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Health > Infant mortality rate: Countries Compared

chris.lockyer781

Author: chris.lockyer781

Infant mortality rate is the probability of dying before the age of 1 year. It is computed as the number of infant deaths during a given time period divided by the number of live births during the same time period multiplied by 1,000.

Description

The infant mortality rate (IMR) is an estimate of the number of infant deaths out of 1,000 live births. It is a useful indicator of the health status of a given population. It reflects the level of education, economic development and the accessibility and quality of health care in a country.

In the past 20 years, the infant mortality rate has decreased in all regions of the world. From 1990 to 2011, the average global IMR has decreased from 36 to 17. The infant mortality rate shows an inverse relationship with a country’s income. Low income countries have the highest IMR with an average of 63, while high income countries have an IMR of 5. The highest rates of infant death are seen in the African Region at 68 and are lowest in the European Region at 11.

In the US, the top 5 leading causes of infant mortality include congenital malformations, low birth weight and preterm births, Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), maternal complications of pregnancy and accidents. In developing countries, the most common causes of neonatal death are preterm birth, birth asphyxia and infections. After the neonatal period, the main causes of mortality are pneumonia, diarrhea, measles, malaria and HIV/AIDS. Malnutrition is an underlying cause in up to 50% of these deaths.

Citations:

1) World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory: Infant mortality. http://www.who.int/gho/urbanhealth/outcomes/infantmortality_text/en/

2) World Health Organization. World Health Statistics 2013. http://www.who.int/gho/publications/worldhealthstatistics/ENWHS2013Full.pdf

3) Heisler EJ. The US infant mortality rate: international comparisons, underlying factors, and federal programs. 2012. https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41378.pdf

DEFINITION: The number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.

