Labor Stats: compare key data on Austria & Switzerland

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Labor (278)

Definitions

Agricultural workers > Male: Proportion of employed males engaged in the agricultural sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Employment rate > Adults: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Expense > Current LCU: Expense (current LCU). Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends.
GNI > Current US$: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Hours worked > Standard workweek: Standard workweek (hours).
Labor force: The total labor force figure
Labor force > By occupation: Component parts of the labor force by occupation.
Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Labor force > By occupation > Industry: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Labor force > By occupation > Services: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Labor force, total: Labor force, total. Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.
Rigidity of employment index: The rigidity of employment index measures the regulation of employment, specifically the hiring and firing of workers and the rigidity of working hours. This index is the average of three subindexes: a difficulty of hiring index, a rigidity of hours index, and a difficulty of firing index. The index ranges from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating more rigid regulations.
Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage: Minimum wage.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Trade union membership: Union members as % of all employees. Figures are for 2000.
Unemployment rate: The percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
Strikes: Strikes five-year average in days not worked per 1000 employees (1996-2000)
Female doctors: Female doctors as % of the total - 2000.
Labor force per 1000: The total labor force figure. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
GNI > Current US$ per capita: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Male retirement age: Men.
Denmark had range specified: 65-67

Finland had range specified: 62-68

Netherlands had range specified: 65-67

Sweden had range specified: 61-67

United States had range specified: 62-67
Female retirement age: Women.
China had range specified: 50-55

