Labor Stats: compare key data on Italy & United States

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Agricultural workers > Male: Proportion of employed males engaged in the agricultural sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Employment rate > Adults: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Expense > Current LCU: Expense (current LCU). Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends.
Female doctors: Female doctors as % of the total - 2000.
GNI > Current US$: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
GNI > Current US$ per capita: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Hours worked > Standard workweek: Standard workweek (hours).
Labor force: The total labor force figure
Labor force > By occupation: Component parts of the labor force by occupation.
Labor force per 1000: The total labor force figure. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Labor force, total: Labor force, total. Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.
Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage: Minimum wage.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Strikes: Strikes five-year average in days not worked per 1000 employees (1996-2000)
Trade union membership: Union members as % of all employees. Figures are for 2000.
Unemployment rate: The percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
Male retirement age: Men.
Denmark had range specified: 65-67

Finland had range specified: 62-68

Netherlands had range specified: 65-67

Sweden had range specified: 61-67

United States had range specified: 62-67
Female retirement age: Women.
China had range specified: 50-55

Czech Republic had range specified: 59-63

Denmark had range specified: 65-67

Finland had range specified: 62-68

Greece had range specified: 60-67

Netherlands had range specified: 65-67

Sweden had range specified: 61-67

United States had range specified: 62-67
Labor force, total per 1000: Labor force, total. Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Working mothers: Working proportion of mothers with children under 6 years old 2001
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Both sexes: Percentage of unemployed people out of total population able to work. Workers not able to work due to labor disputes, sickness and childcare do not count towards the percentage.
GNI per capita > Constant LCU: GNI per capita (constant LCU). GNI per capita is gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant local currency.
Expense > Current LCU per capita: Expense (current LCU). Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Employment rate > Women: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Labor force > Total: Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organisation definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector."
Industrial workers > Male: Proportion of employed males engaged in the industrial sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Employment rate > Men: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men: Employment-to-population ratio, men, percentage.
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Men: Percentage of unemployed men out of total male population able to work. Men not able to work due to labor disputes, sickness and childcare do not count towards the percentage.
Compensation of employees > Current LCU: Compensation of employees consists of all payments in cash, as well as in kind (such as food and housing), to employees in return for services rendered, and government contributions to social insurance schemes such as social security and pensions that provide benefits to employees.
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment rate: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed."
Force > Total > Per capita: Total labor force comprises people who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Force > Total: Total labor force comprises people who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.
Female decision makers: Female legislators, senior officials and managers (as % of total). Data refer to the latest year available during the period 1991-2000. Those for countries that have implemented the recent International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88) are not strictly comparable with those for countries using the previous classification (ISCO-68).
Agricultural workers > Female: Proportion of employed females engaged in the agricultural sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Employment > Percent of population are employees > Women: Number of female self-reported employees (formal or informal), expressed as a percentage of the total female employed population.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Industry > Men > Aged above 14: Percent employed in industry.
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, both sexes: Percentage of population aged 15-24 that is unemployed.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > National unemployment rate: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.
The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group.
GNI > Current LCU: GNI (current LCU). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current local currency.
Unemployment: Unemployed as proportion of the total labour force. Data for 2000-2002.
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Women: Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week.
Self-employed persons include employers, own-account workers, members of producers’ co-operatives, and unpaid family workers. The last of these are unpaid in the sense that they do not have a formal contract to receive a fixed amount of income at regular intervals, but they share in the income generated by the enterprise; unpaid family workers are particularly important in farming and retail trade. Note that all persons who work in corporate enterprises, including company directors, are considered to be employees.
The rates shown here are the percentages of the self-employed in total civilian employment i.e., total employment less military employees.
Female economic activity: Female economic activity rate (aged 15 and above) in 2000.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women: Employment-to-population ratio, women, percentage.
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Women: Percentage of unemployed women out of total female population able to work. Women not able to work due to labor disputes, sickness and childcare do not count towards the percentage.
Labor force > Per capita: The total labor force figure Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 30-34: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Days off work: Number of days not worked for every 1000 salaried employees. Selected OECD countries only. Data for 2000.
Industrial workers > Female: Proportion of employed females engaged in the industrial sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Work Time > More than 40 hours: Percentage of persons in employment working more than 40 hours/week. Data is for 2000.
Employment rate > Young adults: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
Female professionals: Female professional and technical workers (as % of total)
Net income from abroad > Current US$: Net income from abroad (current US$). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Unemployment gender ratio: Female unemployment rate as a % of the male unemployment rate.
Part time employment rate > Men > Aged above 14: Percent of males over the age of 14 years who work less than 30 hours a week (either as employees or self-employed) as a percentage of all males in employment.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ per capita: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Employment > Employment rates by gender > Employment rates > Men: Employment rates are calculated as the ratio of the employed to the working age population. To calculate this employment rate, the population of working age is divided into two groups: those who are employed and those who are not. Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week. Those not in employment consist of persons who are out of work but seeking employment, students and all others who have excluded themselves from the labour force for one reason or another, such as incapacity or the need to look after young children or elderly relatives.
Working age is generally defined as persons in the 15 to 64 age bracket although in some countries working age is defined as 16 to 64.
Rigidity of employment index > 0=less rigid to 100=more rigid: The rigidity of employment index measures the regulation of employment, specifically the hiring and firing of workers and the rigidity of working hours. This index is the average of three subindexes: a difficulty of hiring index, a rigidity of hours index, and a difficulty of firing index. The index ranges from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating more rigid regulations."
Employment > Employment share by sector > Agriculture > Men > Aged above 14: Percent employed in agriculture.
Employment > Percent of population are employees > Men: Number of male self-reported employees (formal or informal), expressed as a percentage of the total male employed population.
Service workers > Male: Proportion of employed males engaged in the service sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Female economic activity growth: The % change in the female economic activity rate (aged 15 and above) from 1990 to 2000.
Employment rate > Young men: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
Employment rate > Young women: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ > Per capita: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Unemployment > Unemployment rates > Unemployment rates > Total: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of the unemployed plus those in employment, which are defined as persons who have worked for one hour or more in the last week.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
Hours worked: Number of hours worked in 2003; average of all people in employment. Note that different nations use very different practices and definitions in this data field, so comparisons such as this table are tentative at best.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 65 plus: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Total: Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week.
Self-employed persons include employers, own-account workers, members of producers’ co-operatives, and unpaid family workers. The last of these are unpaid in the sense that they do not have a formal contract to receive a fixed amount of income at regular intervals, but they share in the income generated by the enterprise; unpaid family workers are particularly important in farming and retail trade. Note that all persons who work in corporate enterprises, including company directors, are considered to be employees.
The rates shown here are the percentages of the self-employed in total civilian employment i.e., total employment less military employees.
GDP per person employed > Constant 1990 PPP $: GDP per person employed is gross domestic product (GDP) divided by total employment in the economy. Purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP is GDP converted to 1990 constant international dollars using PPP rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP that a U.S. dollar has in the United States.
GNI > Constant LCU: GNI (constant LCU). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant local currency.
GNI > Constant LCU per capita: GNI (constant LCU). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant local currency. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
GNI per capita > Constant 2000 US$: GNI per capita (constant 2000 US$). GNI per capita is gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
Service workers > Female: Proportion of employed females engaged in the service sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Long term unemployment: Long term unemployment as a % of labour force, 2000. Long term implies 12 months or longer.
Part time employment rate > Women > Aged above 14: Percent of females over the age of 14 years who work less than 30 hours a week (either as employees or self-employed) as a percentage of all females in employment.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Agriculture > Women > Aged above 14: Percent employed in agriculture.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged 15 to 24: Employment-to-population ratio.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged above 14: Employment-to-population ratio.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged above 14: Employment-to-population ratio.
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, male: Percentage of male population aged 15-24 that is unemployed.
Gender division of housework: Gender Division of Labour Index, 1994 Range = 1.00 (female does all) through 2.50 (equality) to 5.00 (male does all).
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 45-49: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ > Per $ GDP: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1,000 $ gross domestic product.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > National unemployment rate per million: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.
The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Foreign labor force: Foreign labour force 2000
