Labor Stats: compare key data on Germany & United Kingdom

Definitions

Agricultural workers > Male: Proportion of employed males engaged in the agricultural sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Employment rate > Adults: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Expense > Current LCU: Expense (current LCU). Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends.
GNI > Current US$: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Hours worked > Standard workweek: Standard workweek (hours).
Labor force: The total labor force figure
Labor force > By occupation: Component parts of the labor force by occupation.
Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Labor force > By occupation > Industry: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Labor force > By occupation > Services: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Labor force, total: Labor force, total. Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.
Rigidity of employment index: The rigidity of employment index measures the regulation of employment, specifically the hiring and firing of workers and the rigidity of working hours. This index is the average of three subindexes: a difficulty of hiring index, a rigidity of hours index, and a difficulty of firing index. The index ranges from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating more rigid regulations.
Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage: Minimum wage.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Trade union membership: Union members as % of all employees. Figures are for 2000.
Unemployment rate: The percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
Strikes: Strikes five-year average in days not worked per 1000 employees (1996-2000)
Female doctors: Female doctors as % of the total - 2000.
Labor force per 1000: The total labor force figure. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
GNI > Current US$ per capita: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Male retirement age: Men.
Denmark had range specified: 65-67

Finland had range specified: 62-68

Netherlands had range specified: 65-67

Sweden had range specified: 61-67

United States had range specified: 62-67
Female retirement age: Women.
China had range specified: 50-55