Czech Republic had range specified: 59-63

Denmark had range specified: 65-67

Finland had range specified: 62-68

Greece had range specified: 60-67

Netherlands had range specified: 65-67

Sweden had range specified: 61-67

United States had range specified: 62-67
Labor force, total per 1000: Labor force, total. Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Both sexes: Percentage of unemployed people out of total population able to work. Workers not able to work due to labor disputes, sickness and childcare do not count towards the percentage.
Firing cost > Weeks of wages: Firing cost is the cost of advance notice requirements, severance payments, and penalties due when terminating a redundant worker, expressed in weekly wages. One month is recorded as 4 1/3 weeks.
GNI per capita > Constant LCU: GNI per capita (constant LCU). GNI per capita is gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant local currency.
Expense > Current LCU per capita: Expense (current LCU). Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Employment rate > Women: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Labor force > Total: Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organisation definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector."
Industrial workers > Male: Proportion of employed males engaged in the industrial sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Employment rate > Men: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men: Employment-to-population ratio, men, percentage.
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Men: Percentage of unemployed men out of total male population able to work. Men not able to work due to labor disputes, sickness and childcare do not count towards the percentage.
Compensation of employees > Current LCU: Compensation of employees consists of all payments in cash, as well as in kind (such as food and housing), to employees in return for services rendered, and government contributions to social insurance schemes such as social security and pensions that provide benefits to employees.
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment rate: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed."
Force > Total: Total labor force comprises people who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.
Force > Total > Per capita: Total labor force comprises people who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Female decision makers: Female legislators, senior officials and managers (as % of total). Data refer to the latest year available during the period 1991-2000. Those for countries that have implemented the recent International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88) are not strictly comparable with those for countries using the previous classification (ISCO-68).
Agricultural workers > Female: Proportion of employed females engaged in the agricultural sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Employment > Percent of population are employees > Women: Number of female self-reported employees (formal or informal), expressed as a percentage of the total female employed population.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Industry > Men > Aged above 14: Percent employed in industry.
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, both sexes: Percentage of population aged 15-24 that is unemployed.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > National unemployment rate: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.
The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group.
GNI > Current LCU: GNI (current LCU). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current local currency.
Unemployment: Unemployed as proportion of the total labour force. Data for 2000-2002.
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Women: Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week.
Self-employed persons include employers, own-account workers, members of producers’ co-operatives, and unpaid family workers. The last of these are unpaid in the sense that they do not have a formal contract to receive a fixed amount of income at regular intervals, but they share in the income generated by the enterprise; unpaid family workers are particularly important in farming and retail trade. Note that all persons who work in corporate enterprises, including company directors, are considered to be employees.
The rates shown here are the percentages of the self-employed in total civilian employment i.e., total employment less military employees.
Female economic activity: Female economic activity rate (aged 15 and above) in 2000.
Self employed > One-person and family businesses > Women: Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment, women, percentage.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women: Employment-to-population ratio, women, percentage.
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Women: Percentage of unemployed women out of total female population able to work. Women not able to work due to labor disputes, sickness and childcare do not count towards the percentage.
Labor force > Per capita: The total labor force figure Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 30-34: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Industrial workers > Female: Proportion of employed females engaged in the industrial sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Work Time > More than 40 hours: Percentage of persons in employment working more than 40 hours/week. Data is for 2000.
Employment rate > Young adults: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
Female professionals: Female professional and technical workers (as % of total)
Net income from abroad > Current US$: Net income from abroad (current US$). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Unemployment gender ratio: Female unemployment rate as a % of the male unemployment rate.
Part time employment rate > Men > Aged above 14: Percent of males over the age of 14 years who work less than 30 hours a week (either as employees or self-employed) as a percentage of all males in employment.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ per capita: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Employment > Employment rates by gender > Employment rates > Men: Employment rates are calculated as the ratio of the employed to the working age population. To calculate this employment rate, the population of working age is divided into two groups: those who are employed and those who are not. Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week. Those not in employment consist of persons who are out of work but seeking employment, students and all others who have excluded themselves from the labour force for one reason or another, such as incapacity or the need to look after young children or elderly relatives.
Working age is generally defined as persons in the 15 to 64 age bracket although in some countries working age is defined as 16 to 64.
Rigidity of employment index > 0=less rigid to 100=more rigid: The rigidity of employment index measures the regulation of employment, specifically the hiring and firing of workers and the rigidity of working hours. This index is the average of three subindexes: a difficulty of hiring index, a rigidity of hours index, and a difficulty of firing index. The index ranges from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating more rigid regulations."
Employment > Percent of population are employees > Men: Number of male self-reported employees (formal or informal), expressed as a percentage of the total male employed population.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Agriculture > Men > Aged above 14: Percent employed in agriculture.
Service workers > Male: Proportion of employed males engaged in the service sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Female economic activity growth: The % change in the female economic activity rate (aged 15 and above) from 1990 to 2000.
Self employed > One-person and family businesses > Men: Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment, men, percentage.
Employment rate > Young men: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
Employment rate > Young women: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ > Per capita: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Unemployment > Unemployment rates > Unemployment rates > Total: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of the unemployed plus those in employment, which are defined as persons who have worked for one hour or more in the last week.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 65 plus: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Total: Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week.
Self-employed persons include employers, own-account workers, members of producers’ co-operatives, and unpaid family workers. The last of these are unpaid in the sense that they do not have a formal contract to receive a fixed amount of income at regular intervals, but they share in the income generated by the enterprise; unpaid family workers are particularly important in farming and retail trade. Note that all persons who work in corporate enterprises, including company directors, are considered to be employees.
The rates shown here are the percentages of the self-employed in total civilian employment i.e., total employment less military employees.
GDP per person employed > Constant 1990 PPP $: GDP per person employed is gross domestic product (GDP) divided by total employment in the economy. Purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP is GDP converted to 1990 constant international dollars using PPP rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP that a U.S. dollar has in the United States.
GNI per capita > Constant 2000 US$: GNI per capita (constant 2000 US$). GNI per capita is gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
GNI > Constant LCU: GNI (constant LCU). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant local currency.
GNI > Constant LCU per capita: GNI (constant LCU). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in constant local currency. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Service workers > Female: Proportion of employed females engaged in the service sector. Employment by economic activity (%) (most recent year available between 1995 and 2001). Note: As a result of a number of limitations in the data, comparisons of labour statistics over time and across countries should be made with caution. For detailed notes on the data see ILO (2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; and 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002). The percentage shares of employment by economic activity may not sum to 100 because of rounding or the omission of activities not classified.
Long term unemployment: Long term unemployment as a % of labour force, 2000. Long term implies 12 months or longer.
Part time employment rate > Women > Aged above 14: Percent of females over the age of 14 years who work less than 30 hours a week (either as employees or self-employed) as a percentage of all females in employment.
Employment > Percent of population are employers > Women: Number of female self-reported employers (self-employed with paid employees), expressed as a percentage of the total female employed population.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Agriculture > Women > Aged above 14: Percent employed in agriculture.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged above 14: Employment-to-population ratio.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged 15 to 24: Employment-to-population ratio.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged above 14: Employment-to-population ratio.
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, male: Percentage of male population aged 15-24 that is unemployed.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 45-49: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ > Per $ GDP: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1,000 $ gross domestic product.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > National unemployment rate per million: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.
The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment > Long-term unemployment: Long-term unemployment is conventionally defined either as those unemployed for 6 months or more or, as here, those unemployed for 12 months or more. The ratios calculated here show the proportion of these long-term unemployed among all unemployed.
Unemployment is defined in most OECD countries in accordance with the ILO Guidelines. Unemployment is usually measured by household labour force surveys and the unemployed are defined as those persons who report that they have worked in gainful employment for less than one hour in the previous week, who are available for work and who have taken actions to seek employment in the previous four weeks. The ILO Guidelines specify the kinds of actions that count as seeking work.
Foreign labor force: Foreign labour force 2000
Employment > Percent of population are employers > Men: Number of male self-reported employers (self-employed with paid employees), expressed as a percentage of the total male employed population.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Industry > Women > Aged above 14: Percent employed in industry.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Services > Men > Aged above 14: Percent employed in services.
Working time to buy > A car: Hours worked by average worker to buy a car. Indicative of the purchasing power of the currency of the country.
Technicians in RandD > Per million people: Technicians in R&D and equivalent staff are people whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in engineering, physical and life sciences (technicians), or social sciences and humanities (equivalent staff). They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods, normally under the supervision of researchers.
Working time to buy > Milk: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy 1 litre of milk.
Working time to buy > Chicken: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy one kilo of chicken. The comparison of income levels only becomes meaningful if the cost of buying the necessities and luxuries of life is also considered.
Economic activity > Men aged 35-39: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Men aged 20-24: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Women aged 40-44: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 15-19: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Men aged 15-19: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Minimum Age Convention > 1973 > Ratifications > Minimum age: years
Employment rate of highly educated women: Employment rate of women aged 25-54, 2000, who are educated upto or more than tertiary level.
Unemployment and education > Tertiary: Unemployment rates among people of all ages who are educated to tertiary levels. Data is for 2000.
Researchers in labor force: Number of researchers per 10000 in the labour force (1999).
Force participation rate > Male > % of male population ages 15-64: Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15-64 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
Wage and salaried workers, total > % of total employed: Wage and salaried workers, total (% of total employed). Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.