CONTENTS

# COUNTRY AMOUNT DATE GRAPH
1 Angola 192.5 2005
2 Afghanistan 165.96 2005
3 Mozambique 137.08 2005
4 Liberia 130.51 2005
5 Niger 122.66 2005
6 Mali 117.99 2005
7 Guinea-Bissau 108.72 2005
8 Djibouti 105.54 2005
9 Malawi 104.23 2005
10 Bhutan 102.56 2005
11 Ethiopia 102.12 2005
12 Rwanda 101.68 2005
13 Burkina Faso 98.67 2005
14 Cote d'Ivoire 97.1 2005
15 Chad 94.78 2005
16 Democratic Republic of the Congo 94.69 2005
17 Congo, Republic of the 93.86 2005
South Asia average (profile) 93.04 2005
18 Central African Republic 92.15 2005
19 Guinea 91.82 2005
20 Equatorial Guinea 87.08 2005
21 Laos 87.06 2005
22 Benin 85.88 2005
23 Lesotho 85.22 2005
24 Azerbaijan 82.07 2005
25 Madagascar 78.52 2005
26 Comoros 77.22 2005
27 Eritrea 75.59 2005
28 Pakistan 74.43 2005
29 Haiti 74.38 2005
30 Cambodia 73.67 2005
31 The Gambia 73.48 2005
32 Mauritania 72.35 2005
33 Nigeria 70.49 2005
34 Burundi 70.4 2005
35 Botswana 69.98 2005
36 Namibia 69.58 2005
37 Cameroon 69.18 2005
38 Burma 68.78 2005
39 Nepal 68.77 2005
40 Bangladesh 64.32 2005
41 Mayotte 64.19 2005
42 Kenya 62.62 2005
43 Maldives 58.32 2005
44 India 57.92 2005
45 Senegal 56.53 2005
46 Mongolia 55.45 2005
47 Bolivia 54.58 2005
48 Gabon 54.34 2005
49 Papua New Guinea 53.15 2005
50 Iraq 52.71 2005
51 Ghana 52.22 2005
OPEC countries average (profile) 51.08 2005
52 Kiribati 49.9 2005
53 Cape Verde 49.14 2005
54 East Timor 48.86 2005
55 Sao Tome and Principe 44.58 2005
Religious countries average (profile) 43.41 2005
56 Morocco 43.25 2005
57 Iran 42.86 2005
58 Moldova 41 2005
59 Guyana 37.22 2005
60 Guatemala 36.91 2005
61 Indonesia 36.82 2005
62 Kyrgyzstan 36.81 2005
63 Egypt 33.9 2005
64 Dominican Republic 33.28 2005
65 Peru 32.95 2005
66 Algeria 32.16 2005
67 Federated States of Micronesia 31.28 2005
68 Brazil 30.66 2005
69 Kazakhstan 30.54 2005
70 Marshall Islands 30.5 2005
71 Nicaragua 30.15 2005
72 Honduras 29.64 2005
Former Spanish colonies average (profile) 29.18 2005
73 Samoa 28.72 2005
74 Romania 27.24 2005
75 Paraguay 26.67 2005
Catholic countries average (profile) 26.49 2005
76 Belize 26.37 2005
77 El Salvador 25.93 2005
=78 Libya 25.7 2005
=78 The Bahamas 25.7 2005
80 Lebanon 25.48 2005
81 China 25.28 2005
82 North Korea 24.84 2005
83 Ecuador 24.49 2005
84 Philippines 24.24 2005
85 Armenia 24.16 2005
86 Gaza Strip 23.54 2005
Latin America and Caribbean average (profile) 23.27 2005
87 Albania 22.31 2005
88 Anguilla 21.91 2005
89 Bosnia and Herzegovina 21.88 2005
90 Colombia 21.72 2005
91 Mexico 21.69 2005
92 Bulgaria 21.31 2005
93 Panama 20.95 2005
94 Oman 20.26 2005
95 Antigua and Barbuda 20.18 2005
96 Saint Helena 19.85 2005
97 Georgia 19.34 2005
98 Qatar 19.32 2005
99 Malaysia 18.35 2005
100 Jordan 18.11 2005
101 British Virgin Islands 18.05 2005
102 Bahrain 17.91 2005
103 Russia 16.96 2005
104 Greenland 16.31 2005
105 Mauritius 15.57 2005
106 Palau 15.3 2005
107 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 15.24 2005
108 Saint Kitts and Nevis 14.94 2005
109 Dominica 14.75 2005
110 Grenada 14.62 2005
111 Saint Lucia 13.95 2005
112 Saudi Arabia 13.7 2005
113 Belarus 13.62 2005
114 Brunei 13.05 2005
115 Fiji 12.99 2005
116 Jamaica 12.81 2005
117 Barbados 12.61 2005
118 French Guiana 12.46 2005
119 Republic of Macedonia 11.74 2005
120 Netherlands Antilles 10.37 2005
=121 Costa Rica 10.26 2005
=121 Kuwait 10.26 2005
123 Nauru 10.14 2005
124 Latvia 9.67 2005
125 American Samoa 9.48 2005
126 Chile 9.05 2005
127 Guadeloupe 8.83 2005
128 Bermuda 8.79 2005
129 Poland 8.73 2005
130 Hungary 8.68 2005
131 French Polynesia 8.61 2005
132 Cayman Islands 8.41 2005
133 Puerto Rico 8.37 2005
NATO countries average (profile) 8.21 2005
134 Estonia 8.08 2005
135 Reunion 7.95 2005
136 New Caledonia 7.89 2005
137 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 7.76 2005
138 Montserrat 7.56 2005
European Union average (profile) 7.46 2005
139 Cyprus 7.36 2005
140 Martinique 7.27 2005
141 Northern Mariana Islands 7.25 2005
142 Israel 7.21 2005
143 South Korea 7.18 2005
144 Guam 7.15 2005
145 Lithuania 7.13 2005
146 Croatia 6.96 2005
147 Cuba 6.45 2005
148 Faroe Islands 6.38 2005
149 Italy 6.07 2005
150 Aruba 6.02 2005
151 New Zealand 5.96 2005
152 San Marino 5.85 2005
153 Greece 5.63 2005
154 Monaco 5.53 2005
Eurozone average (profile) 5.53 2005
155 Ireland 5.5 2005
156 Jersey 5.33 2005
157 Gibraltar 5.22 2005
158 Portugal 5.13 2005
159 Netherlands 5.11 2005
160 Luxembourg 4.88 2005
161 Canada 4.82 2005
162 Guernsey 4.78 2005
163 Liechtenstein 4.77 2005
=164 Australia 4.76 2005
=164 Belgium 4.76 2005
166 Austria 4.68 2005
167 Denmark 4.63 2005
168 Macau 4.39 2005
169 France 4.31 2005
170 Germany 4.2 2005
171 Andorra 4.05 2005
172 Czech Republic 3.97 2005
173 Malta 3.94 2005
174 Norway 3.73 2005
175 Finland 3.59 2005
176 Iceland 3.31 2005
177 Japan 3.28 2005
178 Hong Kong 2.97 2005