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment > Long-term unemployment: Long-term unemployment is conventionally defined either as those unemployed for 6 months or more or, as here, those unemployed for 12 months or more. The ratios calculated here show the proportion of these long-term unemployed among all unemployed.
Unemployment is defined in most OECD countries in accordance with the ILO Guidelines. Unemployment is usually measured by household labour force surveys and the unemployed are defined as those persons who report that they have worked in gainful employment for less than one hour in the previous week, who are available for work and who have taken actions to seek employment in the previous four weeks. The ILO Guidelines specify the kinds of actions that count as seeking work.
Total work time > Males: Total work time (minutes per day)
Employment > Employment share by sector > Services > Men > Aged above 14: Percent employed in services.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Industry > Women > Aged above 14: Percent employed in industry.
Working time to buy > A car: Hours worked by average worker to buy a car. Indicative of the purchasing power of the currency of the country.
Work time > Market-oriented: Classification of market and non-market activities are not strictly based on the 1993 revised UN System of National Accounts, so comparisons between countries and areas must be made with caution.
Total work time > Females: Total work time (minutes per day)
Economic activity > Women aged 40-44: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Working time to buy > Chicken: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy one kilo of chicken. The comparison of income levels only becomes meaningful if the cost of buying the necessities and luxuries of life is also considered.
Working time to buy > Milk: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy 1 litre of milk.
Economic activity > Men aged 15-19: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Men aged 35-39: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Men aged 20-24: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 15-19: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Total work time > Females over males: Female total work time as a % of male total work time
Unemployment and education > Tertiary: Unemployment rates among people of all ages who are educated to tertiary levels. Data is for 2000.
Employment rate of highly educated women: Employment rate of women aged 25-54, 2000, who are educated upto or more than tertiary level.
Researchers in labor force: Number of researchers per 10000 in the labour force (1999).
Work time > Non-market-oriented: Classification of market and non-market activities are not strictly based on the 1993 revised UN System of National Accounts, so comparisons between countries and areas must be made with caution.
Labor force with tertiary education > % of total: Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Working time to buy > Beef: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy one kilo of beef. The comparison of income levels only becomes meaningful if the cost of buying the necessities and luxuries of life is also considered.
Unemployment benefit as % of GDP: Expenditure on unemployment benefits as % of GDP (Year 1998).
Net income from abroad > Constant LCU per million: Net income from abroad (constant LCU). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in constant local currency. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged 15 to 24: Employment-to-population ratio.
Net income from abroad > Constant LCU: Net income from abroad (constant LCU). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in constant local currency.
Part time employment, male > % of total male employment: Part time employment, male (% of total male employment). Part time employment refers to regular employment in which working time is substantially less than normal. Definitions of part time employment differ by country.
Part time employment, total > % of total employment: Part time employment, total (% of total employment). Part time employment refers to regular employment in which working time is substantially less than normal. Definitions of part time employment differ by country.
Working time to buy > A television set: Hours worked by average worker to buy a television set. Indicative of the purchasing power of the currency of the country.
Economic activity > Men aged 65 plus: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Unemployment > Youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Economic activity > Men aged 25-29: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Employment > Part-time employment > Incidence of part-time employment per million: Part-time employment refers to persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week in their main job. Both employees and the self-employed may be part-time workers.
Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week. The rates shown here refer to the numbers of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week as a percentage of the total number of those in employment. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Employees > Industry > Female > % of female employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water)."
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Total per million: Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week.
Self-employed persons include employers, own-account workers, members of producers’ co-operatives, and unpaid family workers. The last of these are unpaid in the sense that they do not have a formal contract to receive a fixed amount of income at regular intervals, but they share in the income generated by the enterprise; unpaid family workers are particularly important in farming and retail trade. Note that all persons who work in corporate enterprises, including company directors, are considered to be employees.
The rates shown here are the percentages of the self-employed in total civilian employment i.e., total employment less military employees. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Economic activity > Women aged 20-24: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Women aged 65 plus: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 60-64: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Personal remittances, received > % of GDP: Personal remittances, received (% of GDP). Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: personal transfers and compensation of employees.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Gini index of regional unemployment rates > Small regions: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.
The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ > Per capita: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Net income from abroad > Current LCU per million: Net income from abroad (current LCU). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current local currency. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Long term unemployment > Share: Percentage share of unemployment that lasts longer than 12 months. Data for 2001.
Unemployment > Unemployment > Total > % of total labor force: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Labor force > Female > % of total labor force: Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organisation's definition of the economically active population.
Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector > % of total nonagricultural employment: Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector is the share of female workers in the nonagricultural sector (industry and services), expressed as a percentage of total employment in the nonagricultural sector. Industry includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, electricity, gas, and water, corresponding to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3). Services include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services-corresponding to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3)."
Unemployment > Unemployed youths per unemployed adult > Women > Aged 15 to 24: Ratio of youth unemployment rate to adult unemployment rate.
Unemployment > Unemployed youths per unemployed adult > Men > Aged 15 to 24: Ratio of youth unemployment rate to adult unemployment rate.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Services > Women > Aged above 14: Percent employed in services.
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, female: Percentage of female population aged 15-24 that is unemployed.
Employment > Underemployment > Working less than 20 hours per week > Women > Aged above 14: Percentage of females above the age of 14 in employment, who work less than 20 hours/week.
Employment > Underemployment > Working less than 20 hours per week > Men > Aged above 14: Percentage of males above the age of 14 in employment, who work less than 20 hours/week.
Part time > Part time employment rate > Women: Percentage of country's females over the age of 15 that are employed only part-time.
Part time > Part time employment rate > Men: Percentage of country's males over the age of 15 that are employed only part-time.
GNI > Current US$, % of GDP: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Expense > % of GDP: Expense (% of GDP). Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends.
Economic activity > Men aged 40-44: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ > Per $ GDP: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1,000 $ gross domestic product.
Unemployment > Unemployment rates > Unemployment rates > Total per million: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of the unemployed plus those in employment, which are defined as persons who have worked for one hour or more in the last week.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Economic activity > Men aged 45-49: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Men aged 55-59: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Men aged 60-64: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Women aged 25-29: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Employees, agriculture, female > % of female employment: Employees, agriculture, female (% of female employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing.
Employment > Working more than 40 hours per week > Men > Aged above 14: Percentage of males above the age of 14 in employment, who work more than 40 hours per week.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ per capita: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Economic activity > Women aged 45-49: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Force with tertiary education > % of total: Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Employees, agriculture, male > % of male employment: Employees, agriculture, male (% of male employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing.
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total > %: Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
Employment to population ratio, 15+, total > %: Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Wage and salaried workers, female > % of females employed: Wage and salaried workers, female (% of females employed). Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.
Wage and salary workers, male > % of males employed: Wage and salary workers, male (% of males employed). Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.
Contributing family workers, female > % of females employed: Contributing family workers, female (% of females employed). Contributing family workers are those workers who hold u2018self-employment jobsu2019 as own-account workers in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.
Contributing family workers, male > % of males employed: Contributing family workers, male (% of males employed). Contributing family workers are those workers who hold "self-employment jobs" as own-account workers in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.
Contributing family workers, total > % of total employed: Contributing family workers, total (% of total employed). Contributing family workers are those workers who hold "self-employment jobs" as own-account workers in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.
Employees, services, female > % of female employment: Employees, services, female (% of female employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services.
Employees, services, male > % of male employment: Employees, services, male (% of male employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services.
Part time employment, female > % of total part time employment: Part time employment, female (% of total part time employment). Part time employment refers to regular employment in which working time is substantially less than normal. Definitions of part time employment differ by country.
Unemployment, male > % of male labor force: Unemployment, male (% of male labor force). Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Unemployment, total > % of total labor force: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force). Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Labor force with secondary education > Male > % of male labor force: Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Labor force with primary education > Female > % of female labor force: Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Labor force with primary education > % of total: Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Labor force with secondary education > % of total: Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Labor force with primary education > Male > % of male labor force: Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Labor force with secondary education > Female > % of female labor force: Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Unemployment > Unemployment with primary education > Male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Unemployment > Total > % of total labor force: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment rate > Female: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed."