Employees, industry, female > % of female employment: Employees, industry, female (% of female employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water).
Employees, industry, male > % of male employment: Employees, industry, male (% of male employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water).
Unemployment, youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24: Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15-24). Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Unemployment, youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24: Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24). Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Long-term unemployment, female > % of female unemployment: Long-term unemployment, female (% of female unemployment). Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
Force with primary education > % of total: Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Self-employed, total > % of total employed: Self-employed, total (% of total employed). Self employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" (i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced). Self employed workers include three subcategories: employers, own-account workers, and members of producers' cooperatives.
Force > Total per 1000: Total labor force comprises people who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Labor force with secondary education > Male > % of male labor force: Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Labor force with primary education > Female > % of female labor force: Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Self-employed, male > % of males employed: Self-employed, male (% of males employed). Self employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" (i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced). Self employed workers include three subcategories: employers, own-account workers, and members of producers' cooperatives.
Self-employed, female > % of females employed: Self-employed, female (% of females employed). Self employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" (i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced). Self employed workers include three subcategories: employers, own-account workers, and members of producers' cooperatives.
Employers, total > % of employment: Employers, total (% of employment). Employers refers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced), and, in this capacity, have engaged, on a continuous basis, one or more persons to work for them as employee(s).
Employers, female > % of employment: Employers, female (% of employment). Employers refers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced), and, in this capacity, have engaged, on a continuous basis, one or more persons to work for them as employee(s).
Force participation rate > Total > % of total population ages 15-64: Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15-64 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
Labor force with primary education > % of total: Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Force with tertiary education > % of total: Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Labor force with secondary education > % of total: Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Labor force with primary education > Male > % of male labor force: Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Labor force with secondary education > Female > % of female labor force: Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Labor force with tertiary education > % of total: Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force."
Economic activity > Women aged 45-49: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ per capita: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Working time to buy > Beef: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy one kilo of beef. The comparison of income levels only becomes meaningful if the cost of buying the necessities and luxuries of life is also considered.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 55-59: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
One-person and family businesses > Men > Percentage: Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment, men, percentage.
Unemployment benefit as % of GDP: Expenditure on unemployment benefits as % of GDP (Year 1998).
Temporary employment share: Temporary employment, expressed as a percentage share of total dependent employment. Data for 2000
Employees, agriculture, female > % of female employment: Employees, agriculture, female (% of female employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing.
Workers' remittances > Receipts > BoP > Current US$ > Per capita: Workers' remittances are current transfers by migrants who are employed or intend to remain employed for more than a year in another economy in which they are considered residents. Some developing countries classify workers' remittances as a factor income receipt (and thus as a component of GNI). The World Bank adheres to international guidelines in defining GNI, and its classification of workers' remittances may therefore differ from national practices. This item shows receipts by the reporting country. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Economic activity > Women aged 25-29: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Men aged 60-64: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Men aged 55-59: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Men aged 45-49: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Net income from abroad > Constant LCU: Net income from abroad (constant LCU). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in constant local currency.
Part time employment, male > % of total male employment: Part time employment, male (% of total male employment). Part time employment refers to regular employment in which working time is substantially less than normal. Definitions of part time employment differ by country.
Part time employment, total > % of total employment: Part time employment, total (% of total employment). Part time employment refers to regular employment in which working time is substantially less than normal. Definitions of part time employment differ by country.
Unemployment > Unemployment rates > Unemployment rates > Total per million: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of the unemployed plus those in employment, which are defined as persons who have worked for one hour or more in the last week.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Subsidies and other transfers > % of expense: Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense). Subsidies, grants, and other social benefits include all unrequited, nonrepayable transfers on current account to private and public enterprises; grants to foreign governments, international organizations, and other government units; and social security, social assistance benefits, and employer social benefits in cash and in kind.
Expense > % of GDP: Expense (% of GDP). Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends.
GNI > Current US$, % of GDP: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Unemployment > Youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Long-term unemployment > Male > % of male unemployment: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
Part time > Part time employment rate > Men: Percentage of country's males over the age of 15 that are employed only part-time.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 35-39: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Women aged 60-64: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Women aged 35-39: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Part time > Part time employment rate > Women: Percentage of country's females over the age of 15 that are employed only part-time.
Employment > Underemployment > Working less than 20 hours per week > Men > Aged above 14: Percentage of males above the age of 14 in employment, who work less than 20 hours/week.
Employment > Underemployment > Working less than 20 hours per week > Women > Aged above 14: Percentage of females above the age of 14 in employment, who work less than 20 hours/week.
Unemployment > Youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Force > Female > % of total labor force: Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises all people who meet the International Labour Organization's definition of the economically active population.
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, female: Percentage of female population aged 15-24 that is unemployed.
Working time to buy > Fish: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy one kilo of fish. The comparison of income levels only becomes meaningful if the cost of buying the necessities and luxuries of life is also considered.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Services > Women > Aged above 14: Percent employed in services.
Unemployment with tertiary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > Male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Economic activity > Women aged 15-19: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 20-24: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 25-29: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector > % of total nonagricultural employment: Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector is the share of female workers in the nonagricultural sector (industry and services), expressed as a percentage of total employment in the nonagricultural sector. Industry includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, electricity, gas, and water, corresponding to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3). Services include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services-corresponding to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3)."
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 60-64: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Labor force > Female > % of total labor force: Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organisation's definition of the economically active population.
Net income from abroad > Current US$ per million: Net income from abroad (current US$). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Employment in industry > % of total employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water)."
Unemployment > Unemployment > Total > % of total labor force: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Personal remittances, received > % of GDP: Personal remittances, received (% of GDP). Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: personal transfers and compensation of employees.
Net income from abroad > Current LCU: Net income from abroad (current LCU). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current local currency.
Temporary employment share per million: Temporary employment, expressed as a percentage share of total dependent employment. Data for 2000. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Employment to population ratio, 15+, male > %: Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Vulnerable employment, total > % of total employment: Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment). Vulnerable employment is unpaid family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.
Labor participation rate > Total > % of total population ages 15+: Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Unemployment > Unemployment with primary education > Male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Unemployment > Unemployment with secondary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment rate > Female: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed."
Unemployment > Unemployment with primary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organisation (UNESCO)."
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Workers' remittances > Receipts > BoP > Current US$ per capita: Workers' remittances are current transfers by migrants who are employed or intend to remain employed for more than a year in another economy in which they are considered residents. Some developing countries classify workers' remittances as a factor income receipt (and thus as a component of GNI). The World Bank adheres to international guidelines in defining GNI, and its classification of workers' remittances may therefore differ from national practices. This item shows receipts by the reporting country. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Working time to buy > Bread: Number of minutes worked by average worker to buy bread.
Net income from abroad > Current US$, % of GDP: Net income from abroad (current US$). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
Net income from abroad > Constant LCU per million: Net income from abroad (constant LCU). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in constant local currency. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged 15 to 24: Employment-to-population ratio.
GNI growth > Annual %: GNI growth (annual %). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad.
GNI per capita > Current LCU: GNI per capita (current LCU). GNI per capita is gross national income divided by midyear population. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current local currency.
Unemployment, youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24: Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15-24). Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Long-term unemployment, male > % of male unemployment: Long-term unemployment, male (% of male unemployment). Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
Unemployment, female > % of female labor force: Unemployment, female (% of female labor force). Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Working time to buy > A television set: Hours worked by average worker to buy a television set. Indicative of the purchasing power of the currency of the country.
Economic activity > Men aged 65 plus: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Working time to buy > A refrigerator: Hours worked by average worker to buy a refrigerator. Indicative of the purchasing power of the currency of the country.
Unemployment > Male > % of male labor force: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Force with secondary education > % of total: Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Economic activity > Men aged 25-29: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Compensation of employees > % of expense: Compensation of employees consists of all payments in cash, as well as in kind (such as food and housing), to employees in return for services rendered, and government contributions to social insurance schemes such as social security and pensions that provide benefits to employees.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Range in regional unemployment rate > Small regions > Maximum: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.
The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Range in regional unemployment rate > Small regions > Minimum: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.
The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group.
Employment > Employment rates by gender > Employment rates > Men per million: Employment rates are calculated as the ratio of the employed to the working age population. To calculate this employment rate, the population of working age is divided into two groups: those who are employed and those who are not. Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week. Those not in employment consist of persons who are out of work but seeking employment, students and all others who have excluded themselves from the labour force for one reason or another, such as incapacity or the need to look after young children or elderly relatives.
