enrollment, secondary, male > % net: School enrollment, secondary, male (% net). Net enrolment rate. Secondary. All programmes. Male is the ratio of male children of the official secondary school age who are enrolled in secondary school to the male population of the official secondary school age.
  • Secondary education, teachers, female: Secondary education, teachers, female. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Female is the total number of female teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
STAT Iran United States HISTORY
Children out of school, primary 3,468
Ranked 54th.
1.76 million
Ranked 3rd. 507 times more than Iran

Children out of school, primary per 1000 0.0454
Ranked 64th.
5.64
Ranked 47th. 124 times more than Iran

Children out of school, primary, female 112,387
Ranked 26th.
780,465
Ranked 3rd. 7 times more than Iran

Children out of school, primary, female per 1000 1.6
Ranked 76th.
2.5
Ranked 48th. 56% more than Iran

College and university > Gender parity index 1.01
Ranked 57th.
1.41
Ranked 33th. 39% more than Iran

College and university > Share of total education spending 27.63%
Ranked 4th. 8% more than United States
25.65%
Ranked 26th.

Compulsary education duration 8
Ranked 82nd.
12
Ranked 14th. 50% more than Iran

Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP 3.71%
Ranked 8th.
5.62%
Ranked 39th. 51% more than Iran

Literacy > Female 73%
Ranked 108th.
99%
Ranked 17th. 36% more than Iran

Literacy > Total population 79.4%
Ranked 110th.
99%
Ranked 20th. 25% more than Iran

Primary education, duration > Years 5
Ranked 152nd.
6
Ranked 53th. 20% more than Iran

Primary education, teachers per 1000 3.78
Ranked 93th.
5.49
Ranked 49th. 45% more than Iran

Pupil-teacher ratio, primary 20.49
Ranked 69th. 43% more than United States
14.29
Ranked 98th.

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary 31.31
Ranked 4th. 2 times more than United States
14.49
Ranked 56th.

Secondary education, duration > Years 7
Ranked 31st. 17% more than United States
6
Ranked 102nd.

Child care (preschool) > Duration 1
Ranked 194th.
3
Ranked 47th. 3 times more than Iran

Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita 6 per 1,000 people
Ranked 23th. 9% more than United States
5.5 per 1,000 people
Ranked 65th.

Secondary education, pupils 7.12 million
Ranked 2nd.
24.21 million
Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Iran

College and university > Private school share 44.71%
Ranked 13th. 60% more than United States
27.95%
Ranked 46th.

Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment 1.22
Ranked 1st. 23% more than United States
0.99
Ranked 49th.

School life expectancy > Total 11.3 years
Ranked 58th.
15.2 years
Ranked 14th. 35% more than Iran
Primary education, pupils 5.75 million
Ranked 7th.
24.43 million
Ranked 5th. 4 times more than Iran

Primary education, teachers 277,991
Ranked 13th.
1.71 million
Ranked 5th. 6 times more than Iran

Compulsary education starting age 6
Ranked 28th. The same as United States
6
Ranked 66th.

Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary per million 0.501
Ranked 40th. 11 times more than United States
0.0465
Ranked 96th.

Literacy > Definition age 15 and over can read and write age 15 and over can read and write
High school > Upper secondary school duration 4
Ranked 15th. 33% more than United States
3
Ranked 73th.

Literacy > Male 85.6%
Ranked 100th.
99%
Ranked 28th. 16% more than Iran

High school > Private school share 11.95%
Ranked 36th. 44% more than United States
8.27%
Ranked 86th.

Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary 19.22
Ranked 68th. 35% more than United States
14.21
Ranked 120th.

Child care (preschool) > Starting age 5
Ranked 7th. 67% more than United States
3
Ranked 103th.

Tertiary > Students studying abroad 46,920.29
Ranked 13th.
56,943.33
Ranked 6th. 21% more than Iran

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level 1.71 million
Ranked 22nd.
16.61 million
Ranked 1st. 10 times more than Iran

Elementary (primary school) > Duration 5
Ranked 161st.
6
Ranked 59th. 20% more than Iran

Children out of school > Primary 306,852
Ranked 19th.
1.62 million
Ranked 2nd. 5 times more than Iran

Secondary education, teachers per 1000 4.48
Ranked 34th.
5.36
Ranked 56th. 20% more than Iran

Secondary education, teachers 280,309
Ranked 9th.
1.67 million
Ranked 4th. 6 times more than Iran

Child care (preschool) > Students per teacher 26.91
Ranked 18th. 80% more than United States
14.96
Ranked 64th.