Unemployment > Unemployment with primary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Steel industry jobs: Employment in the steel industry. Figures in thousand jobs.
Working time to buy > Bread: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy bread.
Net income from abroad > Current US$, % of GDP: Net income from abroad (current US$). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
GNI growth > Annual %: GNI growth (annual %). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad.
GNI per capita > Current LCU: GNI per capita (current LCU). GNI per capita is gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current local currency.
Unemployment, youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24: Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15-24). Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Long-term unemployment, male > % of male unemployment: Long-term unemployment, male (% of male unemployment). Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
Unemployment, female > % of female labor force: Unemployment, female (% of female labor force). Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Working time to buy > A refrigerator: Hours worked by average worker to buy a refrigerator. Indicative of the purchasing power of the currency of the country.
Unemployment > Male > % of male labor force: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Force with secondary education > % of total: Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Long-term unemployment > Male > % of male unemployment: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 35-39: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Women aged 60-64: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Women aged 35-39: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Compensation of employees > % of expense: Compensation of employees consists of all payments in cash, as well as in kind (such as food and housing), to employees in return for services rendered, and government contributions to social insurance schemes such as social security and pensions that provide benefits to employees.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Range in regional unemployment rate > Small regions > Maximum: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.
The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Range in regional unemployment rate > Small regions > Minimum: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.
The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group.
Unemployment > Youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Force > Female > % of total labor force: Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises all people who meet the International Labour Organization's definition of the economically active population.
Working time to buy > Fish: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy one kilo of fish. The comparison of income levels only becomes meaningful if the cost of buying the necessities and luxuries of life is also considered.
Employment > Employment rates by gender > Employment rates > Men per million: Employment rates are calculated as the ratio of the employed to the working age population. To calculate this employment rate, the population of working age is divided into two groups: those who are employed and those who are not. Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week. Those not in employment consist of persons who are out of work but seeking employment, students and all others who have excluded themselves from the labour force for one reason or another, such as incapacity or the need to look after young children or elderly relatives.
Working age is generally defined as persons in the 15 to 64 age bracket although in some countries working age is defined as 16 to 64. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Unemployment with tertiary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > Male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Women per million: Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week.
Self-employed persons include employers, own-account workers, members of producers’ co-operatives, and unpaid family workers. The last of these are unpaid in the sense that they do not have a formal contract to receive a fixed amount of income at regular intervals, but they share in the income generated by the enterprise; unpaid family workers are particularly important in farming and retail trade. Note that all persons who work in corporate enterprises, including company directors, are considered to be employees.
The rates shown here are the percentages of the self-employed in total civilian employment i.e., total employment less military employees. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 20-24: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 25-29: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Unemployment with tertiary education > Male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Economic activity > Women aged 30-34: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Net income from abroad > Current US$ per million: Net income from abroad (current US$). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Employment in industry > % of total employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water)."
Net income from abroad > Current LCU: Net income from abroad (current LCU). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current local currency.
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment > Long-term unemployment per million: Long-term unemployment is conventionally defined either as those unemployed for 6 months or more or, as here, those unemployed for 12 months or more. The ratios calculated here show the proportion of these long-term unemployed among all unemployed.
Unemployment is defined in most OECD countries in accordance with the ILO Guidelines. Unemployment is usually measured by household labour force surveys and the unemployed are defined as those persons who report that they have worked in gainful employment for less than one hour in the previous week, who are available for work and who have taken actions to seek employment in the previous four weeks. The ILO Guidelines specify the kinds of actions that count as seeking work. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Unemployment > Unemployment with secondary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Employment rate of lesser educated women: Employment rate of women aged 25-54, 2000, who are educated lesser than upper secondary level.
Unemployment > Female > % of female labor force: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Long-term unemployment > Female > % of female unemployment: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
Unemployment and education > Upper secondary: Unemployment rates among people of all ages who are educated upto Upper Secondary levels. Data is for 2000.
Long-term unemployment > % of total unemployment: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
Unemployment with secondary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Force participation rate > Female > % of female population ages 15-64: Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15-64 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
Unemployment > Youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 40-44: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Women aged 50-54: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Women aged 55-59: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Unemployment with secondary education > Male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration.
Steel industry jobs per million: Employment in the steel industry. Figures in thousand jobs. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Economic activity > Men aged 30-34: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Women aged 15-19: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Employment > Part-time employment > Incidence of part-time employment: Part-time employment refers to persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week in their main job. Both employees and the self-employed may be part-time workers.
Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week. The rates shown here refer to the numbers of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week as a percentage of the total number of those in employment.
Employment > Working more than 40 hours per week > Women > Aged above 14: Percentage of females above the age of 14 in employment, who work more than 40 hours per week.
GNI > Current LCU per capita: GNI (current LCU). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current local currency. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Subsidies and other transfers > % of expense: Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense). Subsidies, grants, and other social benefits include all unrequited, nonrepayable transfers on current account to private and public enterprises; grants to foreign governments, international organizations, and other government units; and social security, social assistance benefits, and employer social benefits in cash and in kind.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 50-54: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Men aged 50-54: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male > %: Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
Employment to population ratio, 15+, female > %: Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 55-59: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Force participation rate > Total > % of total population ages 15-64: Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15-64 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
Self-employed, female > % of females employed: Self-employed, female (% of females employed). Self employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" (i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced). Self employed workers include three subcategories: employers, own-account workers, and members of producers' cooperatives.
Self-employed, male > % of males employed: Self-employed, male (% of males employed). Self employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" (i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced). Self employed workers include three subcategories: employers, own-account workers, and members of producers' cooperatives.
Self-employed, total > % of total employed: Self-employed, total (% of total employed). Self employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" (i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced). Self employed workers include three subcategories: employers, own-account workers, and members of producers' cooperatives.
Employment to population ratio, 15+, male > %: Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Force participation rate > Male > % of male population ages 15-64: Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15-64 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
Wage and salaried workers, total > % of total employed: Wage and salaried workers, total (% of total employed). Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.
Employees, industry, female > % of female employment: Employees, industry, female (% of female employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water).
Employees, industry, male > % of male employment: Employees, industry, male (% of male employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water).
Unemployment, youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24: Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15-24). Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Unemployment, youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24: Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24). Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Long-term unemployment, female > % of female unemployment: Long-term unemployment, female (% of female unemployment). Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
Force with primary education > % of total: Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Force > Total per 1000: Total labor force comprises people who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Employees > Services > Female > % of female employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services."
Employees > Agriculture > Male > % of male employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing."
Employees > Agriculture > Female > % of female employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing."
Employment in agriculture > % of total employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing."
Employment in services > % of total employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services."
Labor participation rate > Total > % of total population ages 15+: Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.