Working age is generally defined as persons in the 15 to 64 age bracket although in some countries working age is defined as 16 to 64. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Employment > Part-time employment > Incidence of part-time employment per million: Part-time employment refers to persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week in their main job. Both employees and the self-employed may be part-time workers.
Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week. The rates shown here refer to the numbers of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week as a percentage of the total number of those in employment. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Employees > Industry > Female > % of female employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water)."
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Total per million: Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week.
Self-employed persons include employers, own-account workers, members of producers’ co-operatives, and unpaid family workers. The last of these are unpaid in the sense that they do not have a formal contract to receive a fixed amount of income at regular intervals, but they share in the income generated by the enterprise; unpaid family workers are particularly important in farming and retail trade. Note that all persons who work in corporate enterprises, including company directors, are considered to be employees.
The rates shown here are the percentages of the self-employed in total civilian employment i.e., total employment less military employees. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Women per million: Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week.
Self-employed persons include employers, own-account workers, members of producers’ co-operatives, and unpaid family workers. The last of these are unpaid in the sense that they do not have a formal contract to receive a fixed amount of income at regular intervals, but they share in the income generated by the enterprise; unpaid family workers are particularly important in farming and retail trade. Note that all persons who work in corporate enterprises, including company directors, are considered to be employees.
The rates shown here are the percentages of the self-employed in total civilian employment i.e., total employment less military employees. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Economic activity > Women aged 20-24: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Women aged 65 plus: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Unemployment with tertiary education > Male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Economic activity > Women aged 30-34: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment > Long-term unemployment per million: Long-term unemployment is conventionally defined either as those unemployed for 6 months or more or, as here, those unemployed for 12 months or more. The ratios calculated here show the proportion of these long-term unemployed among all unemployed.
Unemployment is defined in most OECD countries in accordance with the ILO Guidelines. Unemployment is usually measured by household labour force surveys and the unemployed are defined as those persons who report that they have worked in gainful employment for less than one hour in the previous week, who are available for work and who have taken actions to seek employment in the previous four weeks. The ILO Guidelines specify the kinds of actions that count as seeking work. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Unemployment > Total > % of total labor force: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Gini index of regional unemployment rates > Small regions: Unemployed persons are defined as those who report that they are without work, that they are available for work and that they have taken active steps to find work in the last four weeks preceding the survey. The ILO Guidelines specify what actions count as active steps to find work and these include answering vacancy notices, visiting factories, construction sites and other places of work, and placing advertisements in the press as well as registering with labour offices.
The unemployment rate is defined as the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force, where the latter consists of unemployed and employed persons.
When unemployment is high, some persons become discouraged and stop looking for work. They are then excluded from the labour force so that the unemployment rate may fall, or stop rising, even though there has been no underlying improvement in the labour market.
The Gini index offers an accurate picture of regional disparities. It looks not only at the regions with the highest and the lowest rates of unemployment but also at the differences among all regions. The index ranges between 0 and 1: the higher its value, the larger the regional disparities. Regional disparities tend to be underestimated when the size of regions is large.
The youth unemployment rate is defined as the ratio between the unemployed person aged between 15 and 24 and the labour force in the same age group.
Employment rate of lesser educated women: Employment rate of women aged 25-54, 2000, who are educated lesser than upper secondary level.
Unemployment > Female > % of female labor force: Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Long-term unemployment > Female > % of female unemployment: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
Unemployment and education > Upper secondary: Unemployment rates among people of all ages who are educated upto Upper Secondary levels. Data is for 2000.
Long-term unemployment > % of total unemployment: Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.
Unemployment with secondary education > Female > % of female unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Force participation rate > Female > % of female population ages 15-64: Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15-64 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.
Unemployment > Youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24: Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 40-44: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Women aged 50-54: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Women aged 55-59: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Unemployment with secondary education > Male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ > Per capita: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Net income from abroad > Current LCU per million: Net income from abroad (current LCU). Net income includes the net labor income and net property and entrepreneurial income components of the SNA. Labor income covers compensation of employees paid to nonresident workers. Property and entrepreneurial income covers investment income from the ownership of foreign financial claims (interest, dividends, rent, etc.) and nonfinancial property income (patents, copyrights, etc.). Data are in current local currency. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Employers, male > % of employment: Employers, male (% of employment). Employers refers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced), and, in this capacity, have engaged, on a continuous basis, one or more persons to work for them as employee(s).
One-person and family businesses > Women: Percentage of employed women who are self-employed without employees or contribute to a family-run business.
Workers' remittances > Receipts > BoP > Current US$: Workers' remittances are current transfers by migrants who are employed or intend to remain employed for more than a year in another economy in which they are considered residents. Some developing countries classify workers' remittances as a factor income receipt (and thus as a component of GNI). The World Bank adheres to international guidelines in defining GNI, and its classification of workers' remittances may therefore differ from national practices. This item shows receipts by the reporting country. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration.
Economic activity > Men aged 30-34: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Employment > Part-time employment > Incidence of part-time employment: Part-time employment refers to persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week in their main job. Both employees and the self-employed may be part-time workers.
Employment is generally measured through household labour force surveys and, according to the ILO Guidelines, employed persons are defined as those aged 15 or over who report that they have worked in gainful employment for at least one hour in the previous week. The rates shown here refer to the numbers of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week as a percentage of the total number of those in employment.
One-person businesses > Men > Aged above 14: Percentage of employed men older than 14 years who are self-employed without employees.
One-person and family businesses > Men: Percentage of employed men who are self-employed without employees or contribute to a family-run business.
Unemployment > Unemployed youths per unemployed adult > Women > Aged 15 to 24: Ratio of youth unemployment rate to adult unemployment rate.
Unemployment > Unemployed youths per unemployed adult > Men > Aged 15 to 24: Ratio of youth unemployment rate to adult unemployment rate.
Employment > Working more than 40 hours per week > Women > Aged above 14: Percentage of females above the age of 14 in employment, who work more than 40 hours per week.
GNI > Current LCU per capita: GNI (current LCU). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current local currency. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Economic activity > Men aged 40-44: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ > Per $ GDP: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. WorkersÂ’ remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers who are residents of the host country to recipients in their country of origin. They include only transfers made by workers who have been living in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. MigrantsÂ’ transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1,000 $ gross domestic product.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 50-54: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Economic activity > Men aged 50-54: Economically active population ("usually active" or "currently active" (currently active is also known as "the labour force")) comprises all persons of either sex above a specified age who furnish the supply of labour for the production of economic goods
Workers' remittances > Receipts > BoP > Current US$ > Per $ GDP: Workers' remittances are current transfers by migrants who are employed or intend to remain employed for more than a year in another economy in which they are considered residents. Some developing countries classify workers' remittances as a factor income receipt (and thus as a component of GNI). The World Bank adheres to international guidelines in defining GNI, and its classification of workers' remittances may therefore differ from national practices. This item shows receipts by the reporting country. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 million $ gross domestic product.
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male > %: Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
Employment to population ratio, 15+, female > %: Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Employment > Working more than 40 hours per week > Men > Aged above 14: Percentage of males above the age of 14 in employment, who work more than 40 hours per week.
Employees, agriculture, male > % of male employment: Employees, agriculture, male (% of male employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing.
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total > %: Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.
Employment to population ratio, 15+, total > %: Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%). Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Vulnerable employment, female > % of female employment: Vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment). Vulnerable employment is unpaid family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.
Vulnerable employment, male > % of male employment: Vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment). Vulnerable employment is unpaid family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.
Wage and salaried workers, female > % of females employed: Wage and salaried workers, female (% of females employed). Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.
Wage and salary workers, male > % of males employed: Wage and salary workers, male (% of males employed). Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.
Contributing family workers, female > % of females employed: Contributing family workers, female (% of females employed). Contributing family workers are those workers who hold u2018self-employment jobsu2019 as own-account workers in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.
Contributing family workers, male > % of males employed: Contributing family workers, male (% of males employed). Contributing family workers are those workers who hold "self-employment jobs" as own-account workers in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.
Contributing family workers, total > % of total employed: Contributing family workers, total (% of total employed). Contributing family workers are those workers who hold "self-employment jobs" as own-account workers in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.
Employees, services, female > % of female employment: Employees, services, female (% of female employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services.
Employees, services, male > % of male employment: Employees, services, male (% of male employment). Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services.
Part time employment, female > % of total part time employment: Part time employment, female (% of total part time employment). Part time employment refers to regular employment in which working time is substantially less than normal. Definitions of part time employment differ by country.
Unemployment, male > % of male labor force: Unemployment, male (% of male labor force). Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Unemployment, total > % of total labor force: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force). Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.
Employees > Services > Female > % of female employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services."
Employees > Agriculture > Male > % of male employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing."
Employees > Agriculture > Female > % of female employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing."
Employment in agriculture > % of total employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing."
Employment in services > % of total employment: Employees are people who work for a public or private employer and receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in kind. Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services."