High school > Lower secondary school duration 3
Ranked 97th. The same as United States
3
Ranked 105th.

Children out of school, primary, male per 1000 0.849
Ranked 87th.
3.14
Ranked 43th. 4 times more than Iran

Secondary education, general pupils 6.31 million
Ranked 3rd.
24.21 million
Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Iran

High school > Gender parity index 0.959
Ranked 75th.
1.01
Ranked 68th. 5% more than Iran

Scientific and technical journal articles 1,806
Ranked 36th.
211,233
Ranked 1st. 117 times more than Iran

College and university > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female 24%
Ranked 60th.
47%
Ranked 7th. 96% more than Iran
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion 1.14%
Ranked 108th. 4 times more than United States
0.271%
Ranked 124th.

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000 25.31
Ranked 64th.
57.75
Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Iran

Elementary (primary school) > Starting age 6
Ranked 68th. The same as United States
6
Ranked 77th.

Education expenditure of government > As percentage of total government 22.8%
Ranked 10th. 49% more than United States
15.3%
Ranked 38th.

Children out of school, primary, male 59,578
Ranked 33th.
976,866
Ranked 3rd. 16 times more than Iran

Education expenditure of government > As percentage of GNI 4.7%
Ranked 24th.
5.9%
Ranked 23th. 26% more than Iran

High school > Students per teacher 31.31
Ranked 4th. 2 times more than United States
14.49
Ranked 57th.

Secondary education > General pupils 9.07 million
Ranked 3rd.
24.19 million
Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Iran

Secondary school starting age > Years 11
Ranked 144th.
12
Ranked 59th. 9% more than Iran

Primary education > Teachers > Per capita 5.57 per 1,000 people
Ranked 32nd.
5.88 per 1,000 people
Ranked 44th. 6% more than Iran

Education enrolment by level > Primary level 7.03 million
Ranked 18th.
24.85 million
Ranked 4th. 4 times more than Iran

High school > Population with at least high school education > Women 62.1%
Ranked 68th.
94.7%
Ranked 14th. 52% more than Iran

Primary education, pupils per 1000 75.2
Ranked 64th.
78.41
Ranked 97th. 4% more than Iran

Secondary education, pupils per 1000 93.14
Ranked 21st. 20% more than United States
77.71
Ranked 76th.

Girls to boys ratio > Tertiary level enrolment 1.09
Ranked 52nd.
1.4
Ranked 22nd. 28% more than Iran

Girls to boys ratio > Secondary level enrolment 0.94
Ranked 98th.
1.02
Ranked 54th. 9% more than Iran

Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita 26.16 per 1,000 people
Ranked 62nd.
57.61 per 1,000 people
Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Iran

Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people 0.622
Ranked 134th. 3 times more than United States
0.183
Ranked 178th.

Children out of school > Primary per 1000 4.37
Ranked 55th.
5.54
Ranked 58th. 27% more than Iran

Primary education > Duration > Years 5 years
Ranked 147th.
6 years
Ranked 54th. 20% more than Iran

Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita $1,335.19
Ranked 91st.
$33,005.49
Ranked 3rd. 25 times more than Iran

Secondary education, general pupils per 1000 82.5
Ranked 28th. 6% more than United States
77.71
Ranked 47th.

Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share 7.52%
Ranked 49th.
8.72%
Ranked 80th. 16% more than Iran

High school > Lower secondary starting age 11
Ranked 147th.
12
Ranked 61st. 9% more than Iran

Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level 95%
Ranked 60th. 1% more than United States
94%
Ranked 71st.

Primary education > Pupils 7.31 million
Ranked 6th.
24.56 million
Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Iran

High school > Population with at least high school education > Men 69.1%
Ranked 63th.
94.3%
Ranked 22nd. 36% more than Iran

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Tertiary level 50.74%
Ranked 76th.
56.64%
Ranked 34th. 12% more than Iran

Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita 152.95 per 1,000 people
Ranked 3rd. 85% more than United States
82.72 per 1,000 people
Ranked 88th.

Secondary education, vocational pupils 813,189
Ranked 2nd.
0.0
Ranked 96th.

Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher 20.49
Ranked 67th. 43% more than United States
14.29
Ranked 100th.