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STAT	Italy	United States
Agricultural workers > Male	6% Ranked 57th. 50% more than United States	4% Ranked 69th.
Employment rate > Adults	43.6 Ranked 156th.	59.2 Ranked 74th. 36% more than Italy
Expense > Current LCU	655.8 billion Ranked 38th.	3.92 trillion Ranked 18th. 6 times more than Italy
Female doctors	30.2% Ranked 12th. 31% more than United States	23.1% Ranked 17th.
GNI > Current US$	$2.00 trillion Ranked 9th.	$16.51 trillion Ranked 2nd. 8 times more than Italy
GNI > Current US$ per capita	$32,855.96 Ranked 22nd.	$52,608.35 Ranked 8th. 60% more than Italy
Hours worked > Standard workweek	40 hours Ranked 141st. The same as United States	40 hours Ranked 108th.
Labor force	25.05 million Ranked 22nd.	154.9 million Ranked 4th. 6 times more than Italy
Labor force > By occupation	agriculture 5%, industry 32%, services 63%	farming, forestry, and fishing 0.7%, manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and crafts 22.9%, managerial, professional, and technical 34.9%, sales and office 25%, other services 16.5%; <i>note:</i> figures exclude the unemployed
Labor force per 1000	414.16 Ranked 77th.	500.77 Ranked 33th. 21% more than Italy
Labor force, total	25.66 million Ranked 26th.	158.69 million Ranked 4th. 6 times more than Italy
Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage	None; instead set through collective bargaining agreements on a sector-by-sector basis.	The federal minimum wage in the United States is US$ 7.25 per hour. States may also set a minimum, in which case the higher of the two is controlling; some territories are exempt and have lower rates.
Strikes	76 Ranked 9th. 27% more than United States	60 Ranked 11th.
Trade union membership	35% Ranked 8th. 3 times more than United States	13% Ranked 17th.
Unemployment rate	8.4% Ranked 38th.	9.7% Ranked 31st. 15% more than Italy
Male retirement age	66 Ranked 1st. 2% more than United States	64.5 Ranked 5th.
Female retirement age	66 Ranked 1st. 2% more than United States	64.5 Ranked 3rd.
Labor force, total per 1000	421.19 Ranked 124th.	505.51 Ranked 51st. 20% more than Italy
Working mothers	47% Ranked 16th.	61% Ranked 8th. 30% more than Italy
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Both sexes	44.3% Ranked 66th.	58.4% Ranked 34th. 32% more than Italy
GNI per capita > Constant LCU	22,655.71 Ranked 68th.	46,084.41 Ranked 47th. 2 times more than Italy
Expense > Current LCU per capita	10,799.84 Ranked 63th.	12,566.94 Ranked 57th. 16% more than Italy
Employment rate > Women	33.4 Ranked 144th.	52.9 Ranked 50th. 58% more than Italy
Labor force > Total	25.21 million Ranked 22nd.	158.37 million Ranked 4th. 6 times more than Italy
Industrial workers > Male	39% Ranked 13th. 22% more than United States	32% Ranked 42nd.
Employment rate > Men	54.9 Ranked 148th.	66 Ranked 107th. 20% more than Italy
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men	54.6% Ranked 61st.	63.9% Ranked 38th. 17% more than Italy
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Men	54.6% Ranked 61st.	63.9% Ranked 38th. 17% more than Italy
Compensation of employees > Current LCU	91596000000	341229000000
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment rate	47.5 Ranked 10th. 4 times more than United States	10.6 Ranked 30th.
Force > Total > Per capita	0.417 per capita Ranked 121st.	0.524 per capita Ranked 22nd. 26% more than Italy
Force > Total	24.44 million Ranked 22nd.	155.46 million Ranked 3rd. 6 times more than Italy
Female decision makers	19% Ranked 57th.	45% Ranked 1st. 2 times more than Italy
Agricultural workers > Female	4% Ranked 47th. 4 times more than United States	1% Ranked 76th.
Employment > Percent of population are employees > Women	59.6% Ranked 55th.	94.1% Ranked 5th. 58% more than Italy
Employment > Employment share by sector > Industry > Men > Aged above 14	39.1% Ranked 12th. 29% more than United States	30.2% Ranked 44th.
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, both sexes	29.1% Ranked 20th. 68% more than United States	17.3% Ranked 42nd.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > National unemployment rate	6.85% Ranked 14th. 48% more than United States	4.62% Ranked 19th.
GNI > Current LCU	1.56 trillion Ranked 72nd.	16.51 trillion Ranked 27th. 11 times more than Italy
Unemployment	10.3% Ranked 1st. 2 times more than United States	5% Ranked 11th.
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Women	20% Ranked 8th. 3 times more than United States	5.84% Ranked 26th.
Female economic activity	38.3% Ranked 124th.	58.8% Ranked 57th. 54% more than Italy
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women	34.8% Ranked 63th.	53.2% Ranked 22nd. 53% more than Italy
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Women	34.8% Ranked 63th.	53.2% Ranked 22nd. 53% more than Italy
Labor force > Per capita	413.19 per 1,000 people Ranked 41st.	508.4 per 1,000 people Ranked 42nd. 23% more than Italy
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 30-34	83.63% Ranked 86th.	86.54% Ranked 69th. 3% more than Italy
Days off work	59 days Ranked 10th.	163 days Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Italy
Industrial workers > Female	21% Ranked 21st. 75% more than United States	12% Ranked 56th.
Work Time > More than 40 hours	63.8% Ranked 5th.	67.6% Ranked 2nd. 6% more than Italy
Employment rate > Young adults	24.7 Ranked 147th.	50.7 Ranked 45th. 2 times more than Italy
Female professionals	44% Ranked 53th.	54% Ranked 20th. 23% more than Italy
Net income from abroad > Current US$	$-13,150,824,440.73 Ranked 146th.	$269.90 billion Ranked 1st.
Unemployment gender ratio	180% Ranked 3rd. 71% more than United States	105% Ranked 17th.
Part time employment rate > Men > Aged above 14	5.3% Ranked 20th.	7.8% Ranked 12th. 47% more than Italy
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ per capita	99.22$ Ranked 32nd.	138.98$ Ranked 28th. 40% more than Italy
Employment > Employment rates by gender > Employment rates > Men	70.7% Ranked 24th.	77.78% Ranked 13th. 10% more than Italy
Rigidity of employment index > 0=less rigid to 100=more rigid	38 Ranked 55th.	0.0 Ranked 170th.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Agriculture > Men > Aged above 14	4.8% Ranked 51st. 2 times more than United States	2.2% Ranked 65th.
Employment > Percent of population are employees > Men	52.1% Ranked 57th.	91.2% Ranked 2nd. 75% more than Italy
Service workers > Male	55% Ranked 32nd.	64% Ranked 7th. 16% more than Italy
Female economic activity growth	6% Ranked 58th. The same as United States	6% Ranked 56th.
Employment rate > Young men	29 Ranked 149th.	51.7 Ranked 69th. 78% more than Italy
Employment rate > Young women	20.2 Ranked 137th.	49.7 Ranked 34th. 2 times more than Italy
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ > Per capita	99,220.15$ per 1,000 people Ranked 33th.	138,564.64$ per 1,000 people Ranked 29th. 40% more than Italy
Unemployment > Unemployment rates > Unemployment rates > Total	6.2% Ranked 12th. 35% more than United States	4.6% Ranked 18th.
Hours worked	1,591 hours Ranked 6th.	1,792 hours Ranked 3rd. 13% more than Italy
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 65 plus	3.76% Ranked 155th.	9.92% Ranked 124th. 3 times more than Italy