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STAT	Austria	Switzerland
Agricultural workers > Male	6% Ranked 58th. 20% more than Switzerland	5% Ranked 63th.
Employment rate > Adults	54.5 Ranked 106th.	61.2 Ranked 60th. 12% more than Austria
Expense > Current LCU	115.91 billion Ranked 62nd. 25% more than Switzerland	92.62 billion Ranked 71st.
GNI > Current US$	$392.27 billion Ranked 26th.	$652.64 billion Ranked 20th. 66% more than Austria
Hours worked > Standard workweek	40 hours Ranked 102nd.	50 hours Ranked 4th. 25% more than Austria
Labor force	3.7 million Ranked 76th.	4.62 million Ranked 66th. 25% more than Austria
Labor force > By occupation	agriculture and forestry 4%, industry and crafts 29%, services 67%	agriculture 4.6%, industry 26.3%, services 69.1%
Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture	5.5% Ranked 10th. 62% more than Switzerland	3.4% Ranked 19th.
Labor force > By occupation > Industry	27.5% Ranked 7th. 18% more than Switzerland	23.4% Ranked 9th.
Labor force > By occupation > Services	67% Ranked 6th.	73.2% Ranked 4th. 9% more than Austria
Labor force, total	4.41 million Ranked 89th.	4.64 million Ranked 84th. 5% more than Austria
Rigidity of employment index	37 Ranked 82nd. 61% more than Switzerland	23 Ranked 128th.
Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage	None; instead, nationwide collective bargaining agreements set minimum wages by job classification for each industry and provide for a minimum wage of \u20ac 1,000 per month\u2014Wages where no such collective agreements exist, such as for domestic workers, janitorial staff, and au pairs, are regulated in pertinent law and are generally lower than those covered by collective bargaining.	None; however, a majority of the voluntary collective bargaining agreements, reached on a sector-by-sector basis, contained minimum compensation clauses, which provided for compensation ranging from 2,200 to 4,200 francs ($2,363 to $4,511) per month for unskilled workers and 2,800 to 5,300 francs ($3,010 to $5,693) per month for skilled employees.
Trade union membership	37% Ranked 7th. 68% more than Switzerland	22% Ranked 16th.
Unemployment rate	4.5% Ranked 79th. 15% more than Switzerland	3.9% Ranked 81st.
Strikes	2 Ranked 26th. The same as Switzerland	2 Ranked 25th.
Female doctors	33.1% Ranked 9th. 14% more than Switzerland	29.1% Ranked 13th.
Labor force per 1000	441.01 Ranked 68th.	590.42 Ranked 9th. 34% more than Austria
GNI > Current US$ per capita	$46,354.48 Ranked 13th.	$81,608.82 Ranked 3rd. 76% more than Austria
Male retirement age	65 Ranked 14th. The same as Switzerland	65 Ranked 2nd.
Female retirement age	60 Ranked 22nd.	64 Ranked 3rd. 7% more than Austria
Labor force, total per 1000	520.61 Ranked 33th.	580.27 Ranked 12th. 11% more than Austria
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Both sexes	58.7% Ranked 32nd.	65.2% Ranked 11th. 11% more than Austria
Firing cost > Weeks of wages	56.3 weeks of wages Ranked 54th. 4 times more than Switzerland	13 weeks of wages Ranked 140th.
GNI per capita > Constant LCU	31,896.56 Ranked 56th.	70,815.43 Ranked 39th. 2 times more than Austria
Expense > Current LCU per capita	13,760.51 Ranked 55th. 14% more than Switzerland	12,110.77 Ranked 63th.
Employment rate > Women	47.3 Ranked 79th.	53.6 Ranked 46th. 13% more than Austria
Labor force > Total	4.29 million Ranked 80th.	4.39 million Ranked 78th. 2% more than Austria
Industrial workers > Male	43% Ranked 6th. 19% more than Switzerland	36% Ranked 23th.
Employment rate > Men	62.5 Ranked 123th.	69.4 Ranked 86th. 11% more than Austria
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men	65.3% Ranked 33th.	72.7% Ranked 12th. 11% more than Austria
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Men	65.3% Ranked 33th.	72.7% Ranked 12th. 11% more than Austria
Compensation of employees > Current LCU	12297490000	6050122000
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment rate	24.2 Ranked 24th.	34.3 Ranked 17th. 42% more than Austria
Force > Total	3.98 million Ranked 83th.	4.19 million Ranked 78th. 5% more than Austria
Force > Total > Per capita	0.483 per capita Ranked 52nd.	0.564 per capita Ranked 6th. 17% more than Austria
Female decision makers	28% Ranked 32nd. 27% more than Switzerland	22% Ranked 54th.
Agricultural workers > Female	7% Ranked 34th. 75% more than Switzerland	4% Ranked 46th.
Employment > Percent of population are employees > Women	89.1% Ranked 24th. 3% more than Switzerland	86.6% Ranked 30th.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Industry > Men > Aged above 14	39.6% Ranked 10th. 22% more than Switzerland	32.4% Ranked 34th.
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, both sexes	8.3% Ranked 63th. 8% more than Switzerland	7.7% Ranked 66th.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > National unemployment rate	4.75% Ranked 18th. 23% more than Switzerland	3.87% Ranked 24th.
GNI > Current LCU	305.11 billion Ranked 106th.	611.98 billion Ranked 91st. Twice as much as Austria
Unemployment	4.9% Ranked 12th. 2 times more than Switzerland	2% Ranked 18th.
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Women	12.26% Ranked 12th. 8% more than Switzerland	11.37% Ranked 13th.
Female economic activity	43.9% Ranked 109th.	50.7% Ranked 82nd. 15% more than Austria
Self employed > One-person and family businesses > Women	8.6% Ranked 29th.	10% Ranked 25th. 16% more than Austria
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women	52.5% Ranked 25th.	58.1% Ranked 13th. 11% more than Austria
Labor force participation > Employment to population ratio > Women	52.5% Ranked 25th.	58.1% Ranked 13th. 11% more than Austria
Labor force > Per capita	434.89 per 1,000 people Ranked 91st.	587.3 per 1,000 people Ranked 8th. 35% more than Austria
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 30-34	83.71% Ranked 85th. About the same as Switzerland	83.3% Ranked 89th.
Industrial workers > Female	14% Ranked 39th. 8% more than Switzerland	13% Ranked 44th.
Work Time > More than 40 hours	57.6% Ranked 7th.	66.9% Ranked 3rd. 16% more than Austria
Employment rate > Young adults	52.8 Ranked 38th.	63.1 Ranked 15th. 20% more than Austria
Female professionals	49% Ranked 40th. 17% more than Switzerland	42% Ranked 56th.
Net income from abroad > Current US$	$-2,435,572,126.51 Ranked 121st.	$21.47 billion Ranked 5th.
Unemployment gender ratio	97% Ranked 20th.	136% Ranked 11th. 40% more than Austria
Part time employment rate > Men > Aged above 14	4.8% Ranked 21st.	8% Ranked 10th. 67% more than Austria
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ per capita	309.07$ Ranked 12th.	1,774.88$ Ranked 2nd. 6 times more than Austria
Employment > Employment rates by gender > Employment rates > Men	78.45% Ranked 10th.	85.56% Ranked 2nd. 9% more than Austria
Rigidity of employment index > 0=less rigid to 100=more rigid	24 Ranked 87th. 3 times more than Switzerland	7 Ranked 150th.
Employment > Percent of population are employees > Men	84.8% Ranked 13th. 4% more than Switzerland	81.9% Ranked 26th.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Agriculture > Men > Aged above 14	5.5% Ranked 48th. 17% more than Switzerland	4.7% Ranked 53th.
Service workers > Male	52% Ranked 36th.	59% Ranked 21st. 13% more than Austria
Female economic activity growth	2% Ranked 81st.	3% Ranked 76th. 50% more than Austria
Self employed > One-person and family businesses > Men	9.1% Ranked 36th. 2% more than Switzerland	8.9% Ranked 39th.
Employment rate > Young men	57.7 Ranked 42nd.	64 Ranked 26th. 11% more than Austria
Employment rate > Young women	47.7 Ranked 37th.	62 Ranked 16th. 30% more than Austria
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ > Per capita	308,867.65$ per 1,000 people Ranked 14th.	1.77 million$ per 1,000 people Ranked 2nd. 6 times more than Austria
Unemployment > Unemployment rates > Unemployment rates > Total	4.4% Ranked 19th. 22% more than Switzerland	3.6% Ranked 26th.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 65 plus	1.26% Ranked 161st.	4.77% Ranked 149th. 4 times more than Austria
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Total	14.39% Ranked 12th. 25% more than Switzerland	11.55% Ranked 23th.
GDP per person employed > Constant 1990 PPP $	$48,121.00 Ranked 13th. 13% more than Switzerland	$42,707.00 Ranked 21st.
GNI per capita > Constant 2000 US$	$39,666.41 Ranked 9th.	$56,871.64 Ranked 2nd. 43% more than Austria
GNI > Constant LCU	269.92 billion Ranked 70th.	566.32 billion Ranked 59th. 2 times more than Austria
GNI > Constant LCU per capita	31,896.56 Ranked 56th.	70,815.43 Ranked 39th. 2 times more than Austria
Service workers > Female	79% Ranked 36th.	83% Ranked 22nd. 5% more than Austria
Long term unemployment	1.3% Ranked 17th. 2 times more than Switzerland	0.6% Ranked 23th.
Part time employment rate > Women > Aged above 14	29.6% Ranked 12th.	45.8% Ranked 2nd. 55% more than Austria
Employment > Percent of population are employers > Women	2.4% Ranked 29th.	3.3% Ranked 17th. 38% more than Austria
Employment > Employment share by sector > Agriculture > Women > Aged above 14	5.6% Ranked 30th. Twice as much as Switzerland	2.8% Ranked 45th.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged above 14	62.7% Ranked 136th.	72.3% Ranked 86th. 15% more than Austria
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged 15 to 24	44.3% Ranked 45th.	62.4% Ranked 15th. 41% more than Austria
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, women aged above 14	47.9% Ranked 88th.	58.1% Ranked 33th. 21% more than Austria
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, male	7.9% Ranked 62nd. 4% more than Switzerland	7.6% Ranked 63th.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 45-49	80.2% Ranked 92nd.	86.42% Ranked 54th. 8% more than Austria
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$ > Per $ GDP	8.31$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 52nd.	35.96$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 14th. 4 times more than Austria
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Paid > US$	2.54 billion$ Ranked 18th.	13.2 billion$ Ranked 3rd. 5 times more than Austria
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > National unemployment rate per million	0.568% Ranked 15th. 14% more than Switzerland	0.5% Ranked 16th.
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment > Long-term unemployment	26.84% Ranked 18th.	40.78% Ranked 11th. 52% more than Austria
Foreign labor force	10.5% Ranked 6th.	18.3% Ranked 4th. 74% more than Austria
Employment > Percent of population are employers > Men	6.6% Ranked 29th.	9% Ranked 13th. 36% more than Austria
Employment > Employment share by sector > Industry > Women > Aged above 14	12.9% Ranked 36th. 14% more than Switzerland	11.3% Ranked 48th.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Services > Men > Aged above 14	54.7% Ranked 34th.	62.8% Ranked 16th. 15% more than Austria