Citation

Health > Infant mortality rate: Countries Compared Map

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STAT
COUNTRIES COVERED
Female 226
Male 226
Total 226

Interesting observations about Health > Infant mortality rate

  • Angola ranked first for infant mortality rate amongst Christian countries in 2005.
  • Afghanistan ranked first for infant mortality rate amongst Muslim countries in 2005.
  • Cote d'Ivoire ranked first for infant mortality rate amongst Catholic countries in 2005.
  • Mozambique ranked second for infant mortality rate amongst Hot countries in 2005.
  • Azerbaijan ranked first for infant mortality rate amongst Europe in 2005.
  • Haiti ranked first for infant mortality rate amongst Latin America and Caribbean in 2005.
  • Romania ranked first for infant mortality rate amongst European Union in 2005.
  • Malawi ranked first for infant mortality rate amongst Heavily indebted countries in 2005.
  • Chile ranked first for infant mortality rate amongst High income OECD countries in 2005.
  • Bhutan ranked first for infant mortality rate amongst Cold countries in 2005.

3

Infant mortality rate is the probability of dying before the age of 1 year. It is computed as the number of infant deaths during a given time period divided by the number of live births during the same time period multiplied by 1,000.

Description

The infant mortality rate (IMR) is an estimate of the number of infant deaths out of 1,000 live births. It is a useful indicator of the health status of a given population. It reflects the level of education, economic development and the accessibility and quality of health care in a country.

In the past 20 years, the infant mortality rate has decreased in all regions of the world. From 1990 to 2011, the average global IMR has decreased from 36 to 17. The infant mortality rate shows an inverse relationship with a country’s income. Low income countries have the highest IMR with an average of 63, while high income countries have an IMR of 5. The highest rates of infant death are seen in the African Region at 68 and are lowest in the European Region at 11.

In the US, the top 5 leading causes of infant mortality include congenital malformations, low birth weight and preterm births, Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), maternal complications of pregnancy and accidents. In developing countries, the most common causes of neonatal death are preterm birth, birth asphyxia and infections. After the neonatal period, the main causes of mortality are pneumonia, diarrhea, measles, malaria and HIV/AIDS. Malnutrition is an underlying cause in up to 50% of these deaths.

Citations:

1) World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory: Infant mortality. http://www.who.int/gho/urbanhealth/outcomes/infantmortality_text/en/

2) World Health Organization. World Health Statistics 2013. http://www.who.int/gho/publications/worldhealthstatistics/ENWHS2013Full.pdf

3) Heisler EJ. The US infant mortality rate: international comparisons, underlying factors, and federal programs. 2012. https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41378.pdf

Posted on 14 Apr 2014

chris.lockyer781

chris.lockyer781

396 Stat enthusiast

1

Joan writes: "The USA is 45th from the bottom/best, and Cuba's mortality rate is lower/better than ours. This is because the USA does not have universal health care."

No, it is not because we do not have universal health care.

"Problems of definition and measurement, however, hamper cross-national comparisons of health statistics. Alternative measures of infant mortality may provide better information but cannot completely compensate for differences among countries in the overall rates of reporting of adverse pregnancy outcomes. For example, very premature births are more likely to be included in birth and mortality statistics in the United States than in several other industrialized countries that have lower infant mortality rates."

"In countries where physicians are more aggressive about attempting to resuscitate very premature newborns--of which the United States is probably the leading example—extremely small neonates are more likely to be classified as live births than in countries with less aggressive resuscitation policies."

You can find it all here: http://www.cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=6219&type=0

In summary: One of the leading causes of infant mortality in the U.S. is "disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight." In the US, doctors are able to deliver and try to save babies with incredibly low birth weights. In most other countries, extremely premature babies are not recorded as live births and thus do not contribute to their infant mortality rate.