Czech Republic had range specified: 59-63

Denmark had range specified: 65-67

Finland had range specified: 62-68

Greece had range specified: 60-67

Netherlands had range specified: 65-67

Sweden had range specified: 61-67

United States had range specified: 62-67
Labor force, total per 1000: Labor force, total. Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Working mothers: Working proportion of mothers with children under 6 years old 2001
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Both sexes: Percentage of unemployed people out of total population able to work. Workers not able to work due to labor disputes, sickness and childcare do not count towards the percentage.
Firing cost > Weeks of wages: Firing cost is the cost of advance notice requirements, severance payments, and penalties due when terminating a redundant worker, expressed in weekly wages. One month is recorded as 4 1/3 weeks.
GNI per capita > Constant LCU: GNI per capita (constant LCU). GNI per capita is gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant local currency.
Expense > Current LCU per capita: Expense (current LCU). Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Employment rate > Women: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Labor force > Total: Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organisation definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector."
Industrial workers > Male: Proportion of employed males engaged in the industrial sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Employment rate > Men: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men: Employment-to-population ratio, men, percentage.
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Men: Percentage of unemployed men out of total male population able to work. Men not able to work due to labor disputes, sickness and childcare do not count towards the percentage.
Compensation of employees > Current LCU: Compensation of employees consists of all payments in cash, as well as in kind (such as food and housing), to employees in return for services rendered, and government contributions to social insurance schemes such as social security and pensions that provide benefits to employees.
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment rate: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed."
Force > Total > Per capita: Total labor force comprises people who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Force > Total: Total labor force comprises people who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.
Female decision makers: Female legislators, senior officials and managers (as % of total). Data refer to the latest year available during the period 1991-2000. Those for countries that have implemented the recent International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88) are not strictly comparable with those for countries using the previous classification (ISCO-68).
Agricultural workers > Female: Proportion of employed females engaged in the agricultural sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Industry > Men > Aged above 14: Percent employed in industry.
Employment > Percent of population are employees > Women: Number of female self-reported employees (formal or informal), expressed as a percentage of the total female employed population.
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, both sexes: Percentage of population aged 15-24 that is unemployed.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > National unemployment rate: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.
The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group.
GNI > Current LCU: GNI (current LCU). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current local currency.
Unemployment: Unemployed as proportion of the total labour force. Data for 2000-2002.
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Women: Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week.
Self-employed persons include employers, own-account workers, members of producers’ co-operatives, and unpaid family workers. The last of these are unpaid in the sense that they do not have a formal contract to receive a fixed amount of income at regular intervals, but they share in the income generated by the enterprise; unpaid family workers are particularly important in farming and retail trade. Note that all persons who work in corporate enterprises, including company directors, are considered to be employees.
The rates shown here are the percentages of the self-employed in total civilian employment i.e., total employment less military employees.
Female economic activity: Female economic activity rate (aged 15 and above) in 2000.
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Women: Percentage of unemployed women out of total female population able to work. Women not able to work due to labor disputes, sickness and childcare do not count towards the percentage.
Self employed > One-person and family businesses > Women: Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment, women, percentage.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women: Employment-to-population ratio, women, percentage.
Labor force > Per capita: The total labor force figure Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Industrial workers > Female: Proportion of employed females engaged in the industrial sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Work Time > More than 40 hours: Percentage of persons in employment working more than 40 hours/week. Data is for 2000.
Employment rate > Young adults: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
Female professionals: Female professional and technical workers (as % of total)
Net income from abroad > Current US$: Net income from abroad (current US$). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Unemployment gender ratio: Female unemployment rate as a % of the male unemployment rate.
Part time employment rate > Men > Aged above 14: Percent of males over the age of 14 years who work less than 30 hours a week (either as employees or self-employed) as a percentage of all males in employment.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ per capita: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Employment > Employment rates by gender > Employment rates > Men: Employment rates are calculated as the ratio of the employed to the working age population. To calculate this employment rate, the population of working age is divided into two groups: those who are employed and those who are not. Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week. Those not in employment consist of persons who are out of work but seeking employment, students and all others who have excluded themselves from the labour force for one reason or another, such as incapacity or the need to look after young children or elderly relatives.
Working age is generally defined as persons in the 15 to 64 age bracket although in some countries working age is defined as 16 to 64.
Rigidity of employment index > 0=less rigid to 100=more rigid: The rigidity of employment index measures the regulation of employment, specifically the hiring and firing of workers and the rigidity of working hours. This index is the average of three subindexes: a difficulty of hiring index, a rigidity of hours index, and a difficulty of firing index. The index ranges from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating more rigid regulations."
Employment > Employment share by sector > Agriculture > Men > Aged above 14: Percent employed in agriculture.
Employment > Percent of population are employees > Men: Number of male self-reported employees (formal or informal), expressed as a percentage of the total male employed population.
Service workers > Male: Proportion of employed males engaged in the service sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Female economic activity growth: The % change in the female economic activity rate (aged 15 and above) from 1990 to 2000.
Self employed > One-person and family businesses > Men: Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment, men, percentage.
Employment rate > Young women: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
Employment rate > Young men: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ > Per capita: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Unemployment > Unemployment rates > Unemployment rates > Total: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of the unemployed plus those in employment, which are defined as persons who have worked for one hour or more in the last week.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Total: Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week.
Self-employed persons include employers, own-account workers, members of producers’ co-operatives, and unpaid family workers. The last of these are unpaid in the sense that they do not have a formal contract to receive a fixed amount of income at regular intervals, but they share in the income generated by the enterprise; unpaid family workers are particularly important in farming and retail trade. Note that all persons who work in corporate enterprises, including company directors, are considered to be employees.
The rates shown here are the percentages of the self-employed in total civilian employment i.e., total employment less military employees.
GDP per person employed > Constant 1990 PPP $: GDP per person employed is gross domestic product (GDP) divided by total employment in the economy. Purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP is GDP converted to 1990 constant international dollars using PPP rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP that a U.S. dollar has in the United States.
GNI per capita > Constant 2000 US$: GNI per capita (constant 2000 US$). GNI per capita is gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
GNI > Constant LCU: GNI (constant LCU). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant local currency.
GNI > Constant LCU per capita: GNI (constant LCU). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant local currency. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Service workers > Female: Proportion of employed females engaged in the service sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Long term unemployment: Long term unemployment as a % of labour force, 2000. Long term implies 12 months or longer.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Agriculture > Women > Aged above 14: Percent employed in agriculture.
Part time employment rate > Women > Aged above 14: Percent of females over the age of 14 years who work less than 30 hours a week (either as employees or self-employed) as a percentage of all females in employment.
Employment > Percent of population are employers > Women: Number of female self-reported employers (self-employed with paid employees), expressed as a percentage of the total female employed population.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged above 14: Employment-to-population ratio.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged 15 to 24: Employment-to-population ratio.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged above 14: Employment-to-population ratio.
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, male: Percentage of male population aged 15-24 that is unemployed.
Gender division of housework: Gender Division of Labour Index, 1994 Range = 1.00 (female does all) through 2.50 (equality) to 5.00 (male does all).
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ > Per $ GDP: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1,000 $ gross domestic product.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration.
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment > Long-term unemployment: Long-term unemployment is conventionally defined either as those unemployed for 6 months or more or, as here, those unemployed for 12 months or more. The ratios calculated here show the proportion of these long-term unemployed among all unemployed.
Unemployment is defined in most OECD countries in accordance with the ILO Guidelines. Unemployment is usually measured by household labour force surveys and the unemployed are defined as those persons who report that they have worked in gainful employment for less than one hour in the previous week, who are available for work and who have taken actions to seek employment in the previous four weeks. The ILO Guidelines specify the kinds of actions that count as seeking work.
Foreign labor force: Foreign labour force 2000
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > National unemployment rate per million: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.
The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Total work time > Males: Total work time (minutes per day)
Employment > Employment share by sector > Services > Men > Aged above 14: Percent employed in services.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Industry > Women > Aged above 14: Percent employed in industry.
Employment > Percent of population are employers > Men: Number of male self-reported employers (self-employed with paid employees), expressed as a percentage of the total male employed population.
Working time to buy > A car: Hours worked by average worker to buy a car. Indicative of the purchasing power of the currency of the country.
Technicians in RandD > Per million people: Technicians in R&D and equivalent staff are people whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in engineering, physical and life sciences (technicians), or social sciences and humanities (equivalent staff). They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods, normally under the supervision of researchers.
Work time > Market-oriented: Classification of market and non-market activities are not strictly based on the 1993 revised UN System of National Accounts, so comparisons between countries and areas must be made with caution.
Total work time > Females: Total work time (minutes per day)
Working time to buy > Milk: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy 1 litre of milk.
Working time to buy > Chicken: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy one kilo of chicken. The comparison of income levels only becomes meaningful if the cost of buying the necessities and luxuries of life is also considered.
Minimum Age Convention > 1973 > Ratifications > Minimum age: years
Total work time > Females over males: Female total work time as a % of male total work time
Unemployment and education > Tertiary: Unemployment rates among people of all ages who are educated to tertiary levels. Data is for 2000.
Employment rate of highly educated women: Employment rate of women aged 25-54, 2000, who are educated upto or more than tertiary level.
Researchers in labor force: Number of researchers per 10000 in the labour force (1999).
Work time > Non-market-oriented: Classification of market and non-market activities are not strictly based on the 1993 revised UN System of National Accounts, so comparisons between countries and areas must be made with caution.
Contributing family workers, total > % of total employed: Contributing family workers, total (% of total employed). Contributing family workers are those workers who hold "self-employment jobs" as own-account workers in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.
Employees, services, female > % of female employment: Employees, services, female (% of female employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services.
Employees, services, male > % of male employment: Employees, services, male (% of male employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services.
Part time employment, female > % of total part time employment: Part time employment, female (% of total part time employment). Part time employment refers to regular employment in which working time is substantially less than normal. Definitions of part time employment differ by country.
Unemployment, male > % of male labor force: Unemployment, male (% of male labor force). Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Unemployment, total > % of total labor force: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force). Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Contributing family workers, female > % of females employed: Contributing family workers, female (% of females employed). Contributing family workers are those workers who hold u2018self-employment jobsu2019 as own-account workers in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.
Force with primary education > % of total: Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Wage and salary workers, male > % of males employed: Wage and salary workers, male (% of males employed). Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.
Labor force with secondary education > Male > % of male labor force: Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Labor force with primary education > Female > % of female labor force: Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Wage and salaried workers, female > % of females employed: Wage and salaried workers, female (% of females employed). Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.
Employees > Agriculture > Male > % of male employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing."
Employees > Agriculture > Female > % of female employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing."
Employment in agriculture > % of total employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing."
Employment in services > % of total employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services."
Vulnerable employment, male > % of male employment: Vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment). Vulnerable employment is unpaid family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.
Vulnerable employment, female > % of female employment: Vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment). Vulnerable employment is unpaid family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.
Labor participation rate > Total > % of total population ages 15+: Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
Employment to population ratio, 15+, total > %: Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Unemployment > Unemployment with primary education > Male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Unemployment > Unemployment with secondary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment rate > Female: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed."
Unemployment > Unemployment with primary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total > %: Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
Employees, agriculture, male > % of male employment: Employees, agriculture, male (% of male employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing.
Unemployment benefit as % of GDP: Expenditure on unemployment benefits as % of GDP (Year 1998).
Temporary employment share: Temporary employment, expressed as a percentage share of total dependent employment. Data for 2000
Force with tertiary education > % of total: Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ per capita: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
One-person and family businesses > Men > Percentage: Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment, men, percentage.
Net income from abroad > Current US$, % of GDP: Net income from abroad (current US$). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Employees, agriculture, female > % of female employment: Employees, agriculture, female (% of female employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing.