Working time to buy > A car	1,672 hours Ranked 3rd. 3 times more than Switzerland	614 hours Ranked 16th.
Technicians in RandD > Per million people	1,254.15 per million people Ranked 6th.	2,318.8 per million people Ranked 2nd. 85% more than Austria
Working time to buy > Milk	5 minutes Ranked 7th. 67% more than Switzerland	3 minutes Ranked 13th.
Working time to buy > Chicken	22 minutes Ranked 8th. The same as Switzerland	22 minutes Ranked 9th.
Economic activity > Men aged 35-39	97.75% Ranked 66th.	98.55% Ranked 17th. 1% more than Austria
Economic activity > Men aged 20-24	73.3% Ranked 161st.	81.91% Ranked 104th. 12% more than Austria
Economic activity > Women aged 40-44	70.59% Ranked 84th.	74.5% Ranked 73th. 6% more than Austria
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 15-19	41.71% Ranked 69th.	45.23% Ranked 58th. 8% more than Austria
Economic activity > Men aged 15-19	44.3% Ranked 84th.	48.04% Ranked 76th. 8% more than Austria
Minimum Age Convention > 1973 > Ratifications > Minimum age	15 Ranked 55th. The same as Switzerland	15 Ranked 47th.
Employment rate of highly educated women	86.5% Ranked 6th. 1% more than Switzerland	85.6% Ranked 8th.
Unemployment and education > Tertiary	1.6% Ranked 17th. 23% more than Switzerland	1.3% Ranked 18th.
Researchers in labor force	34 per 10000 people Ranked 17th.	55 per 10000 people Ranked 12th. 62% more than Austria
Force participation rate > Male > % of male population ages 15-64	77.37% Ranked 132nd.	87.61% Ranked 30th. 13% more than Austria
Wage and salaried workers, total > % of total employed	86.7% Ranked 15th. 2% more than Switzerland	84.7% Ranked 21st.
Employees, industry, female > % of female employment	12.7% Ranked 31st. 34% more than Switzerland	9.5% Ranked 39th.
Employees, industry, male > % of male employment	37.9% Ranked 10th. 29% more than Switzerland	29.4% Ranked 33th.
Unemployment, youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24	8.8% Ranked 68th. The same as Switzerland	8.8% Ranked 67th.
Unemployment, youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24	8.7% Ranked 68th. 4% more than Switzerland	8.4% Ranked 70th.
Long-term unemployment, female > % of female unemployment	1% Ranked 45th.	1.6% Ranked 36th. 60% more than Austria
Force with primary education > % of total	20.3% Ranked 22nd. 31% more than Switzerland	15.5% Ranked 32nd.
Self-employed, total > % of total employed	13.3% Ranked 53th.	15.3% Ranked 47th. 15% more than Austria
Force > Total per 1000	483.64 Ranked 50th.	563.72 Ranked 8th. 17% more than Austria
Labor force with secondary education > Male > % of male labor force	64.1% Ranked 8th. 29% more than Switzerland	49.8% Ranked 18th.
Labor force with primary education > Female > % of female labor force	22.4% Ranked 28th. 37% more than Switzerland	16.4% Ranked 39th.
Self-employed, male > % of males employed	15.5% Ranked 51st.	17.1% Ranked 50th. 10% more than Austria
Self-employed, female > % of females employed	10.7% Ranked 43th.	13.1% Ranked 35th. 22% more than Austria
Employers, total > % of employment	4.7% Ranked 19th.	6.2% Ranked 6th. 32% more than Austria
Employers, female > % of employment	2.5% Ranked 21st.	3.3% Ranked 8th. 32% more than Austria
Force participation rate > Total > % of total population ages 15-64	70.64% Ranked 84th.	81.38% Ranked 16th. 15% more than Austria
Labor force with primary education > % of total	18.9% Ranked 36th. 23% more than Switzerland	15.4% Ranked 43th.
Force with tertiary education > % of total	14.9% Ranked 31st.	24.2% Ranked 18th. 62% more than Austria
Labor force with secondary education > % of total	62.8% Ranked 8th. 15% more than Switzerland	54.8% Ranked 17th.
Labor force with primary education > Male > % of male labor force	15.9% Ranked 42nd. 10% more than Switzerland	14.5% Ranked 44th.
Labor force with secondary education > Female > % of female labor force	61.3% Ranked 5th. 1% more than Switzerland	60.8% Ranked 7th.
Labor force with tertiary education > % of total	17.7% Ranked 41st.	29.7% Ranked 20th. 68% more than Austria
Economic activity > Women aged 45-49	64.81% Ranked 89th.	73.85% Ranked 65th. 14% more than Austria
Employment rate > Source / date of > Information	2003 OECD .	2003 OECD .
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ per capita	357.45$ Ranked 11th. 39% more than Switzerland	256.82$ Ranked 21st.
Working time to buy > Beef	61 minutes Ranked 9th.	102 minutes Ranked 2nd. 67% more than Austria
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 55-59	40.87% Ranked 158th.	75.04% Ranked 42nd. 84% more than Austria
One-person and family businesses > Men > Percentage	9.1% Ranked 36th. 2% more than Switzerland	8.9% Ranked 39th.
Unemployment benefit as % of GDP	0.9% of GDP Ranked 13th.	1% of GDP Ranked 12th. 11% more than Austria
Temporary employment share	7.9% Ranked 19th.	11.4% Ranked 13th. 44% more than Austria
Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention > Ratifications > Date	November 10, 1951	August 17, 1999
Employees, agriculture, female > % of female employment	4.5% Ranked 33th. 55% more than Switzerland	2.9% Ranked 38th.
Workers' remittances > Receipts > BoP > Current US$ > Per capita	97,377.77 BoP $ per 1,000 people Ranked 29th. 4 times more than Switzerland	27,165.79 BoP $ per 1,000 people Ranked 52nd.
Economic activity > Women aged 25-29	72.31% Ranked 73th.	75.88% Ranked 61st. 5% more than Austria
Economic activity > Men aged 60-64	11.48% Ranked 164th.	78.01% Ranked 58th. 7 times more than Austria
Economic activity > Men aged 55-59	59.52% Ranked 158th.	94.54% Ranked 15th. 59% more than Austria
Economic activity > Men aged 45-49	95.17% Ranked 108th.	98.28% Ranked 13th. 3% more than Austria
Net income from abroad > Constant LCU	-1,675,585,581.678 Ranked 35th.	18.62 billion Ranked 13th.
Part time employment, male > % of total male employment	6.9% Ranked 33th.	9.6% Ranked 21st. 39% more than Austria
Part time employment, total > % of total employment	19.1% Ranked 17th.	26% Ranked 2nd. 36% more than Austria
Unemployment > Unemployment rates > Unemployment rates > Total per million	0.526% Ranked 14th. 13% more than Switzerland	0.465% Ranked 16th.
Subsidies and other transfers > % of expense	69.59% Ranked 13th.	82.62% Ranked 1st. 19% more than Austria
Expense > % of GDP	38.74% Ranked 22nd. 2 times more than Switzerland	16.31% Ranked 96th.
GNI > Current US$, % of GDP	98.15% Ranked 79th.	103.23% Ranked 20th. 5% more than Austria
Unemployment > Youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24	10.7% Ranked 46th. 26% more than Switzerland	8.5% Ranked 52nd.
Long-term unemployment > Male > % of male unemployment	25% Ranked 19th. 16% more than Switzerland	21.6% Ranked 22nd.
Part time > Part time employment rate > Men	4.8% Ranked 21st.	8% Ranked 10th. 67% more than Austria
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 35-39	84.8% Ranked 83th.	85.35% Ranked 78th. 1% more than Austria
Economic activity > Women aged 60-64	4.06% Ranked 161st.	24.65% Ranked 88th. 6 times more than Austria
Economic activity > Women aged 35-39	70.31% Ranked 86th.	70.62% Ranked 84th. About the same as Austria
Part time > Part time employment rate > Women	29.6% Ranked 12th.	45.8% Ranked 2nd. 55% more than Austria
Employment > Underemployment > Working less than 20 hours per week > Men > Aged above 14	2.6% Ranked 19th.	5.2% Ranked 8th. Twice as much as Austria
Employment > Underemployment > Working less than 20 hours per week > Women > Aged above 14	11.8% Ranked 12th.	26.8% Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Austria
Unemployment > Youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24	10.3% Ranked 44th. 16% more than Switzerland	8.9% Ranked 48th.
Force > Female > % of total labor force	44.61% Ranked 64th.	46.65% Ranked 35th. 5% more than Austria
Unemployment > Youth unemployment, female	8.8% Ranked 59th. 11% more than Switzerland	7.9% Ranked 62nd.
Working time to buy > Fish	95 minutes Ranked 1st. 48% more than Switzerland	64 minutes Ranked 6th.
Employment > Employment share by sector > Services > Women > Aged above 14	81.3% Ranked 35th.	85.7% Ranked 18th. 5% more than Austria
Unemployment with tertiary education > Female > % of female unemployment	7.4% Ranked 51st.	13.5% Ranked 20th. 82% more than Austria
Minimum Age Convention > 1973 > Ratifications > Date	September 18, 2000	August 17, 1999
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > Male > % of male unemployment	9.8% Ranked 48th.	22.1% Ranked 15th. 2 times more than Austria
Economic activity > Women aged 15-19	38.93% Ranked 55th.	42.29% Ranked 51st. 9% more than Austria
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 20-24	72.44% Ranked 92nd.	81.01% Ranked 29th. 12% more than Austria
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 25-29	81.02% Ranked 90th.	84.67% Ranked 62nd. 5% more than Austria
Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector > % of total nonagricultural employment	46.3% Ranked 40th.	46.8% Ranked 36th. 1% more than Austria
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 60-64	7.6% Ranked 165th.	50.6% Ranked 77th. 7 times more than Austria
Labor force > Female > % of total labor force	45.52% Ranked 64th.	46.49% Ranked 49th. 2% more than Austria
Net income from abroad > Current US$ per million	$-287,809,473.35 Ranked 124th.	$2.68 billion Ranked 2nd.
Employment in industry > % of total employment	26% Ranked 14th. 9% more than Switzerland	23.8% Ranked 34th.
Unemployment > Unemployment > Total > % of total labor force	3.8% Ranked 58th. 12% more than Switzerland	3.4% Ranked 60th.
Personal remittances, received > % of GDP	0.698% Ranked 93th. 45% more than Switzerland	0.482% Ranked 99th.
Net income from abroad > Current LCU	-1,894,388,000 Ranked 69th.	20.13 billion Ranked 15th.
Temporary employment share per million	0.986% Ranked 11th.	1.59% Ranked 8th. 61% more than Austria
Employment to population ratio, 15+, male > %	64.8% Ranked 116th.	72.4% Ranked 74th. 12% more than Austria
Vulnerable employment, total > % of total employment	8.6% Ranked 51st.	9.1% Ranked 48th. 6% more than Austria
Labor participation rate > Total > % of total population ages 15+	60.7% Ranked 118th.	67.9% Ranked 58th. 12% more than Austria
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment	10% Ranked 53th.	17.9% Ranked 32nd. 79% more than Austria
Unemployment > Unemployment with primary education > Male > % of male unemployment	36.3% Ranked 35th. 23% more than Switzerland	29.4% Ranked 46th.
Unemployment > Unemployment with secondary education > Female > % of female unemployment	50.4% Ranked 20th.	56.8% Ranked 14th. 13% more than Austria
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment rate > Female	22.6 Ranked 22nd.	39.9 Ranked 12th. 77% more than Austria
Unemployment > Unemployment with primary education > Female > % of female unemployment	39.5% Ranked 21st. 39% more than Switzerland	28.4% Ranked 38th.