Background	With more than 24.4 million people counted amongst its <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/lab_for_tot-labor-force-total">labor force</a>, Italy has the 4th largest in the EU and 22nd in the world. Like many developed nations, it is the services sector that claims the largest <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/lab_lab_for_by_occ-labor-force-by-occupation">share of the labor force</a>, with 63% of workers employed in it. The industrial sector accounts for 32%, while agriculture accounts for just 5% of the total number. However, <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/lab_une-labor-unemployment">unemployment</a> is a problem, with Italy having the highest share of a national workforce unemployed amongst 18 developed nations between 2000 and 2002, with 10.3% unemployed. Perhaps more worryingly, they also had the 2nd highest rate of <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/lab_lon_ter_une-labor-long-term-unemployment">long-term unemployed</a>, of 6.5%, behind Slovakia's 10.2%.	American are amongst the hardest workers in the world, with 67.6% of the workforce working <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/lab_wor_tim_mor_tha_40_hou-time-more-than-40-hours">more than 40 hours per week</a> - only the Japanese providing a higher percentage (75.5%). US workers also registered the 3rd highest total <a href="http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/lab_hou_wor-labor-hours-worked">number of hours worked</a> in 2003, with an average of 1,792 hours, behind Australia (1.814) and Japan (1,801).
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Total	26.36% Ranked 5th. 4 times more than United States	7.22% Ranked 29th.
GDP per person employed > Constant 1990 PPP $	$45,932.00 Ranked 16th.	$65,480.00 Ranked 1st. 43% more than Italy
GNI > Constant LCU	1.38 trillion Ranked 46th.	14.47 trillion Ranked 14th. 10 times more than Italy
GNI > Constant LCU per capita	22,655.71 Ranked 68th.	46,084.41 Ranked 47th. 2 times more than Italy
GNI per capita > Constant 2000 US$	$28,174.54 Ranked 22nd.	$46,084.41 Ranked 6th. 64% more than Italy
Service workers > Female	74% Ranked 42nd.	86% Ranked 15th. 16% more than Italy
Long term unemployment	6.5% Ranked 2nd. 33 times more than United States	0.2% Ranked 27th.
Part time employment rate > Women > Aged above 14	29.2% Ranked 13th. 60% more than United States	18.3% Ranked 19th.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Agriculture > Women > Aged above 14	3.3% Ranked 40th. 4 times more than United States	0.8% Ranked 62nd.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged 15 to 24	21.4% Ranked 142nd.	54% Ranked 29th. 3 times more than Italy
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged above 14	34.5% Ranked 139th.	57% Ranked 37th. 65% more than Italy
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged above 14	57.5% Ranked 154th.	69.5% Ranked 99th. 21% more than Italy
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, male	27.1% Ranked 20th. 45% more than United States	18.7% Ranked 32nd.
Gender division of housework	1.74 Ranked 12th.	2.26 Ranked 1st. 30% more than Italy
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 45-49	72.9% Ranked 118th.	86.12% Ranked 58th. 18% more than Italy
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ > Per $ GDP	3.3$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 83th.	3.31$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 81st. About the same as Italy
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$	5.82 billion$ Ranked 8th.	41.07 billion$ Ranked 1st. 7 times more than Italy
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > National unemployment rate per million	0.114% Ranked 25th. 8 times more than United States	0.0151% Ranked 30th.
Foreign labor force	3.6% Ranked 14th.	12.4% Ranked 5th. 3 times more than Italy
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment > Long-term unemployment	49.91% Ranked 6th. 5 times more than United States	9.95% Ranked 24th.
Total work time > Males	367 minutes Ranked 23th.	428 minutes Ranked 12th. 17% more than Italy
Employment > Employment share by sector > Services > Men > Aged above 14	56% Ranked 30th.	67.6% Ranked 4th. 21% more than Italy
Employment > Employment share by sector > Industry > Women > Aged above 14	17.5% Ranked 21st. 82% more than United States	9.6% Ranked 59th.
Working time to buy > A car	989 hours Ranked 13th.	1,459 hours Ranked 8th. 48% more than Italy
Work time > Market-oriented	45% Ranked 28th.	50% Ranked 20th. 11% more than Italy
Total work time > Females	470 minutes Ranked 8th. 4% more than United States	453 minutes Ranked 10th.
Economic activity > Women aged 40-44	59.65% Ranked 107th.	82.15% Ranked 52nd. 38% more than Italy
Working time to buy > Chicken	33 minutes Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than United States	12 minutes Ranked 14th.
Working time to buy > Milk	9 minutes Ranked 1st. 3 times more than United States	3 minutes Ranked 11th.
Economic activity > Men aged 15-19	28.54% Ranked 129th.	40.19% Ranked 98th. 41% more than Italy
Economic activity > Men aged 35-39	97.65% Ranked 79th. 5% more than United States	93.35% Ranked 163th.
Economic activity > Men aged 20-24	73.56% Ranked 159th.	78.54% Ranked 139th. 7% more than Italy
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 15-19	25.91% Ranked 127th.	38.86% Ranked 81st. 50% more than Italy
Total work time > Females over males	128% Ranked 2nd. 21% more than United States	106% Ranked 19th.
Unemployment and education > Tertiary	5.9% Ranked 1st. 3 times more than United States	1.8% Ranked 15th.
Employment rate of highly educated women	78.7% Ranked 16th.	81.9% Ranked 12th. 4% more than Italy
Researchers in labor force	33 per 10000 people Ranked 18th.	81 per 10000 people Ranked 4th. 2 times more than Italy
Work time > Non-market-oriented	55% Ranked 2nd. 10% more than United States	50% Ranked 11th.
Labor force with tertiary education > % of total	15.7% Ranked 46th.	61.1% Ranked 2nd. 4 times more than Italy
Working time to buy > Beef	76 minutes Ranked 7th. 52% more than United States	50 minutes Ranked 11th.
Unemployment benefit as % of GDP	0.7% of GDP Ranked 14th. 3 times more than United States	0.2% of GDP Ranked 18th.
Net income from abroad > Constant LCU per million	-148,839,936.589 Ranked 38th.	753.24 million Ranked 12th.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged 15 to 24	31.2% Ranked 153th.	55.8% Ranked 60th. 79% more than Italy
Net income from abroad > Constant LCU	-9,067,027,982.669 Ranked 55th.	236.45 billion Ranked 6th.
Part time employment, male > % of total male employment	7.1% Ranked 29th. The same as United States	7.1% Ranked 31st.
Part time employment, total > % of total employment	17% Ranked 24th. 52% more than United States	11.2% Ranked 37th.
Working time to buy > A television set	44 hours Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than United States	15 hours Ranked 13th.
Economic activity > Men aged 65 plus	6.59% Ranked 151st.	13.49% Ranked 127th. 2 times more than Italy
Unemployment > Youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24	20.7% Ranked 11th. 67% more than United States	12.4% Ranked 38th.
Economic activity > Men aged 25-29	90.8% Ranked 160th.	90.93% Ranked 159th. About the same as Italy
Employment > Part-time employment > Incidence of part-time employment per million	0.203% Ranked 24th. 5 times more than United States	0.0412% Ranked 30th.
Employees > Industry > Female > % of female employment	16.1% Ranked 9th. 71% more than United States	9.4% Ranked 59th.
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Total per million	0.438% Ranked 22nd. 19 times more than United States	0.0235% Ranked 30th.
Economic activity > Women aged 20-24	65.45% Ranked 80th.	72.42% Ranked 52nd. 11% more than Italy
Economic activity > Women aged 65 plus	1.81% Ranked 151st.	7.41% Ranked 95th. 4 times more than Italy
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 60-64	20.01% Ranked 151st.	41.42% Ranked 101st. 2 times more than Italy
Personal remittances, received > % of GDP	0.364% Ranked 105th. 9 times more than United States	0.0387% Ranked 136th.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Gini index of regional unemployment rates > Small regions	0.317 Year 2006 Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than United States	0.139 Year 2006 Ranked 21st.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ > Per capita	40.92$ per capita Ranked 90th. 4 times more than United States	9.87$ per capita Ranked 124th.
Net income from abroad > Current LCU per million	-167,909,566.04 Ranked 53th.	859.79 million Ranked 19th.
Long term unemployment > Share	63.4% Ranked 1st. 10 times more than United States	6.1% Ranked 26th.