Net income from abroad > Constant LCU: Net income from abroad (constant LCU). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in constant local currency.
Unemployment, youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24: Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15-24). Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Long-term unemployment, male > % of male unemployment: Long-term unemployment, male (% of male unemployment). Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
Working time to buy > A television set: Hours worked by average worker to buy a television set. Indicative of the purchasing power of the currency of the country.
Long-term unemployment > Male > % of male unemployment: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
Expense > % of GDP: Expense (% of GDP). Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends.
GNI > Current LCU per capita: GNI (current LCU). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current local currency. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Employment > Underemployment > Working less than 20 hours per week > Men > Aged above 14: Percentage of males above the age of 14 in employment, who work less than 20 hours/week.
Unemployment > Youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Force > Female > % of total labor force: Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises all people who meet the International Labour Organization's definition of the economically active population.
Employment > Underemployment > Working less than 20 hours per week > Women > Aged above 14: Percentage of females above the age of 14 in employment, who work less than 20 hours/week.
Working time to buy > Fish: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy one kilo of fish. The comparison of income levels only becomes meaningful if the cost of buying the necessities and luxuries of life is also considered.
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, female: Percentage of female population aged 15-24 that is unemployed.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Services > Women > Aged above 14: Percent employed in services.
Unemployment with tertiary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Unemployment > Unemployed youths per unemployed adult > Men > Aged 15 to 24: Ratio of youth unemployment rate to adult unemployment rate.
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > Male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Unemployment > Unemployed youths per unemployed adult > Women > Aged 15 to 24: Ratio of youth unemployment rate to adult unemployment rate.
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Women per million: Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week.
Self-employed persons include employers, own-account workers, members of producers’ co-operatives, and unpaid family workers. The last of these are unpaid in the sense that they do not have a formal contract to receive a fixed amount of income at regular intervals, but they share in the income generated by the enterprise; unpaid family workers are particularly important in farming and retail trade. Note that all persons who work in corporate enterprises, including company directors, are considered to be employees.
The rates shown here are the percentages of the self-employed in total civilian employment i.e., total employment less military employees. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Employers, male > % of employment: Employers, male (% of employment). Employers refers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced), and, in this capacity, have engaged, on a continuous basis, one or more persons to work for them as employee(s).
Personal remittances, received > % of GDP: Personal remittances, received (% of GDP). Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: personal transfers and compensation of employees.
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment > Long-term unemployment per million: Long-term unemployment is conventionally defined either as those unemployed for 6 months or more or, as here, those unemployed for 12 months or more. The ratios calculated here show the proportion of these long-term unemployed among all unemployed.
Unemployment is defined in most OECD countries in accordance with the ILO Guidelines. Unemployment is usually measured by household labour force surveys and the unemployed are defined as those persons who report that they have worked in gainful employment for less than one hour in the previous week, who are available for work and who have taken actions to seek employment in the previous four weeks. The ILO Guidelines specify the kinds of actions that count as seeking work. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Contributing family workers, male > % of males employed: Contributing family workers, male (% of males employed). Contributing family workers are those workers who hold "self-employment jobs" as own-account workers in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.
Subsidies and other transfers > % of expense: Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense). Subsidies, grants, and other social benefits include all unrequited, nonrepayable transfers on current account to private and public enterprises; grants to foreign governments, international organizations, and other government units; and social security, social assistance benefits, and employer social benefits in cash and in kind.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ > Per $ GDP: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1,000 $ gross domestic product.
Unemployment > Unemployment rates > Unemployment rates > Total per million: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of the unemployed plus those in employment, which are defined as persons who have worked for one hour or more in the last week.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
GNI > Current US$, % of GDP: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Part time > Part time employment rate > Men: Percentage of country's males over the age of 15 that are employed only part-time.
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male > %: Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
Employment to population ratio, 15+, female > %: Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Part time > Part time employment rate > Women: Percentage of country's females over the age of 15 that are employed only part-time.
Employment > Working more than 40 hours per week > Women > Aged above 14: Percentage of females above the age of 14 in employment, who work more than 40 hours per week.
One-person and family businesses > Men: Percentage of employed men who are self-employed without employees or contribute to a family-run business.
Employment > Working more than 40 hours per week > Men > Aged above 14: Percentage of males above the age of 14 in employment, who work more than 40 hours per week.
Employment > Part-time employment > Incidence of part-time employment: Part-time employment refers to persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week in their main job. Both employees and the self-employed may be part-time workers.
Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week. The rates shown here refer to the numbers of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week as a percentage of the total number of those in employment.
Force participation rate > Total > % of total population ages 15-64: Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15-64 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
Employers, female > % of employment: Employers, female (% of employment). Employers refers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced), and, in this capacity, have engaged, on a continuous basis, one or more persons to work for them as employee(s).
Employers, total > % of employment: Employers, total (% of employment). Employers refers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced), and, in this capacity, have engaged, on a continuous basis, one or more persons to work for them as employee(s).
Self-employed, female > % of females employed: Self-employed, female (% of females employed). Self employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" (i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced). Self employed workers include three subcategories: employers, own-account workers, and members of producers' cooperatives.
Self-employed, male > % of males employed: Self-employed, male (% of males employed). Self employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" (i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced). Self employed workers include three subcategories: employers, own-account workers, and members of producers' cooperatives.
Self-employed, total > % of total employed: Self-employed, total (% of total employed). Self employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" (i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced). Self employed workers include three subcategories: employers, own-account workers, and members of producers' cooperatives.
Employment to population ratio, 15+, male > %: Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Vulnerable employment, total > % of total employment: Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment). Vulnerable employment is unpaid family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.
Force participation rate > Male > % of male population ages 15-64: Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15-64 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
Wage and salaried workers, total > % of total employed: Wage and salaried workers, total (% of total employed). Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.
Employees, industry, female > % of female employment: Employees, industry, female (% of female employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water).
Employees, industry, male > % of male employment: Employees, industry, male (% of male employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water).
Unemployment, youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24: Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15-24). Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Unemployment, youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24: Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24). Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Long-term unemployment, female > % of female unemployment: Long-term unemployment, female (% of female unemployment). Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector > % of total nonagricultural employment: Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector is the share of female workers in the nonagricultural sector (industry and services), expressed as a percentage of total employment in the nonagricultural sector. Industry includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, electricity, gas, and water, corresponding to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3). Services include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services-corresponding to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3)."
Force > Total per 1000: Total labor force comprises people who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Employees > Services > Female > % of female employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services."
Labor force > Female > % of total labor force: Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organisation's definition of the economically active population.
Unemployment > Unemployment > Total > % of total labor force: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration.
One-person and family businesses > Women: Percentage of employed women who are self-employed without employees or contribute to a family-run business.
Labor force with primary education > % of total: Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Long term unemployment > Share: Percentage share of unemployment that lasts longer than 12 months. Data for 2001.
Labor force with secondary education > % of total: Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Labor force with primary education > Male > % of male labor force: Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Labor force with secondary education > Female > % of female labor force: Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Labor force with tertiary education > % of total: Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Net income from abroad > Current LCU per million: Net income from abroad (current LCU). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current local currency. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ > Per capita: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Working time to buy > Beef: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy one kilo of beef. The comparison of income levels only becomes meaningful if the cost of buying the necessities and luxuries of life is also considered.
Working time to buy > Bread: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy bread.
Unemployment > Total > % of total labor force: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Net income from abroad > Constant LCU per million: Net income from abroad (constant LCU). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in constant local currency. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged 15 to 24: Employment-to-population ratio.
GNI growth > Annual %: GNI growth (annual %). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad.
GNI per capita > Current LCU: GNI per capita (current LCU). GNI per capita is gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current local currency.
Part time employment, male > % of total male employment: Part time employment, male (% of total male employment). Part time employment refers to regular employment in which working time is substantially less than normal. Definitions of part time employment differ by country.
Part time employment, total > % of total employment: Part time employment, total (% of total employment). Part time employment refers to regular employment in which working time is substantially less than normal. Definitions of part time employment differ by country.
Unemployment, female > % of female labor force: Unemployment, female (% of female labor force). Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Working time to buy > A refrigerator: Hours worked by average worker to buy a refrigerator. Indicative of the purchasing power of the currency of the country.
Unemployment > Male > % of male labor force: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Force with secondary education > % of total: Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Unemployment with secondary education > Male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Unemployment > Youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Compensation of employees > % of expense: Compensation of employees consists of all payments in cash, as well as in kind (such as food and housing), to employees in return for services rendered, and government contributions to social insurance schemes such as social security and pensions that provide benefits to employees.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Range in regional unemployment rate > Small regions > Maximum: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.
The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Range in regional unemployment rate > Small regions > Minimum: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.
The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group.
Employment > Employment rates by gender > Employment rates > Men per million: Employment rates are calculated as the ratio of the employed to the working age population. To calculate this employment rate, the population of working age is divided into two groups: those who are employed and those who are not. Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week. Those not in employment consist of persons who are out of work but seeking employment, students and all others who have excluded themselves from the labour force for one reason or another, such as incapacity or the need to look after young children or elderly relatives.
Working age is generally defined as persons in the 15 to 64 age bracket although in some countries working age is defined as 16 to 64. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Employment > Part-time employment > Incidence of part-time employment per million: Part-time employment refers to persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week in their main job. Both employees and the self-employed may be part-time workers.
Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week. The rates shown here refer to the numbers of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week as a percentage of the total number of those in employment. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Employees > Industry > Female > % of female employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water)."
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Total per million: Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week.
Self-employed persons include employers, own-account workers, members of producers’ co-operatives, and unpaid family workers. The last of these are unpaid in the sense that they do not have a formal contract to receive a fixed amount of income at regular intervals, but they share in the income generated by the enterprise; unpaid family workers are particularly important in farming and retail trade. Note that all persons who work in corporate enterprises, including company directors, are considered to be employees.
The rates shown here are the percentages of the self-employed in total civilian employment i.e., total employment less military employees. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Unemployment with tertiary education > Male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Unemployment > Youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Force participation rate > Female > % of female population ages 15-64: Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15-64 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
Unemployment with secondary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Net income from abroad > Current US$ per million: Net income from abroad (current US$). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Long-term unemployment > % of total unemployment: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
Employment in industry > % of total employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water)."
Unemployment and education > Upper secondary: Unemployment rates among people of all ages who are educated upto Upper Secondary levels. Data is for 2000.
Long-term unemployment > Female > % of female unemployment: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
Net income from abroad > Current LCU: Net income from abroad (current LCU). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current local currency.
Temporary employment share per million: Temporary employment, expressed as a percentage share of total dependent employment. Data for 2000. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Unemployment > Female > % of female labor force: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Employment rate of lesser educated women: Employment rate of women aged 25-54, 2000, who are educated lesser than upper secondary level.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Gini index of regional unemployment rates > Small regions: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.
The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group.