Posted on 28 Mar 2010

Paulus

Paulus

0

In 2002, a total of 28,034 deaths of children under one year old occurred in the United States, according to the <a href=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr53/nvsr53_05.pdf>National Vital Statistics Reports</a>. The infant mortality rate was 7.0 infant deaths per 1000 live births, up from 6.8 per 1000 in 2001. <p>Deaths of infants aged zero to 27 days increased by 4.4 percent from 2001 to 2002. The postneonatal mortality rate (deaths to infants aged 28 days to one year per 1000 live births) remained constant at 2.3. <p>The 10 leading causes of infant death were: 1) congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities; 2) disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight; 3) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS); 4) maternal complications; 5) complications of placenta, cord and membranes; 6) unintentional injuries; 7) respiratory distress of newborn; 8) bacterial sepsis of newborn; 9) diseases of the circulatory system; 10) intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia.<p>These 10 causes accounted for 68.4 percent of all infant death in the U.S. There were significant increases in deaths attributed to low birth rate (5.3 percent) and maternal complications (14.2) percent.

Posted on 04 Mar 2005

Ian Graham, Staff Editor

Ian Graham, Staff Editor

0

A review by researchers at Pakistan’s Aga Khan University, published in The Lancet, reported that babies born in hospitals in the developing world are up to 20 times more likely to develop infections than those in developed countries. <p>In developing nations, infections during pregnancy and after birth cause an estimated 1.6 million deaths annually, three-quarters of them in southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Many infections are caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), while another major killer is the organism Klebsiella pneumoniae, which kills an estimated 320,000 infants and unborn babies each year in the developing world. <p>Up to 70 percent of these infections are believed to be caused by superbugs – bacteria resistant to antibiotic treatment. <p> Neonatal deaths account cause more than a third of all child mortality across the world.

Posted on 29 Mar 2005

Ian Graham, Staff Editor

Ian Graham, Staff Editor

0

In response to <em>Sophie</em>,

<p>The crude <a href=/graph/peo_bir_rat>birth rate</a> (which measures the number of children born each year per thousand <a href=/graph/peo_pop>population</a>) and the <a href=/graph/peo_tot_fer_rat>total fertiliy</a> rate (number of children per woman can be found in the <a href=/cat/People>people</a> category.</p>

<p>Birth rate and life expectency are the major factors affecting total population. Countries with a high birth rate and low <a href=http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/hea_lif_exp_at_bir_tot_pop>life expectency</a> generally have a large number of <a href=/graph/peo_age_str_014_yea>young people</a>.
</p><p>Most developed countries have low birth rates. Globally 89 countries (including all European and North American countries except Faeroe Islands, Albania and Mexico) have fertility rates below population replacement. This means that their populations would be shrinking if there was no immigration to these countries.</p>

Posted on 02 Jun 2005

Edria Murray, Staff Editor

Edria Murray, Staff Editor

0

Infant mortality has many many causes. The three most common are:
<ul><li>Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities. These account for 20 percent of cases</li><li>Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight alone account for 16 percent of cases</li> <li>SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) which accounts for 8
percent.</li></ul> <p>All of these occur more often when maternal health and nutrition are poor. In many cases, causes are multiple with <a href=/graph/hea_bir_low_bir_wei>low birth weight</a> being a major factor.<p>Infant mortality is highest in developing nations. These countries generally have a low <a
href=/graph/eco_gdp>GDP</a>, <a href=/graph/edu_lit_tot_pop>low literacy</a>,
high levels of <a href=http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/eco_pop_bel_pov_lin>poverty</a>, a high rate of <a href=/red/graph/hea_mat_mor&int=50>maternal mortality</a> and a high number of <a href=/graph/peo_tot_fer_rat>children per woman</a>.

Posted on 28 Feb 2005

Edria Murray, Staff editor

Edria Murray, Staff editor

0

Paulus, you have unwittingly provided evidence which actually refutes your claim that the poor showing of the Us is not related to lack of health care.

'...disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight' are indeed amongst the major causes of infant death - but those two factors are precisely the ones which can be prevented by good ante-natal care, as is provided by every country with universal health care - something which the US, alone amongst all the major developed countries, does not have.

Posted on 01 Sep 2011

Linnaea

Linnaea

0

NYC MOM,
Here is a country comparison given by the CIA. On there list we fall in the 178th place. However, It all depends with age group your looking at.
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html

Another website is the Center for Control Disease (CDC) they offer mortality data. The CDC stat'se the US is number one for child homicides aged 1-4, and we are 4th place for Infanticides.

PS. the reason I know this information is because I'm a graduate student specializing in Criminal Justice, and I did a thesis on Infanticide.

Posted on 08 Jan 2011

BALTIMORE

BALTIMORE

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