Secondary education > Teachers 409,196
Ranked 3rd.
1.62 million
Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Iran

School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary 13 years
Ranked 8th.
16 years
Ranked 15th. 23% more than Iran
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level 10.02 million
Ranked 9th.
23.85 million
Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Iran

Scientific and technical journal articles per million 26.35
Ranked 58th.
728.12
Ranked 13th. 28 times more than Iran

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Primary level 47.89%
Ranked 120th.
48.86%
Ranked 40th. 2% more than Iran

Children out of school > Primary > Per capita 4.5 per 1,000 people
Ranked 56th.
5.52 per 1,000 people
Ranked 57th. 23% more than Iran

Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Women 100%
Ranked 1st. 6% more than United States
94%
Ranked 66th.

High school > Upper secondary starting age 14
Ranked 176th.
15
Ranked 90th. 7% more than Iran

School life expectancy > Male 12 years
Ranked 42nd.
14.8 years
Ranked 17th. 23% more than Iran
Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita 132.84 per 1,000 people
Ranked 3rd. 61% more than United States
82.36 per 1,000 people
Ranked 51st.

Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita 0.107 per capita
Ranked 98th. 24% more than United States
0.086 per capita
Ranked 119th.

Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000 103.78
Ranked 102nd. 20% more than United States
86.39
Ranked 118th.

Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Men 91%
Ranked 78th.
93%
Ranked 66th. 2% more than Iran

Elementary (primary school) > Teachers > Proportion of teachers female 57%
Ranked 9th.
87%
Ranked 8th. 53% more than Iran
Primary education > Teachers 380,199
Ranked 3rd.
1.73 million
Ranked 3rd. 5 times more than Iran

Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Secondary level 47.23%
Ranked 121st.
48.72%
Ranked 92nd. 3% more than Iran

Primary education > Teachers per 1000 5.42
Ranked 31st.
5.9
Ranked 45th. 9% more than Iran

Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita 5.98 per 1,000 people
Ranked 35th. 71% more than United States
3.5 per 1,000 people
Ranked 47th.

Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ $95.88 billion
Ranked 29th.
$10.28 trillion
Ranked 1st. 107 times more than Iran

Primary school starting age > Years 6
Ranked 68th. The same as United States
6
Ranked 77th.

Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries 98.89%
Ranked 1st. 21% more than United States
81.55%
Ranked 48th.

High school > Share of total education spending 41.43%
Ranked 4th. 17% more than United States
35.42%
Ranked 52nd.

Secondary education > Teachers per 1000 5.83
Ranked 26th. 6% more than United States
5.52
Ranked 66th.

Secondary education > General pupils per 1000 129.24
Ranked 4th. 56% more than United States
82.6
Ranked 48th.

Ratio of female to male primary enrollment 122.22
Ranked 1st. 26% more than United States
97.22
Ranked 93th.

Children out of school > Primary > Male 306,852
Ranked 9th.
593,372
Ranked 5th. 93% more than Iran

Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index 0.988
Ranked 52nd.
0.991
Ranked 69th. About the same as Iran

Class size > Age 9 31.9 students
Ranked 2nd. 36% more than United States
23.5 students
Ranked 6th.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000 148.01
Ranked 7th. 78% more than United States
82.94
Ranked 90th.

School life expectancy > Female 10.5 years
Ranked 63th.
15.7 years
Ranked 11th. 50% more than Iran
Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita 4.5 per 1,000 people
Ranked 43th. 2 times more than United States
2.02 per 1,000 people
Ranked 67th.

Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment 93.96
Ranked 60th.
101.63
Ranked 58th. 8% more than Iran

Primary education > Pupils per 1000 104.16
Ranked 71st. 24% more than United States
83.88
Ranked 115th.

Teacher qualifications > Share with special training > Age 9 86%
Ranked 13th.
96%
Ranked 8th. 12% more than Iran
Teacher qualifications > Share with degree > Age 9 7%
Ranked 14th.
100%
Ranked 1st. 14 times more than Iran
International Mathematical Olympiad > Results for the 2006 IMO > Points 145
Ranked 8th.
154
Ranked 5th. 6% more than Iran
Students living with mother > Age 9 74%
Ranked 16th.
93%
Ranked 8th. 26% more than Iran
Teacher qualifications > Years experience > Age 9 16.2 years experience
Ranked 13th.
16.4 years experience
Ranked 12th. 1% more than Iran
Students from households with computer > Age 9 8%
Ranked 15th.
51%
Ranked 5th. 6 times more than Iran
Students from households with dictionary > Age 9 27%
Ranked 16th.
89%
Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Iran
School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net 99.9% net
Ranked 1st. 10% more than United States
90.49% net
Ranked 71st.