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STAT	Germany	United Kingdom
Agricultural workers > Male	3% Ranked 71st. 50% more than United Kingdom	2% Ranked 76th.
Employment rate > Adults	51.7 Ranked 121st.	56.3 Ranked 94th. 9% more than Germany
Expense > Current LCU	770.99 billion Ranked 34th. 15% more than United Kingdom	671.66 billion Ranked 37th.
GNI > Current US$	$3.51 trillion Ranked 5th. 42% more than United Kingdom	$2.46 trillion Ranked 7th.
Hours worked > Standard workweek	48 hours Ranked 6th. 26% more than United Kingdom	38.2 hours Ranked 176th.
Labor force	43.35 million Ranked 14th. 38% more than United Kingdom	31.45 million Ranked 18th.
Labor force > By occupation	agriculture 2.8%, industry 33.4%, services 63.8%	agriculture 1.5%, industry 19.1%, services 79.5%
Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture	2.4% Ranked 42nd. 71% more than United Kingdom	1.4% Ranked 27th.
Labor force > By occupation > Industry	29.7% Ranked 7th. 63% more than United Kingdom	18.2% Ranked 16th.
Labor force > By occupation > Services	67.8% Ranked 16th.	80.4% Ranked 1st. 19% more than Germany
Labor force, total	42.52 million Ranked 15th. 31% more than United Kingdom	32.38 million Ranked 19th.
Rigidity of employment index	44 Ranked 61st. 3 times more than United Kingdom	14 Ranked 146th.
Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage	None; except for construction workers, electrical workers, janitors, roofers, painters, and letter carriers. Minimum wage is often set by collective bargaining agreements in other sectors of the economy and enforceable by law.	\u00a3 6.31 per hour (aged 21 and older), \u00a35.03 per hour (aged 18\u201320) or \u00a33.72 per hour (under 18 and finished compulsory education).
Trade union membership	26% Ranked 11th.	29% Ranked 10th. 12% more than Germany
Unemployment rate	7.4% Ranked 50th.	7.9% Ranked 47th. 7% more than Germany
Strikes	2 Ranked 24th.	22 Ranked 16th. 11 times more than Germany
Female doctors	37.1% Ranked 4th. 8% more than United Kingdom	34.5% Ranked 8th.
Labor force per 1000	530.1 Ranked 21st. 5% more than United Kingdom	505.05 Ranked 32nd.
GNI > Current US$ per capita	$42,862.34 Ranked 16th. 10% more than United Kingdom	$38,975.52 Ranked 18th.
Male retirement age	65 Ranked 3rd. The same as United Kingdom	65 Ranked 6th.
Female retirement age	65 Ranked 3rd. 8% more than United Kingdom	60 Ranked 16th.
Labor force, total per 1000	519.27 Ranked 35th. 1% more than United Kingdom	512.08 Ranked 41st.
Working mothers	53% Ranked 13th.	55% Ranked 12th. 4% more than Germany
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Both sexes	56.6% Ranked 38th.	58.1% Ranked 36th. 3% more than Germany
Firing cost > Weeks of wages	69.3 weeks of wages Ranked 41st. 3 times more than United Kingdom	22.1 weeks of wages Ranked 122nd.
GNI per capita > Constant LCU	30,893.27 Ranked 57th. 49% more than United Kingdom	20,722.73 Ranked 69th.
Expense > Current LCU per capita	9,425.57 Ranked 67th.	10,703.34 Ranked 64th. 14% more than Germany
Employment rate > Women	44.8 Ranked 93th.	49.9 Ranked 67th. 11% more than Germany
Labor force > Total	42.38 million Ranked 14th. 35% more than United Kingdom	31.49 million Ranked 18th.
Industrial workers > Male	46% Ranked 4th. 28% more than United Kingdom	36% Ranked 22nd.
Employment rate > Men	59.3 Ranked 139th.	63.1 Ranked 118th. 6% more than Germany
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men	62.5% Ranked 47th.	63.8% Ranked 39th. 2% more than Germany
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Men	62.5% Ranked 47th.	63.8% Ranked 39th. 2% more than Germany
Compensation of employees > Current LCU	37700000000	74329000000
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment rate	53.4 Ranked 3rd. 2 times more than United Kingdom	25.5 Ranked 23th.
Force > Total > Per capita	0.497 per capita Ranked 39th.	0.509 per capita Ranked 29th. 2% more than Germany
Force > Total	40.99 million Ranked 13th. 34% more than United Kingdom	30.64 million Ranked 17th.
Female decision makers	27% Ranked 35th.	33% Ranked 20th. 22% more than Germany
Agricultural workers > Female	2% Ranked 59th. Twice as much as United Kingdom	1% Ranked 73th.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Industry > Men > Aged above 14	40.9% Ranked 8th. 24% more than United Kingdom	33% Ranked 32nd.
Employment > Percent of population are employees > Women	90.6% Ranked 19th.	92.2% Ranked 13th. 2% more than Germany
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, both sexes	8.5% Ranked 62nd.	20% Ranked 31st. 2 times more than Germany
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > National unemployment rate	10.36% Ranked 3rd. 92% more than United Kingdom	5.38% Ranked 16th.
GNI > Current LCU	2.73 trillion Ranked 62nd. 75% more than United Kingdom	1.56 trillion Ranked 71st.
Unemployment	7.7% Ranked 4th. 45% more than United Kingdom	5.3% Ranked 9th.
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Women	9.24% Ranked 17th. 13% more than United Kingdom	8.18% Ranked 20th.
Female economic activity	47.9% Ranked 98th.	52.8% Ranked 79th. 10% more than Germany
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Women	51% Ranked 29th.	52.7% Ranked 23th. 3% more than Germany
Self employed > One-person and family businesses > Women	6% Ranked 38th.	7.9% Ranked 30th. 32% more than Germany
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women	51% Ranked 29th.	52.7% Ranked 23th. 3% more than Germany
Labor force > Per capita	528.39 per 1,000 people Ranked 29th. 4% more than United Kingdom	508.26 per 1,000 people Ranked 43th.
Industrial workers > Female	19% Ranked 25th. 58% more than United Kingdom	12% Ranked 50th.
Work Time > More than 40 hours	43.7% Ranked 11th.	49.8% Ranked 9th. 14% more than Germany
Employment rate > Young adults	44.3 Ranked 68th.	55.8 Ranked 30th. 26% more than Germany
Female professionals	50% Ranked 31st. 11% more than United Kingdom	45% Ranked 51st.
Net income from abroad > Current US$	$81.86 billion Ranked 3rd.	$-7,458,135,860.98 Ranked 138th.
Unemployment gender ratio	113% Ranked 16th. 43% more than United Kingdom	79% Ranked 29th.
Part time employment rate > Men > Aged above 14	7.4% Ranked 13th.	10% Ranked 8th. 35% more than Germany
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ per capita	151.8$ Ranked 25th. 3 times more than United Kingdom	51.26$ Ranked 47th.
Employment > Employment rates by gender > Employment rates > Men	74.74% Ranked 19th.	78.44% Ranked 11th. 5% more than Germany
Rigidity of employment index > 0=less rigid to 100=more rigid	42 Ranked 36th. 4 times more than United Kingdom	10 Ranked 141st.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Agriculture > Men > Aged above 14	2.9% Ranked 62nd. 53% more than United Kingdom	1.9% Ranked 66th.
Employment > Percent of population are employees > Men	85.3% Ranked 11th. 4% more than United Kingdom	82.4% Ranked 24th.
Service workers > Male	50% Ranked 41st.	61% Ranked 17th. 22% more than Germany
Female economic activity growth	0.0 Ranked 105th.	5% Ranked 65th.
Self employed > One-person and family businesses > Men	7.7% Ranked 45th.	14.9% Ranked 25th. 94% more than Germany
Employment rate > Young women	42.1 Ranked 53th.	55 Ranked 21st. 31% more than Germany
Employment rate > Young men	46.3 Ranked 86th.	56.6 Ranked 45th. 22% more than Germany