Unemployment > Unemployment with tertiary education > Female > % of female unemployment	10.1% Ranked 54th.	14.8% Ranked 43th. 47% more than Austria
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24	8.2% Ranked 31st. 11% more than Switzerland	7.4% Ranked 33th.
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth total > % of total labor force ages 15-24	8% Ranked 29th. 14% more than Switzerland	7% Ranked 33th.
Unemployment > Unemployment > Youth male > % of male labor force ages 15-24	7.9% Ranked 32nd. 18% more than Switzerland	6.7% Ranked 34th.
Workers' remittances > Receipts > BoP > Current US$ per capita	97.44 BoP $ Ranked 29th. 4 times more than Switzerland	27.17 BoP $ Ranked 51st.
Working time to buy > Bread	13 minutes Ranked 3rd. 86% more than Switzerland	7 minutes Ranked 13th.
Net income from abroad > Current US$, % of GDP	-0.609% Ranked 49th.	3.4% Ranked 11th.
Net income from abroad > Constant LCU per million	-198,002,513.892 Ranked 40th.	2.33 billion Ranked 8th.
Labor force participation rate > Employment-population ratio, men aged 15 to 24	54.6% Ranked 66th.	64.5% Ranked 22nd. 18% more than Austria
GNI growth > Annual %	0.935% Ranked 79th.	3.55% Ranked 55th. 4 times more than Austria
GNI per capita > Current LCU	36,054.52 Ranked 102nd.	76,524.59 Ranked 79th. 2 times more than Austria
Unemployment, youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24	8.7% Ranked 64th. 7% more than Switzerland	8.1% Ranked 66th.
Long-term unemployment, male > % of male unemployment	1.1% Ranked 45th.	1.3% Ranked 41st. 18% more than Austria
Unemployment, female > % of female labor force	4.3% Ranked 70th.	4.5% Ranked 69th. 5% more than Austria
Working time to buy > A television set	42 hours Ranked 4th. 91% more than Switzerland	22 hours Ranked 10th.
Economic activity > Men aged 65 plus	1.94% Ranked 159th.	7.72% Ranked 148th. 4 times more than Austria
Working time to buy > A refrigerator	38 hours Ranked 6th. 3 times more than Switzerland	14 hours Ranked 15th.
Unemployment > Male > % of male labor force	4.5% Ranked 64th. 15% more than Switzerland	3.9% Ranked 65th.
Force with secondary education > % of total	64.8% Ranked 5th. 8% more than Switzerland	59.8% Ranked 9th.
Economic activity > Men aged 25-29	88.91% Ranked 163th.	93.28% Ranked 135th. 5% more than Austria
Compensation of employees > % of expense	11.87% Ranked 61st. 62% more than Switzerland	7.34% Ranked 89th.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Range in regional unemployment rate > Small regions > Maximum	8.78% Ranked 18th. 38% more than Switzerland	6.36% Ranked 22nd.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Range in regional unemployment rate > Small regions > Minimum	2.36% Ranked 22nd. 57% more than Switzerland	1.5% Ranked 26th.
Employment > Employment rates by gender > Employment rates > Men per million	9.38% Ranked 10th.	11.05% Ranked 9th. 18% more than Austria
Employment > Part-time employment > Incidence of part-time employment per million	1.46% Ranked 12th.	3.15% Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Austria
Employees > Industry > Female > % of female employment	12.4% Ranked 14th. 7% more than Switzerland	11.6% Ranked 43th.
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Total per million	1.72% Ranked 9th. 15% more than Switzerland	1.49% Ranked 13th.
Employment > Self-employment > Self-employment rates > Women per million	1.47% Ranked 9th.	1.47% Ranked 8th. About the same as Austria
Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment	7% Ranked 55th.	16.9% Ranked 17th. 2 times more than Austria
Economic activity > Women aged 20-24	71.49% Ranked 55th.	80.1% Ranked 18th. 12% more than Austria
Economic activity > Women aged 65 plus	0.84% Ranked 159th.	2.75% Ranked 142nd. 3 times more than Austria
Unemployment with tertiary education > Male > % of male unemployment	6.5% Ranked 47th.	24.4% Ranked 7th. 4 times more than Austria
Economic activity > Women aged 30-34	69.43% Ranked 87th. 2% more than Switzerland	67.84% Ranked 93th.
Unemployment > Long-term unemployment > Long-term unemployment per million	3.21% Ranked 13th.	5.27% Ranked 5th. 64% more than Austria
Unemployment > Total > % of total labor force	4.9% Ranked 59th. 14% more than Switzerland	4.3% Ranked 67th.
Unemployment > Regional unemployment > Gini index of regional unemployment rates > Small regions	0.141 Year 2006 Ranked 20th.	0.183 Year 2006 Ranked 14th. 30% more than Austria
Employment rate of lesser educated women	61.6% Ranked 7th.	70.3% Ranked 1st. 14% more than Austria
Unemployment > Female > % of female labor force	5.4% Ranked 59th. 13% more than Switzerland	4.8% Ranked 61st.
Long-term unemployment > Female > % of female unemployment	23.9% Ranked 18th.	32.6% Ranked 13th. 36% more than Austria
Unemployment and education > Upper secondary	3% Ranked 14th. 50% more than Switzerland	2% Ranked 18th.
Long-term unemployment > % of total unemployment	24.5% Ranked 18th.	27% Ranked 16th. 10% more than Austria
Unemployment with secondary education > Female > % of female unemployment	56.6% Ranked 16th. 1% more than Switzerland	56.2% Ranked 14th.
Force participation rate > Female > % of female population ages 15-64	63.77% Ranked 61st.	75.29% Ranked 18th. 18% more than Austria
Unemployment > Youth female > % of female labor force ages 15-24	9.8% Ranked 46th. 5% more than Switzerland	9.3% Ranked 48th.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 40-44	83.57% Ranked 86th.	87.19% Ranked 68th. 4% more than Austria
Economic activity > Women aged 50-54	56.83% Ranked 91st.	67.26% Ranked 67th. 18% more than Austria
Economic activity > Women aged 55-59	23.16% Ranked 138th.	55.35% Ranked 54th. 2 times more than Austria
Unemployment with secondary education > Male > % of male unemployment	54.5% Ranked 19th. 9% more than Switzerland	50% Ranked 18th.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ > Per capita	357.21$ per capita Ranked 12th. 39% more than Switzerland	256.82$ per capita Ranked 21st.
Net income from abroad > Current LCU per million	-223,858,208.371 Ranked 57th.	2.52 billion Ranked 15th.
Employers, male > % of employment	6.7% Ranked 14th.	8.6% Ranked 4th. 28% more than Austria
One-person and family businesses > Women	8.6% Ranked 29th.	10% Ranked 25th. 16% more than Austria
Workers' remittances > Receipts > BoP > Current US$	801.74 million BoP $ Ranked 38th. 4 times more than Switzerland	202.03 million BoP $ Ranked 55th.
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$	2.94 billion$ Ranked 25th. 54% more than Switzerland	1.91 billion$ Ranked 37th.
Economic activity > Men aged 30-34	96.51% Ranked 126th.	97.72% Ranked 45th. 1% more than Austria
Employment > Part-time employment > Incidence of part-time employment	12.18% Ranked 21st.	24.37% Ranked 2nd. Twice as much as Austria
One-person businesses > Men > Aged above 14	7.6% Ranked 48th.	7.8% Ranked 46th. 3% more than Austria
One-person and family businesses > Men	9.1% Ranked 36th. 2% more than Switzerland	8.9% Ranked 39th.
Unemployment > Unemployed youths per unemployed adult > Women > Aged 15 to 24	2.1 ratio Ranked 52nd. The same as Switzerland	2.1 ratio Ranked 50th.
Unemployment > Unemployed youths per unemployed adult > Men > Aged 15 to 24	2.7 Ranked 38th. The same as Switzerland	2.7 Ranked 36th.
Employment > Working more than 40 hours per week > Women > Aged above 14	44.1% Ranked 15th. 9% more than Switzerland	40.6% Ranked 18th.
GNI > Current LCU per capita	36,054.52 Ranked 102nd.	76,524.59 Ranked 79th. 2 times more than Austria
Economic activity > Men aged 40-44	95.54% Ranked 138th.	98.62% Ranked 7th. 3% more than Austria
Workers' remittances and compensation of employees > Received > US$ > Per $ GDP	9.61$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 89th. 85% more than Switzerland	5.2$ per $1,000 of GDP Ranked 111th.
Economic activity > Both sexes aged 50-54	73.36% Ranked 97th.	82.55% Ranked 47th. 13% more than Austria
Economic activity > Men aged 50-54	89.88% Ranked 124th.	97.39% Ranked 6th. 8% more than Austria
Workers' remittances > Receipts > BoP > Current US$ > Per $ GDP	2.62 BoP $ per $1 million of Ranked 64th. 5 times more than Switzerland	0.55 BoP $ per $1 million of Ranked 78th.
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male > %	58.7% Ranked 29th.	62.7% Ranked 19th. 7% more than Austria
Employment to population ratio, 15+, female > %	52.2% Ranked 65th.	58.5% Ranked 43th. 12% more than Austria
Employment > Working more than 40 hours per week > Men > Aged above 14	72.6% Ranked 17th.	85.8% Ranked 8th. 18% more than Austria
Employees, agriculture, male > % of male employment	5.3% Ranked 41st. 33% more than Switzerland	4% Ranked 46th.
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total > %	54.6% Ranked 30th.	61.6% Ranked 14th. 13% more than Austria
Employment to population ratio, 15+, total > %	58.3% Ranked 91st.	65.3% Ranked 47th. 12% more than Austria
Vulnerable employment, female > % of female employment	8.3% Ranked 41st.	9.8% Ranked 36th. 18% more than Austria
Vulnerable employment, male > % of male employment	8.8% Ranked 51st. 4% more than Switzerland	8.5% Ranked 54th.
Wage and salaried workers, female > % of females employed	89.2% Ranked 24th. 3% more than Switzerland	86.9% Ranked 31st.
Wage and salary workers, male > % of males employed	84.5% Ranked 14th. 2% more than Switzerland	82.9% Ranked 17th.
Contributing family workers, female > % of females employed	2.1% Ranked 30th.	2.7% Ranked 26th. 29% more than Austria
Contributing family workers, male > % of males employed	1.8% Ranked 23th. 20% more than Switzerland	1.5% Ranked 25th.
Contributing family workers, total > % of total employed	2% Ranked 29th. The same as Switzerland	2% Ranked 28th.
Employees, services, female > % of female employment	82.8% Ranked 29th.	83.4% Ranked 26th. 1% more than Austria
Employees, services, male > % of male employment	56.9% Ranked 28th.	63.4% Ranked 19th. 11% more than Austria
Part time employment, female > % of total part time employment	80.6% Ranked 1st. 1% more than Switzerland	80% Ranked 4th.
Unemployment, male > % of male labor force	4.3% Ranked 65th. 10% more than Switzerland	3.9% Ranked 68th.
Unemployment, total > % of total labor force	4.3% Ranked 70th. 2% more than Switzerland	4.2% Ranked 71st.
Employees > Services > Female > % of female employment	81.8% Ranked 16th.	85.6% Ranked 25th. 5% more than Austria
Employees > Agriculture > Male > % of male employment	5.5% Ranked 15th. 15% more than Switzerland	4.8% Ranked 48th.
Employees > Agriculture > Female > % of female employment	5.6% Ranked 9th. Twice as much as Switzerland	2.8% Ranked 41st.
Employment in agriculture > % of total employment	5.6% Ranked 10th. 44% more than Switzerland	3.9% Ranked 51st.
Employment in services > % of total employment	68.3% Ranked 11th.	72.4% Ranked 21st. 6% more than Austria