Unemployment > Unemployment > Total > % of total labor force	6.7% Ranked 32nd. 16% more than United States	5.8% Ranked 43th.
Labor force > Female > % of total labor force	40.43% Ranked 120th.	46.09% Ranked 57th. 14% more than Italy
Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector > % of total nonagricultural employment	43% Ranked 55th.	47.4% Ranked 31st. 10% more than Italy
Unemployment > Unemployed youths per unemployed adult > Women > Aged 15 to 24	3.3 ratio Ranked 13th. 38% more than United States	2.4 ratio Ranked 42nd.
Unemployment > Unemployed youths per unemployed adult > Men > Aged 15 to 24	4.5 Ranked 6th. 36% more than United States	3.3 Ranked 25th.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Services > Women > Aged above 14	79.2% Ranked 36th.	89.6% Ranked 5th. 13% more than Italy
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, female	32% Ranked 15th. 2 times more than United States	15.7% Ranked 47th.
Employment > Underemployment > Working less than 20 hours per week > Women > Aged above 14	8.6% Ranked 16th. 19% more than United States	7.2% Ranked 19th.
Employment > Underemployment > Working less than 20 hours per week > Men > Aged above 14	1.9% Ranked 22nd.	3.2% Ranked 13th. 68% more than Italy
Part time > Part time employment rate > Women	29.2% Ranked 13th. 60% more than United States	18.3% Ranked 19th.
Part time > Part time employment rate > Men	5.3% Ranked 20th.	7.8% Ranked 12th. 47% more than Italy
GNI > Current US$, % of GDP	99.42% Ranked 55th.	105.29% Ranked 12th. 6% more than Italy
Expense > % of GDP	41.5% Ranked 14th. 65% more than United States	25.21% Ranked 60th.
Economic activity > Men aged 40-44	97.2% Ranked 70th. 5% more than United States	92.17% Ranked 163th.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ > Per $ GDP	1.36$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 137th. 6 times more than United States	0.235$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 150th.
Unemployment > Unemployment rates > Unemployment rates > Total per million	0.103% Ranked 24th. 7 times more than United States	0.015% Ranked 30th.
Economic activity > Men aged 45-49	95.16% Ranked 109th. 3% more than United States	92.2% Ranked 156th.
Economic activity > Men aged 55-59	64.53% Ranked 155th.	76.57% Ranked 137th. 19% more than Italy
Economic activity > Men aged 60-64	31.9% Ranked 148th.	50.34% Ranked 121st. 58% more than Italy
Economic activity > Women aged 25-29	71.99% Ranked 75th.	79.87% Ranked 49th. 11% more than Italy
Employees, agriculture, female > % of female employment	2.6% Ranked 39th. 3 times more than United States	0.8% Ranked 75th.
Employment > Working more than 40 hours per week > Men > Aged above 14	76.7% Ranked 16th.	85.8% Ranked 9th. 12% more than Italy
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ per capita	40.92$ Ranked 88th. 4 times more than United States	9.89$ Ranked 123th.
Employment rate > Source / date of > Information	2003 OECD .	2003 OECD .
Economic activity > Women aged 45-49	50.91% Ranked 113th.	80.06% Ranked 48th. 57% more than Italy
Force with tertiary education > % of total	11.9% Ranked 35th.	43.3% Ranked 1st. 4 times more than Italy
Employees, agriculture, male > % of male employment	4.5% Ranked 44th. 96% more than United States	2.3% Ranked 74th.
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total > %	18.4% Ranked 160th.	42.2% Ranked 72nd. 2 times more than Italy
Employment to population ratio, 15+, total > %	43.8% Ranked 153th.	57.8% Ranked 95th. 32% more than Italy
Wage and salaried workers, female > % of females employed	81.7% Ranked 36th.	94.5% Ranked 8th. 16% more than Italy
Wage and salary workers, male > % of males employed	70.5% Ranked 44th.	99.1% Ranked 2nd. 41% more than Italy
Contributing family workers, female > % of females employed	2% Ranked 31st. 20 times more than United States	0.1% Ranked 73th.
Contributing family workers, male > % of males employed	1.1% Ranked 31st. 11 times more than United States	0.1% Ranked 73th.
Contributing family workers, total > % of total employed	1.4% Ranked 34th. 14 times more than United States	0.1% Ranked 78th.
Employees, services, female > % of female employment	83.5% Ranked 25th.	91.9% Ranked 4th. 10% more than Italy
Employees, services, male > % of male employment	57.9% Ranked 27th.	71.7% Ranked 6th. 24% more than Italy
Part time employment, female > % of total part time employment	75.6% Ranked 9th. 14% more than United States	66.4% Ranked 24th.
Unemployment, male > % of male labor force	9.9% Ranked 28th. 21% more than United States	8.2% Ranked 38th.
Unemployment, total > % of total labor force	10.7% Ranked 27th. 32% more than United States	8.1% Ranked 37th.
Labor force with secondary education > Male > % of male labor force	41.9% Ranked 32nd. 38% more than United States	30.3% Ranked 40th.
Labor force with primary education > Female > % of female labor force	31.5% Ranked 17th. 4 times more than United States	7.3% Ranked 51st.
Labor force with primary education > % of total	39% Ranked 17th. 4 times more than United States	9.5% Ranked 51st.
Labor force with secondary education > % of total	44.3% Ranked 28th. 51% more than United States	29.4% Ranked 44th.
Labor force with primary education > Male > % of male labor force	44% Ranked 16th. 4 times more than United States	11.3% Ranked 48th.
Labor force with secondary education > Female > % of female labor force	47.8% Ranked 24th. 68% more than United States	28.4% Ranked 43th.
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment	11.3% Ranked 50th.	45.7% Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Italy
Unemployment > Unemployment with primary education > Male > % of male unemployment	52.6% Ranked 17th. 3 times more than United States	20.6% Ranked 55th.
Unemployment > Total > % of total labor force	8% Ranked 40th. 45% more than United States	5.5% Ranked 55th.
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment rate > Female	49.9 Ranked 8th. 5 times more than United States	10.3 Ranked 29th.
Unemployment > Unemployment with primary education > Female > % of female unemployment	40.8% Ranked 19th. 2 times more than United States	16.5% Ranked 54th.
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > Female > % of female unemployment	14.2% Ranked 45th.	50.2% Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Italy
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24	24.7% Ranked 4th. 3 times more than United States	9.4% Ranked 57th.
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24	21.3% Ranked 4th. 2 times more than United States	10.5% Ranked 51st.
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24	18.9% Ranked 4th. 63% more than United States	11.6% Ranked 47th.
Steel industry jobs	39 thousand jobs Ranked 9th.	151 thousand jobs Ranked 3rd. 4 times more than Italy
Working time to buy > Bread	12 minutes Ranked 4th.	14 minutes Ranked 2nd. 17% more than Italy
Net income from abroad > Current US$, % of GDP	-0.653% Ranked 50th.	1.72% Ranked 20th.
GNI growth > Annual %	-2.587% Ranked 106th.	2.42% Ranked 67th.
GNI per capita > Current LCU	25,555.37 Ranked 118th.	52,608.35 Ranked 90th. 2 times more than Italy
Unemployment, youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24	37.5% Ranked 14th. 3 times more than United States	14.7% Ranked 49th.
Long-term unemployment, male > % of male unemployment	5% Ranked 17th. 2 times more than United States	2.4% Ranked 29th.
Unemployment, female > % of female labor force	11.9% Ranked 24th. 51% more than United States	7.9% Ranked 44th.
Working time to buy > A refrigerator	33 hours Ranked 9th. 14% more than United States	29 hours Ranked 10th.
Unemployment > Male > % of male labor force	6.4% Ranked 46th. 14% more than United States	5.6% Ranked 53th.
Force with secondary education > % of total	40.2% Ranked 26th. 2% more than United States	39.5% Ranked 7th.
Long-term unemployment > Male > % of male unemployment	57.5% Ranked 2nd. 5 times more than United States	12.5% Ranked 25th.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 35-39	82.4% Ranked 96th.	87.29% Ranked 68th. 6% more than Italy