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ > Per capita	151,801.76$ per 1,000 people Ranked 26th. 3 times more than United Kingdom	51,256.51$ per 1,000 people Ranked 48th.
Unemployment > Unemployment rates > Unemployment rates > Total	8.4% Ranked 4th. 58% more than United Kingdom	5.3% Ranked 15th.
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Total	12.05% Ranked 22nd.	13.8% Ranked 13th. 15% more than Germany
GDP per person employed > Constant 1990 PPP $	$42,588.00 Ranked 23th.	$51,697.00 Ranked 8th. 21% more than Germany
GNI per capita > Constant 2000 US$	$38,418.73 Ranked 10th. 2% more than United Kingdom	$37,677.83 Ranked 14th.
GNI > Constant LCU	2.53 trillion Ranked 32nd. 93% more than United Kingdom	1.31 trillion Ranked 47th.
GNI > Constant LCU per capita	30,893.27 Ranked 57th. 49% more than United Kingdom	20,722.73 Ranked 70th.
Service workers > Female	79% Ranked 35th.	87% Ranked 6th. 10% more than Germany
Long term unemployment	3.9% Ranked 9th. 3 times more than United Kingdom	1.5% Ranked 15th.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Agriculture > Women > Aged above 14	1.7% Ranked 52nd. 2 times more than United Kingdom	0.7% Ranked 63th.
Part time employment rate > Women > Aged above 14	39.4% Ranked 5th. About the same as United Kingdom	39.3% Ranked 6th.
Employment > Percent of population are employers > Women	2.5% Ranked 29th.	7.3% Ranked 5th. 3 times more than Germany
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged above 14	45.7% Ranked 100th.	53% Ranked 51st. 16% more than Germany
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged 15 to 24	39.1% Ranked 69th.	57.9% Ranked 24th. 48% more than Germany
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged above 14	58% Ranked 152nd.	65.6% Ranked 122nd. 13% more than Germany
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, male	9.1% Ranked 60th.	22% Ranked 28th. 2 times more than Germany
Gender division of housework	2.1 Ranked 7th.	2.11 Ranked 6th. About the same as Germany
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ > Per $ GDP	4.48$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 68th. 3 times more than United Kingdom	1.4$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 109th.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$	12.52 billion$ Ranked 4th. 4 times more than United Kingdom	3.09 billion$ Ranked 14th.
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment > Long-term unemployment	56.63% Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than United Kingdom	24.74% Ranked 19th.
Foreign labor force	8.8% Ranked 7th. 2 times more than United Kingdom	3.7% Ranked 12th.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > National unemployment rate per million	0.126% Ranked 24th. 45% more than United Kingdom	0.0871% Ranked 26th.
Total work time > Males	441 minutes Ranked 10th. 7% more than United Kingdom	411 minutes Ranked 17th.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Services > Men > Aged above 14	56.1% Ranked 29th.	64.8% Ranked 8th. 16% more than Germany
Employment > Employment share by sector > Industry > Women > Aged above 14	16.1% Ranked 26th. 71% more than United Kingdom	9.4% Ranked 60th.
Employment > Percent of population are employers > Men	6.9% Ranked 27th.	17.3% Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Germany
Working time to buy > A car	861 hours Ranked 15th.	956 hours Ranked 14th. 11% more than Germany
Technicians in RandD > Per million people	1,089.28 per million people Ranked 8th. 7% more than United Kingdom	1,013.9 per million people Ranked 3rd.
Work time > Market-oriented	44% Ranked 29th.	51% Ranked 14th. 16% more than Germany
Total work time > Females	440 minutes Ranked 13th. 7% more than United Kingdom	413 minutes Ranked 22nd.
Working time to buy > Milk	2 minutes Ranked 16th.	3 minutes Ranked 12th. 50% more than Germany
Working time to buy > Chicken	8 minutes Ranked 16th.	24 minutes Ranked 6th. 3 times more than Germany
Minimum Age Convention > 1973 > Ratifications > Minimum age	15 Ranked 41st.	16 Ranked 25th. 7% more than Germany
Total work time > Females over males	100% Ranked 23th. The same as United Kingdom	100% Ranked 24th.
Unemployment and education > Tertiary	4% Ranked 4th. 90% more than United Kingdom	2.1% Ranked 12th.
Employment rate of highly educated women	83.4% Ranked 10th.	86.4% Ranked 7th. 4% more than Germany
Researchers in labor force	60 per 10000 people Ranked 9th. 9% more than United Kingdom	55 per 10000 people Ranked 11th.
Work time > Non-market-oriented	56% Ranked 1st. 14% more than United Kingdom	49% Ranked 12th.
Contributing family workers, total > % of total employed	0.5% Ranked 49th. 25% more than United Kingdom	0.4% Ranked 54th.
Employees, services, female > % of female employment	84.7% Ranked 22nd.	90.9% Ranked 8th. 7% more than Germany
Employees, services, male > % of male employment	57.9% Ranked 26th.	68.6% Ranked 6th. 18% more than Germany
Part time employment, female > % of total part time employment	78.7% Ranked 6th. 7% more than United Kingdom	73.8% Ranked 10th.
Unemployment, male > % of male labor force	5.6% Ranked 57th.	8.4% Ranked 36th. 50% more than Germany
Unemployment, total > % of total labor force	5.4% Ranked 61st.	7.9% Ranked 40th. 46% more than Germany
Contributing family workers, female > % of females employed	0.8% Ranked 42nd. 60% more than United Kingdom	0.5% Ranked 51st.
Force with primary education > % of total	17.3% Ranked 29th.	17.5% Ranked 28th. 1% more than Germany
Wage and salary workers, male > % of males employed	85.7% Ranked 10th. 6% more than United Kingdom	80.6% Ranked 25th.
Labor force with secondary education > Male > % of male labor force	57.6% Ranked 16th. 26% more than United Kingdom	45.6% Ranked 27th.
Labor force with primary education > Female > % of female labor force	17.9% Ranked 34th.	19% Ranked 33th. 6% more than Germany
Wage and salaried workers, female > % of females employed	91.7% Ranked 11th. 2% more than United Kingdom	90% Ranked 20th.
Employees > Agriculture > Male > % of male employment	2.8% Ranked 24th. 47% more than United Kingdom	1.9% Ranked 29th.
Employees > Agriculture > Female > % of female employment	1.6% Ranked 21st. Twice as much as United Kingdom	0.8% Ranked 27th.
Employment in agriculture > % of total employment	2.2% Ranked 24th. 57% more than United Kingdom	1.4% Ranked 28th.
Employment in services > % of total employment	68% Ranked 13th.	76.9% Ranked 2nd. 13% more than Germany
Vulnerable employment, male > % of male employment	7.7% Ranked 55th.	15.4% Ranked 36th. Twice as much as Germany
Vulnerable employment, female > % of female employment	5.9% Ranked 51st.	8.3% Ranked 42nd. 41% more than Germany
Labor participation rate > Total > % of total population ages 15+	59.8% Ranked 121st.	62.2% Ranked 105th. 4% more than Germany
Employment to population ratio, 15+, total > %	56.5% Ranked 101st.	57.1% Ranked 100th. 1% more than Germany
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment	10.6% Ranked 51st.	14.3% Ranked 41st. 35% more than Germany
Unemployment > Unemployment with primary education > Male > % of male unemployment	33.8% Ranked 40th.	39.4% Ranked 29th. 17% more than Germany