SOURCES: ILO (International Labour Organization). 2002. Key Indicators of the Labour Market 2001-2002. February 2002; International Labour Organisation, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators.; World Bank national accounts data; Wikipedia: List of minimum wages by country (Countries) ("Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013" . State.gov . Retrieved 2014-03-04 .); CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; World Development Indicators database; Wikipedia: List of minimum wages by country (Countries); Figures are from the OECD. The figures are from EIRO for France, Ireland and Italy; OECD; OECD Health Data 2002 (CD ROM) available year for Australia, Japan = 1998; Denmark = 1995; 1980 figures for Canada and France are interpolated; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: Retirement age (Retirement age); International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Labour Organisation, using World Bank population estimates.; United Nations Statistics Division Original html; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; calculated on the basis of occupational data from ILO (International Labour Organization). 2002. Laboursta Database. February 2002; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009; OECD Historical Statistics; calculated on the basis of data on the economically active population and total population from ILO (International Labour Organization). 2002. Estimates and Projections of the Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, 4th ed., rev. 2. Database. Geneva; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division Original html; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Economic activity rate and economically active population, by sex, thirteen age groups, 1950-2010 (ILO estimates and projections) are data from the International Labour Union (ILO). Source details: ILO, Economically Active Population, 1950-2010, fourth edition, diskette database (Geneva, 1997). The latest set of estimates and projections covering the period 1950-2010 (4th edition) was released by ILO in December 1996. These data are updated every five-ten years by ILO and a new set of these data is in preparation; ILO, Key Indicators; calculated on the basis of data on male and female unemployment rates from OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2001. Employment Outlook 2001. Paris; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a109, Part-time employment rate; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/).; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2001. Employment Outlook. Paris; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; International Metalworkers' Federation, The Purchasing Power of Working Time 2002: An International Comparison of Average Net Hourly Earnings 2001 (International Metalworkers' Federation, Geneva, 2002); Wikipedia: Minimum Age Convention, 1973; OECD Employment Outlook 2002, p.74; OECD, Employment Outlook 2002; OECD; ILO Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM).; Wikipedia: List of countries by employment rate; United Nations Statistics Division; Annex to GECD Society at a Glance 2002; OECD; Wikipedia: Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates. World Bank World Development Indicators.; World Bank national accounts data. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a118, Percent working less than 20 hrs/week; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a118, Percent working less than 20 hrs/week; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; World Bank staff estimates; OECD. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=MDG&f=seriesRowID%3a773#MDG, Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment, women, percentage; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a116, Percent own-account workers; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=MDG&f=seriesRowID%3a772, Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment, men, percentage; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?q=40+hrs%2fweek&d=GenderStat&f=inID%3a119, Percent working more than 40 hrs/week.

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