Literacy and Attainment > Educational attainment: completed tertiary > Tertiary > Population 25+ years > % > Over 24 year olds 19.97%
Ranked 26th.
40.66%
Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than Iran
Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment 30.4%
Ranked 70th.
37.6%
Ranked 57th. 24% more than Iran

Public spending on education, total > % of GDP 3.71%
Ranked 8th.
5.62%
Ranked 41st. 51% more than Iran

Unemployment with primary education, male > % of male unemployment 50.7%
Ranked 19th. 3 times more than United States
20.2%
Ranked 66th.

Labor force with tertiary education, male > % of male labor force 14.2%
Ranked 58th.
35%
Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Iran

Unemployment with tertiary education, female > % of female unemployment 52.3%
Ranked 3rd. 1% more than United States
51.9%
Ranked 4th.

Unemployment with tertiary education, male > % of male unemployment 14.9%
Ranked 45th.
42.2%
Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Iran

School enrollment > Primary > Female > % gross 122.11% gross
Ranked 9th. 25% more than United States
97.55% gross
Ranked 117th.

Primary education > Teachers > % female 61.23% female
Ranked 53th.
88.58% female
Ranked 21st. 45% more than Iran

Gross intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of relevant age group 107.33%
Ranked 39th. 7% more than United States
99.85%
Ranked 91st.

Students from households with study desk > Age 9 23%
Ranked 16th.
81%
Ranked 8th. 4 times more than Iran
Government spending on education > % of GDP 3.71%
Ranked 8th.
5.62%
Ranked 39th. 51% more than Iran

School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Female 13 years
Ranked 10th.
16 years
Ranked 25th. 23% more than Iran
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education > % 95.85%
Ranked 39th.
100.42%
Ranked 47th. 5% more than Iran

School enrollment, preprimary, female > % gross 35.6%
Ranked 37th.
72.28%
Ranked 62nd. 2 times more than Iran

School enrollment, preprimary, male > % gross 34.66%
Ranked 38th.
74.31%
Ranked 60th. 2 times more than Iran

Secondary education, pupils > % female 47.55%
Ranked 46th.
48.86%
Ranked 62nd. 3% more than Iran

Expenditure per student, primary > % of GDP per capita 12.38%
Ranked 8th.
22.93%
Ranked 23th. 85% more than Iran

Secondary education, vocational pupils per 1000 10.64
Ranked 18th.
0.0
Ranked 96th.

Secondary education, teachers, female per 1000 1.98
Ranked 33th.
3.28
Ranked 51st. 65% more than Iran

School enrollment > Secondary > % gross 80.64% gross
Ranked 40th.
94.68% gross
Ranked 44th. 17% more than Iran

Adjusted savings: education expenditure > % of GNI 4.11%
Ranked 89th.
4.79%
Ranked 59th. 17% more than Iran

School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary > Male 13 years
Ranked 8th.
15 years
Ranked 24th. 15% more than Iran
Persistence to last grade of primary, total > % of cohort 96.18%
Ranked 17th. 3% more than United States
93.08%
Ranked 58th.

School enrollment, primary > % gross 105.95%
Ranked 40th. 7% more than United States
98.78%
Ranked 107th.

School enrollment, primary, female > % net 96.24%
Ranked 30th. 4% more than United States
92.48%
Ranked 52nd.

Persistence to grade 5, total > % of cohort 96.18%
Ranked 11th. 3% more than United States
93.68%
Ranked 44th.

Persistence to last grade of primary, male > % of cohort 95.82%
Ranked 15th.
98.33%
Ranked 21st. 3% more than Iran

Students from households with more than 25 books > Age 9 18%
Ranked 16th.
73%
Ranked 7th. 4 times more than Iran
School enrollment, secondary, female > % gross 83.44%
Ranked 29th.
93.76%
Ranked 61st. 12% more than Iran

School enrollment, secondary, male > % net 81.28%
Ranked 46th.
86.8%
Ranked 32nd. 7% more than Iran

Secondary education, teachers, female 123,926
Ranked 7th.
1.02 million
Ranked 4th. 8 times more than Iran

SOURCES: UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Development Indicators database; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank national accounts data; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; "Efficiency and Equity in Schools around the World" by Eric A. Hanushek and Javier A. Luque, April 2002; Wikipedia: International Mathematical Olympiad; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=UNESCO&f=series%3aEA_56_Ag25t99, Educational attainment: completed tertiary; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; World Bank staff estimates

Citation

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