Unemployment > Unemployment with secondary education > Female > % of female unemployment	56.9% Ranked 13th. 15% more than United Kingdom	49.4% Ranked 23th.
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment rate > Female	52.7 Ranked 6th. 3 times more than United Kingdom	18.4 Ranked 24th.
Unemployment > Unemployment with primary education > Female > % of female unemployment	32.2% Ranked 34th.	34.6% Ranked 26th. 7% more than Germany
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > Female > % of female unemployment	10.9% Ranked 51st.	15.6% Ranked 40th. 43% more than Germany
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24	9.9% Ranked 26th.	12.7% Ranked 21st. 28% more than Germany
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24	10.5% Ranked 24th.	15% Ranked 17th. 43% more than Germany
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24	11% Ranked 26th.	17% Ranked 13th. 55% more than Germany
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total > %	46.3% Ranked 54th. The same as United Kingdom	46.3% Ranked 55th.
Employees, agriculture, male > % of male employment	1.9% Ranked 56th. 19% more than United Kingdom	1.6% Ranked 57th.
Unemployment benefit as % of GDP	1.3% of GDP Ranked 9th. 4 times more than United Kingdom	0.3% of GDP Ranked 17th.
Temporary employment share	12.6% Ranked 12th. 88% more than United Kingdom	6.7% Ranked 21st.
Force with tertiary education > % of total	23.8% Ranked 19th.	26.8% Ranked 13th. 13% more than Germany
Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention > Ratifications > Date	June 8, 1956	June 30, 1950
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ per capita	79.33$ Ranked 63th.	111.62$ Ranked 50th. 41% more than Germany
One-person and family businesses > Men > Percentage	7.7% Ranked 45th.	14.9% Ranked 25th. 94% more than Germany
Net income from abroad > Current US$, % of GDP	2.41% Ranked 16th.	-0.306% Ranked 44th.
Employees, agriculture, female > % of female employment	1.1% Ranked 50th. 57% more than United Kingdom	0.7% Ranked 56th.
Net income from abroad > Constant LCU	59.02 billion Ranked 9th.	-3,965,217,178.015 Ranked 45th.
Unemployment, youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24	7.4% Ranked 68th.	17.9% Ranked 43th. 2 times more than Germany
Long-term unemployment, male > % of male unemployment	2.6% Ranked 28th.	3.1% Ranked 26th. 19% more than Germany
Working time to buy > A television set	32 hours Ranked 6th. 14% more than United Kingdom	28 hours Ranked 7th.
Long-term unemployment > Male > % of male unemployment	48.3% Ranked 6th. 82% more than United Kingdom	26.5% Ranked 18th.
Expense > % of GDP	29.54% Ranked 46th.	43.7% Ranked 9th. 48% more than Germany
GNI > Current LCU per capita	33,338.32 Ranked 106th. 35% more than United Kingdom	24,671.5 Ranked 121st.
Employment > Underemployment > Working less than 20 hours per week > Men > Aged above 14	4.9% Ranked 9th.	5.7% Ranked 7th. 16% more than Germany
Unemployment > Youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24	15.2% Ranked 32nd. 29% more than United Kingdom	11.8% Ranked 40th.
Force > Female > % of total labor force	45.17% Ranked 56th.	45.99% Ranked 51st. 2% more than Germany
Employment > Underemployment > Working less than 20 hours per week > Women > Aged above 14	21.7% Ranked 4th. 4% more than United Kingdom	20.8% Ranked 5th.
Working time to buy > Fish	36 minutes Ranked 13th.	55 minutes Ranked 9th. 53% more than Germany
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, female	7.8% Ranked 64th.	17.7% Ranked 41st. 2 times more than Germany
Employment > Employment share by sector > Services > Women > Aged above 14	82.1% Ranked 33th.	89.6% Ranked 4th. 9% more than Germany
Unemployment with tertiary education > Female > % of female unemployment	12.5% Ranked 21st.	13.8% Ranked 38th. 10% more than Germany
Unemployment > Unemployed youths per unemployed adult > Men > Aged 15 to 24	1.5 Ranked 65th.	3.7 Ranked 13th. 2 times more than Germany
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > Male > % of male unemployment	10.3% Ranked 45th.	13.3% Ranked 36th. 29% more than Germany
Unemployment > Unemployed youths per unemployed adult > Women > Aged 15 to 24	1.3 ratio Ranked 67th.	3.3 ratio Ranked 12th. 3 times more than Germany
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Women per million	0.113% Ranked 26th.	0.132% Ranked 25th. 17% more than Germany
Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment	12.4% Ranked 23th.	14.6% Ranked 37th. 18% more than Germany
Employers, male > % of employment	6.7% Ranked 13th. 91% more than United Kingdom	3.5% Ranked 52nd.
Personal remittances, received > % of GDP	0.407% Ranked 102nd. 6 times more than United Kingdom	0.0718% Ranked 132nd.
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment > Long-term unemployment per million	0.691% Ranked 21st. 73% more than United Kingdom	0.4% Ranked 25th.
Contributing family workers, male > % of males employed	0.3% Ranked 48th. The same as United Kingdom	0.3% Ranked 51st.
Subsidies and other transfers > % of expense	81.65% Ranked 1st. 52% more than United Kingdom	53.75% Ranked 39th.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ > Per $ GDP	2.34$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 131st.	3.06$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 122nd. 31% more than Germany
Unemployment > Unemployment rates > Unemployment rates > Total per million	0.103% Ranked 25th. 20% more than United Kingdom	0.0857% Ranked 26th.
GNI > Current US$, % of GDP	103.25% Ranked 19th. 2% more than United Kingdom	101.2% Ranked 35th.
Part time > Part time employment rate > Men	7.4% Ranked 13th.	10% Ranked 8th. 35% more than Germany
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male > %	48.2% Ranked 73th. 4% more than United Kingdom	46.4% Ranked 81st.
Employment to population ratio, 15+, female > %	50.8% Ranked 72nd.	51.6% Ranked 68th. 2% more than Germany
Part time > Part time employment rate > Women	39.4% Ranked 5th. About the same as United Kingdom	39.3% Ranked 6th.
Employment > Working more than 40 hours per week > Women > Aged above 14	30.6% Ranked 21st. 12% more than United Kingdom	27.3% Ranked 22nd.
One-person and family businesses > Men	7.7% Ranked 45th.	14.9% Ranked 25th. 94% more than Germany
Employment > Working more than 40 hours per week > Men > Aged above 14	63.2% Ranked 21st.	65% Ranked 20th. 3% more than Germany
Employment > Part-time employment > Incidence of part-time employment	17.58% Ranked 12th.	22.98% Ranked 4th. 31% more than Germany
Minimum Age Convention > 1973 > Ratifications > Date	April 8, 1976	June 7, 2000
Employment rate > Source / date of > Information	2003 OECD .	2003 OECD .
Force participation rate > Total > % of total population ages 15-64	73.41% Ranked 57th.	75.56% Ranked 41st. 3% more than Germany
Employers, female > % of employment	2.5% Ranked 20th. 79% more than United Kingdom	1.4% Ranked 48th.
Employers, total > % of employment	4.7% Ranked 16th. 88% more than United Kingdom	2.5% Ranked 55th.
Self-employed, female > % of females employed	8.3% Ranked 53th.	9.7% Ranked 46th. 17% more than Germany
Self-employed, male > % of males employed	14.3% Ranked 56th.	18.8% Ranked 43th. 31% more than Germany
Self-employed, total > % of total employed	11.6% Ranked 56th.	14.6% Ranked 49th. 26% more than Germany