Economic activity > Women aged 60-64	9.28% Ranked 149th.	33.2% Ranked 67th. 4 times more than Italy
Economic activity > Women aged 35-39	66.87% Ranked 95th.	81.1% Ranked 54th. 21% more than Italy
Compensation of employees > % of expense	16.41% Ranked 46th. 27% more than United States	12.96% Ranked 55th.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Range in regional unemployment rate > Small regions > Maximum	18.56% Ranked 6th. 99% more than United States	9.35% Ranked 17th.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Range in regional unemployment rate > Small regions > Minimum	2.25% Ranked 23th.	2.47% Ranked 21st. 10% more than Italy
Unemployment > Youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24	23.4% Ranked 11th. 2 times more than United States	11.3% Ranked 41st.
Force > Female > % of total labor force	40.05% Ranked 113th.	46.23% Ranked 44th. 15% more than Italy
Working time to buy > Fish	66 minutes Ranked 5th. 14% more than United States	58 minutes Ranked 8th.
Employment > Employment rates by gender > Employment rates > Men per million	1.17% Ranked 24th. 5 times more than United States	0.254% Ranked 30th.
Unemployment with tertiary education > Female > % of female unemployment	8.8% Ranked 56th.	48.5% Ranked 3rd. 6 times more than Italy
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > Male > % of male unemployment	8.3% Ranked 51st.	42% Ranked 3rd. 5 times more than Italy
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Women per million	0.332% Ranked 21st. 17 times more than United States	0.019% Ranked 29th.
Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment	7.5% Ranked 62nd.	47.3% Ranked 3rd. 6 times more than Italy
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 20-24	69.6% Ranked 111th.	75.54% Ranked 63th. 9% more than Italy
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 25-29	81.59% Ranked 87th.	85.46% Ranked 56th. 5% more than Italy
Unemployment with tertiary education > Male > % of male unemployment	6% Ranked 58th.	46.3% Ranked 2nd. 8 times more than Italy
Economic activity > Women aged 30-34	70.4% Ranked 82nd.	79.8% Ranked 57th. 13% more than Italy
Net income from abroad > Current US$ per million	$-215,877,559.84 Ranked 117th.	$859.79 million Ranked 9th.
Employment in industry > % of total employment	29.7% Ranked 8th. 44% more than United States	20.6% Ranked 55th.
Net income from abroad > Current LCU	-10,228,711,250 Ranked 91st.	269.9 billion Ranked 6th.
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment > Long-term unemployment per million	0.829% Ranked 19th. 26 times more than United States	0.0324% Ranked 28th.
Unemployment > Unemployment with secondary education > Female > % of female unemployment	43.6% Ranked 34th. 31% more than United States	33.3% Ranked 50th.
Employment rate of lesser educated women	35.8% Ranked 17th.	49.7% Ranked 14th. 39% more than Italy
Unemployment > Female > % of female labor force	10.5% Ranked 29th. 94% more than United States	5.4% Ranked 58th.
Long-term unemployment > Female > % of female unemployment	58.9% Ranked 3rd. 5 times more than United States	11% Ranked 25th.
Unemployment and education > Upper secondary	7.4% Ranked 4th. 2 times more than United States	3.6% Ranked 12th.
Long-term unemployment > % of total unemployment	58.2% Ranked 2nd. 5 times more than United States	11.8% Ranked 25th.
Unemployment with secondary education > Female > % of female unemployment	45.6% Ranked 34th. 34% more than United States	34.1% Ranked 42nd.
Force participation rate > Female > % of female population ages 15-64	50.12% Ranked 131st.	70.07% Ranked 34th. 40% more than Italy
Unemployment > Youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24	27.4% Ranked 13th. 3 times more than United States	10.1% Ranked 42nd.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 40-44	78.46% Ranked 109th.	87.2% Ranked 67th. 11% more than Italy
Economic activity > Women aged 50-54	38.53% Ranked 123th.	72.09% Ranked 50th. 87% more than Italy
Economic activity > Women aged 55-59	21.07% Ranked 144th.	58.96% Ranked 44th. 3 times more than Italy
Unemployment with secondary education > Male > % of male unemployment	36.7% Ranked 39th. 6% more than United States	34.5% Ranked 41st.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$	2.4 billion$ Ranked 31st.	2.92 billion$ Ranked 26th. 22% more than Italy
Steel industry jobs per million	0.685 thousand jobs Ranked 12th. 28% more than United States	0.535 thousand jobs Ranked 16th.
Economic activity > Men aged 30-34	96.53% Ranked 124th. 4% more than United States	93.16% Ranked 164th.
Economic activity > Women aged 15-19	23.14% Ranked 117th.	37.46% Ranked 59th. 62% more than Italy
Employment > Part-time employment > Incidence of part-time employment	12.23% Ranked 20th.	12.64% Ranked 18th. 3% more than Italy
Employment > Working more than 40 hours per week > Women > Aged above 14	42.2% Ranked 17th.	66.5% Ranked 8th. 58% more than Italy
GNI > Current LCU per capita	25,555.37 Ranked 118th.	52,608.35 Ranked 90th. 2 times more than Italy
Subsidies and other transfers > % of expense	66.75% Ranked 20th. 2% more than United States	65.63% Ranked 21st.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 50-54	61.07% Ranked 144th.	80.24% Ranked 63th. 31% more than Italy
Economic activity > Men aged 50-54	84.16% Ranked 153th.	88.58% Ranked 137th. 5% more than Italy
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male > %	21.8% Ranked 160th.	42.6% Ranked 98th. 95% more than Italy
Employment to population ratio, 15+, female > %	34.7% Ranked 139th.	52.3% Ranked 64th. 51% more than Italy
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 55-59	42.21% Ranked 157th.	67.56% Ranked 65th. 60% more than Italy
Force participation rate > Total > % of total population ages 15-64	62.24% Ranked 146th.	75.75% Ranked 40th. 22% more than Italy
Self-employed, female > % of females employed	18.3% Ranked 30th. 3 times more than United States	5.5% Ranked 77th.
Self-employed, male > % of males employed	29.5% Ranked 22nd. 4 times more than United States	8% Ranked 81st.
Self-employed, total > % of total employed	24.8% Ranked 28th. 4 times more than United States	6.8% Ranked 85th.
Employment to population ratio, 15+, male > %	53.6% Ranked 160th.	63.6% Ranked 122nd. 19% more than Italy
Force participation rate > Male > % of male population ages 15-64	74.33% Ranked 158th.	81.46% Ranked 101st. 10% more than Italy
Wage and salaried workers, total > % of total employed	75.2% Ranked 40th.	93.2% Ranked 3rd. 24% more than Italy
Employees, industry, female > % of female employment	13.9% Ranked 28th. 93% more than United States	7.2% Ranked 71st.
Employees, industry, male > % of male employment	37.6% Ranked 11th. 50% more than United States	25.1% Ranked 52nd.
Unemployment, youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24	33.7% Ranked 12th. 91% more than United States	17.6% Ranked 38th.
Unemployment, youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24	35.3% Ranked 11th. 2 times more than United States	16.2% Ranked 49th.
Long-term unemployment, female > % of female unemployment	6.4% Ranked 12th. 3 times more than United States	2.3% Ranked 31st.
Force with primary education > % of total	46.7% Ranked 6th. 3 times more than United States	17.1% Ranked 18th.
Force > Total per 1000	417.01 Ranked 119th.	526.07 Ranked 21st. 26% more than Italy
Employees > Services > Female > % of female employment	80.9% Ranked 17th.	89.9% Ranked 5th. 11% more than Italy
Employees > Agriculture > Male > % of male employment	4.5% Ranked 18th. 2 times more than United States	2% Ranked 66th.
Employees > Agriculture > Female > % of female employment	2.9% Ranked 11th. 4 times more than United States	0.7% Ranked 62nd.
Employment in agriculture > % of total employment	3.8% Ranked 17th. 3 times more than United States	1.4% Ranked 68th.
Employment in services > % of total employment	66.3% Ranked 17th.	78% Ranked 5th. 18% more than Italy
Labor participation rate > Total > % of total population ages 15+	49.1% Ranked 168th.	65.4% Ranked 76th. 33% more than Italy