Employment to population ratio, 15+, male > %	62.6% Ranked 127th.	63% Ranked 124th. 1% more than Germany
Vulnerable employment, total > % of total employment	6.8% Ranked 56th.	12.1% Ranked 41st. 78% more than Germany
Force participation rate > Male > % of male population ages 15-64	79.3% Ranked 118th.	81.86% Ranked 98th. 3% more than Germany
Wage and salaried workers, total > % of total employed	88.4% Ranked 11th. 4% more than United Kingdom	85% Ranked 19th.
Employees, industry, female > % of female employment	14.2% Ranked 26th. 87% more than United Kingdom	7.6% Ranked 52nd.
Employees, industry, male > % of male employment	40.2% Ranked 7th. 40% more than United Kingdom	28.7% Ranked 35th.
Unemployment, youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24	8.8% Ranked 66th.	23.8% Ranked 27th. 3 times more than Germany
Unemployment, youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24	8.1% Ranked 71st.	21% Ranked 32nd. 3 times more than Germany
Long-term unemployment, female > % of female unemployment	2.3% Ranked 30th. 5% more than United Kingdom	2.2% Ranked 32nd.
Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector > % of total nonagricultural employment	46.9% Ranked 34th.	52.2% Ranked 7th. 11% more than Germany
Force > Total per 1000	497.05 Ranked 42nd.	508.85 Ranked 33th. 2% more than Germany
Employees > Services > Female > % of female employment	82.5% Ranked 14th.	89.8% Ranked 2nd. 9% more than Germany
Labor force > Female > % of total labor force	45.44% Ranked 67th.	45.66% Ranked 62nd. About the same as Germany
Unemployment > Unemployment > Total > % of total labor force	7.5% Ranked 21st. 34% more than United Kingdom	5.6% Ranked 46th.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$	6.54 billion$ Ranked 9th.	6.72 billion$ Ranked 8th. 3% more than Germany
One-person and family businesses > Women	6% Ranked 38th.	7.9% Ranked 30th. 32% more than Germany
Labor force with primary education > % of total	17% Ranked 39th.	21.5% Ranked 32nd. 26% more than Germany
Long term unemployment > Share	51.5% Ranked 6th. 86% more than United Kingdom	27.7% Ranked 14th.
Labor force with secondary education > % of total	59% Ranked 14th. 29% more than United Kingdom	45.9% Ranked 25th.
Labor force with primary education > Male > % of male labor force	16.3% Ranked 40th.	23.5% Ranked 30th. 44% more than Germany
Labor force with secondary education > Female > % of female labor force	60.7% Ranked 8th. 31% more than United Kingdom	46.2% Ranked 25th.
Labor force with tertiary education > % of total	23.9% Ranked 28th.	31.9% Ranked 16th. 33% more than Germany
Net income from abroad > Current LCU per million	777.51 million Ranked 21st.	-74,666,846.841 Ranked 46th.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ > Per capita	79.33$ per capita Ranked 62nd.	111.61$ per capita Ranked 53th. 41% more than Germany
Working time to buy > Beef	30 minutes Ranked 16th.	52 minutes Ranked 10th. 73% more than Germany
Working time to buy > Bread	7 minutes Ranked 14th. 75% more than United Kingdom	4 minutes Ranked 16th.
Unemployment > Total > % of total labor force	9.8% Ranked 27th. 2 times more than United Kingdom	4.6% Ranked 64th.
Net income from abroad > Constant LCU per million	720.75 million Ranked 14th.	-62,713,464.038 Ranked 30th.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged 15 to 24	43.3% Ranked 113th.	60.5% Ranked 42nd. 40% more than Germany
GNI growth > Annual %	0.806% Ranked 82nd.	-1.472% Ranked 100th.
GNI per capita > Current LCU	33,338.32 Ranked 106th. 35% more than United Kingdom	24,671.5 Ranked 120th.
Part time employment, male > % of total male employment	8.9% Ranked 25th.	11.7% Ranked 13th. 31% more than Germany
Part time employment, total > % of total employment	22.6% Ranked 7th.	24.1% Ranked 5th. 7% more than Germany
Unemployment, female > % of female labor force	5.2% Ranked 63th.	7.3% Ranked 50th. 40% more than Germany
Working time to buy > A refrigerator	17 hours Ranked 14th.	45 hours Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Germany
Unemployment > Male > % of male labor force	10.2% Ranked 20th. 2 times more than United Kingdom	5% Ranked 57th.
Force with secondary education > % of total	58.9% Ranked 10th. 24% more than United Kingdom	47.4% Ranked 16th.
Unemployment with secondary education > Male > % of male unemployment	60.1% Ranked 11th. 41% more than United Kingdom	42.7% Ranked 30th.
Unemployment > Youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24	16.1% Ranked 27th. 20% more than United Kingdom	13.4% Ranked 36th.
Compensation of employees > % of expense	5.38% Ranked 72nd.	14.97% Ranked 51st. 3 times more than Germany
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Range in regional unemployment rate > Small regions > Maximum	23.82% Ranked 1st. 2 times more than United Kingdom	10.14% Ranked 15th.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Range in regional unemployment rate > Small regions > Minimum	5.48% Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than United Kingdom	1.62% Ranked 25th.
Employment > Employment rates by gender > Employment rates > Men per million	0.913% Ranked 27th.	1.27% Ranked 23th. 39% more than Germany
Employment > Part-time employment > Incidence of part-time employment per million	0.215% Ranked 23th.	0.372% Ranked 17th. 73% more than Germany
Employees > Industry > Female > % of female employment	15.9% Ranked 11th. 75% more than United Kingdom	9.1% Ranked 26th.
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Total per million	0.147% Ranked 27th.	0.223% Ranked 26th. 52% more than Germany
Unemployment with tertiary education > Male > % of male unemployment	12.3% Ranked 18th.	15.1% Ranked 29th. 23% more than Germany
Unemployment > Youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24	14% Ranked 35th. 40% more than United Kingdom	10% Ranked 43th.
Force participation rate > Female > % of female population ages 15-64	67.36% Ranked 43th.	69.34% Ranked 38th. 3% more than Germany
Unemployment with secondary education > Female > % of female unemployment	61.9% Ranked 10th. 31% more than United Kingdom	47.2% Ranked 29th.
Net income from abroad > Current US$ per million	$999.62 million Ranked 8th.	$-117,957,104.01 Ranked 96th.
Long-term unemployment > % of total unemployment	50% Ranked 5th. 2 times more than United Kingdom	23% Ranked 20th.
Employment in industry > % of total employment	29.7% Ranked 7th. 39% more than United Kingdom	21.4% Ranked 24th.
Unemployment and education > Upper secondary	7.8% Ranked 3rd. 73% more than United Kingdom	4.5% Ranked 10th.
Long-term unemployment > Female > % of female unemployment	52.3% Ranked 5th. 3 times more than United Kingdom	17.1% Ranked 21st.
Net income from abroad > Current LCU	63.67 billion Ranked 10th.	-4,721,000,000 Ranked 82nd.
Temporary employment share per million	0.153% Ranked 23th. 35% more than United Kingdom	0.114% Ranked 25th.
Unemployment > Female > % of female labor force	9.3% Ranked 36th. 2 times more than United Kingdom	4.2% Ranked 64th.
Employment rate of lesser educated women	55.4% Ranked 10th. 11% more than United Kingdom	49.7% Ranked 15th.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Gini index of regional unemployment rates > Small regions	0.225 Year 2006 Ranked 7th. 23% more than United Kingdom	0.183 Year 2006 Ranked 15th.

SOURCES: ILO (International Labour Organization). 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; International Labour Organisation, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators.; World Bank national accounts data; Wikipedia: List of minimum wages by country (Countries) ("Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013" . State.gov . Retrieved 2014-03-04 .); CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; World Development Indicators database; Wikipedia: List of minimum wages by country (Countries); Figures are from the OECD. The figures are from EIRO for France, Ireland and Italy; OECD; OECD Health Data 2002 (CD ROM) available year for Australia, Japan = 1998; Denmark = 1995; 1980 figures for Canada and France are interpolated; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: Retirement age (Retirement age); International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Labour Organisation, using World Bank population estimates.; United Nations Statistics Division Original html; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; calculated on the basis of occupational data from ILO (International Labour Organization). 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009; OECD Historical Statistics; calculated on the basis of data on the economically active population and total population from ILO (International Labour Organization). 2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division Original html; ILO, Key Indicators; calculated on the basis of data on male and female unemployment rates from OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2001. Employment Outlook 2001. Paris; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a109, Part-time employment rate; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/).; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2001. Employment Outlook. Paris; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Jeanne A. Batalova and Philip N. Cohen, 'Premarital Cohabitation and Housework: Couples in Cross-National Perspective', Journal of Marriage and Family 64, August 2002, p.748; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Harvey, Andrew S. 1995 ?Market and Non-Market Productive Activity in Less Developed and Developing Countries: Lessons from Time Use.? Background Paper for Human Development Report 1995. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report, Goldshmidt-Clermont, Luisella, and Elisabetta Pagnossin Aligisakis. 1995. ?Measures of Unrecorded Economic Activities in Fourteen Countries.? Background paper for Human Development Report; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; International Metalworkers' Federation, The Purchasing Power of Working Time 2002: An International Comparison of Average Net Hourly Earnings 2001 (International Metalworkers' Federation, Geneva, 2002); Wikipedia: Minimum Age Convention, 1973; OECD, Employment Outlook 2002; OECD Employment Outlook 2002, p.74; OECD; Annex to GECD Society at a Glance 2002; OECD; Wikipedia: Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949; United Nations Statistics Division; World Bank national accounts data. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates. World Bank World Development Indicators.; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a118, Percent working less than 20 hrs/week; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a118, Percent working less than 20 hrs/week; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; ILO Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM).; World Bank staff estimates; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?q=40+hrs%2fweek&d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a119, Percent working more than 40 hrs/week.; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=MDG&f=seriesRowID%3a772, Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment, men, percentage; Wikipedia: List of countries by employment rate; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=MDG&f=seriesRowID%3a773#MDG, Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment, women, percentage; OECD. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.

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