SOURCES: ILO (International Labour Organization). 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; International Labour Organisation, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators.; OECD Health Data 2002 (CD ROM) available year for Australia, Japan = 1998; Denmark = 1995; 1980 figures for Canada and France are interpolated; World Bank national accounts data; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: List of minimum wages by country (Countries) ("Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013" . State.gov . Retrieved 2014-03-04 .); CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; Wikipedia: List of minimum wages by country (Countries); OECD; Figures are from the OECD. The figures are from EIRO for France, Ireland and Italy; Wikipedia: Retirement age (Retirement age); International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Labour Organisation, using World Bank population estimates.; United Nations Statistics Division Original html; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Development Indicators database; calculated on the basis of occupational data from ILO (International Labour Organization). 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009; OECD Historical Statistics; calculated on the basis of data on the economically active population and total population from ILO (International Labour Organization). 2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; United Nations Statistics Division Original html; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Economic activity rate and economically active population, by sex, thirteen age groups, 1950-2010 (ILO estimates and projections) are data from the International Labour Union (ILO). Source details: ILO, Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, fourth edition, diskette database (Geneva, 1997). The latest set of estimates and projections covering the period 1950-2010 (4th edition) was released by ILO in December 1996. These data are updated every five-ten years by ILO and a new set of these data is in preparation; OECD; ILO, Key Indicators; calculated on the basis of data on male and female unemployment rates from OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2001. Employment Outlook 2001. Paris; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a109, Part-time employment rate; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/).; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2001. Employment Outlook. Paris; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Jeanne A. Batalova and Philip N. Cohen, 'Premarital Cohabitation and Housework: Couples in Cross-National Perspective', Journal of Marriage and Family 64, August 2002, p.748; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Harvey, Andrew S. 1995 ?Market and Non-Market Productive Activity in Less Developed and Developing Countries: Lessons from Time Use.? Background Paper for Human Development Report 1995. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report, Goldshmidt-Clermont, Luisella, and Elisabetta Pagnossin Aligisakis. 1995. ?Measures of Unrecorded Economic Activities in Fourteen Countries.? Background paper for Human Development Report; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; International Metalworkers' Federation, The Purchasing Power of Working Time 2002: An International Comparison of Average Net Hourly Earnings 2001 (International Metalworkers' Federation, Geneva, 2002); OECD, Employment Outlook 2002; OECD Employment Outlook 2002, p.74; OECD; Annex to GECD Society at a Glance 2002; World Bank staff estimates; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a118, Percent working less than 20 hrs/week; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a118, Percent working less than 20 hrs/week; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank national accounts data. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates. World Bank World Development Indicators.; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?q=40+hrs%2fweek&d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a119, Percent working more than 40 hrs/week.; Wikipedia: List of countries by employment rate; International Iron and Steel Institute 2006 report; International Iron and Steel Institute 2006 report. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.

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