Compare key data on Italy & Niger

Definitions

Crime > Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents: Number of privately owned small firearms per 100 residents.
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Economy > GDP: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
Economy > GDP per capita: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Economy > Gross National Income: GNI, Atlas method (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and prop).
Economy > Population below poverty line: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations.
Geography > Area > Comparative: The area of various small countries expressed in comparison to various areas within the United States of America.
Geography > Land area > Square miles: Country land area.
Government > Government type: A description of the basic form of government (e.g., republic, constitutional monarchy, federal republic, parliamentary democracy, military dictatorship).
Government > Legal system: A brief description of the legal system's historical roots, role in government, and acceptance of International Court of Justice (ICJ) jurisdiction.
Health > Births and maternity > Total fertility rate: Total fertility rate.
Health > Physicians > Per 1,000 people: Physicians are defined as graduates of any facility or school of medicine who are working in the country in any medical field (practice, teaching, research).
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14: Percentage of total population aged 0-14.
People > Population: Population, total refers to the total population.
Economy > Budget surplus > + or deficit > -: This entry records the difference between national government revenues and expenditures, expressed as a percent of GDP. A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit). Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money. Countries with high budget deficits (relative to their GDPs) generally have more difficulty raising funds to finance expenditures, than those with lower deficits.
Geography > Climate: A brief description of typical weather regimes throughout the year.
Geography > Area > Land: Total land area in square kilometres
Government > Legislative branch: This entry contains information on the structure (unicameral, bicameral, tricameral), formal name, number of seats, and term of office. Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election. Election results includes the percent of vote and/or number of seats held by each party in the last election.
Geography > Geographic coordinates: This entry includes rounded latitude and longitude figures for the purpose of finding the approximate geographic center of an entity and is based on the Gazetteer of Conventional Names, Third Edition, August 1988, US Board on Geographic Names and on other sources.
Religion > Religions: This entry includes a rank ordering of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population.
People > Population > Population growth, past and future: Population growth rate (percentage).
Environment > Marine fish catch: Total marine fish catch
Units: Metric Tons
People > Ethnic groups: This entry provides a rank ordering of ethnic groups starting with the largest and normally includes the percent of total population.
Government > Suffrage: The age at enfranchisement and whether the right to vote is universal or restricted
Geography > Area > Total: Total area in square kilometers
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 15-24.
Government > Constitution: The dates of adoption, revisions, and major amendments to a nation's constitution
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares: Arable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage: Minimum wage.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Government > Judicial branch: The name(s) of the highest court(s) and a brief description of the selection process for members.
Education > Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
Transport > Road > Motor vehicles per 1000 people: Motor vehicles per 1000 people.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Geography > Land area > Sq. km: Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes."
People > Birth rate: The average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population.
Crime > Drugs > Opiates use: Annual prevalence.
People > Population growth: Percentage by which country's population either has increased or is estimated to increase. Countries with a decrease in population are signified by a negative percentage. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
Economy > Budget > Revenues: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
People > Age distribution > Median age: The median age of the country's residents. This is the age most people are in the country.
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year.
Industry > Manufacturing output: Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars."
Crime > Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year): Year of last use.
Government > Political parties and leaders: Significant political organizations and their leaders.
Economy > Economy > Overview: This entry briefly describes the type of economy, including the degree of market orientation, the level of economic development, the most important natural resources, and the unique areas of specialization. It also characterizes major economic events and policy changes in the most recent 12 months and may include a statement about one or two key future macroeconomic trends.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders per million people: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population. Figures expressed per million people for the same year.
Economy > Exports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders: Intentional homicide, number and rate per 100,000 population.
Government > Executive branch > Cabinet: Cabinet includes the official name for any body of high-ranking advisers roughly comparable to a U.S. Cabinet. Also notes the method for selection of members.
Health > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people: Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.
Education > Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
People > Gender > Female population: Total female population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14 > Total: Number of people aged 0-14.
Economy > GDP > Per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Agriculture > Rural population: Total population living in rural areas. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
People > Mother's mean age at first birth: This entry provides the mean (average) age of mothers at the birth of their first child. It is a useful indicator for gauging the success of family planning programs aiming to reduce maternal mortality, increase contraceptive use – particularly among married and unmarried adolescents, delay age at first marriage, and improve the health of newborns.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption > Per capita: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
People > Death rate: The average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate. The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on population growth. This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining fertility results in an aging population.
Environment > Ecological footprint: Ecological footprint per capita
Units: Hectares per Person
Geography > Average rainfall in depth > Mm per year: Average rainfall is the long-term average in depth (over space and time) of annual precipitation in the country. Precipitation is defined as any kind of water that falls from clouds as a liquid or a solid.
Government > Political pressure groups and leaders: Organizations with leaders involved in politics, but not standing for legislative election.
Geography > Natural resources: A country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance.
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$ per capita: Manufacturing, value added (current US$). Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
People > Age distribution > Total dependency ratio: Percentage of dependant persons out of total population aged 15-64. A dependant person is a person aged 0-14 and those over 65 years old.
Education > Adult literacy rate > Total: Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life."
Geography > Surface area > Sq. km: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways.
People > Population growth rate: The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring countries.
Geography > Area > Land > Per capita: Total land area in square kilometres Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Telephones > Mobile cellular > Per capita: The total number of mobile cellular telephones in use. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Agriculture > Agricultural land > Sq. km: Agricultural land (sq. km). Agricultural land refers to the share of land area that is arable, under permanent crops, and under permanent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated crops.
Education > Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, total > Years: Life expectancy at birth, total (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Media > Internet > Internet users per thousand people: Internet users. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Military > Personnel > Per capita: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organization, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Military > War deaths: Battle-related deaths are deaths in battle-related conflicts between warring parties in the conflict dyad (two conflict units that are parties to a conflict). Typically, battle-related deaths occur in warfare involving the armed forces of the warring parties. This includes traditional battlefield fighting, guerrilla activities, and all kinds of bombardments of military units, cities, and villages, etc. The targets are usually the military itself and its installations or state institutions and state representatives, but there is often substantial collateral damage in the form of civilians being killed in crossfire, in indiscriminate bombings, etc. All deaths--military as well as civilian--incurred in such situations, are counted as battle-related deaths."
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per capita: Arable land (hectares per person). Arable land (hectares per person) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Agriculture > Agricultural growth: Index of agricultural production in 1996 - 98 (1989 - 91 = 100)
Economy > Inflation rate > Consumer prices: This entry furnishes the annual percent change in consumer prices compared with the previous year's consumer prices.
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary: Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Secondary is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers.
Education > Average years of schooling of adults: Average years of schooling of adults is the years of formal schooling received, on average, by adults over age 15. (Data Source: Barro-Lee Data Set www.worldbank.org/html/prdmg/grthweb/ddbarle2.htm)
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$: Manufacturing, value added (current US$). Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Language > Languages: A rank ordering of languages starting with the largest and sometimes includes the percent of total population speaking that language.
Transport > Road network length > Km: Length of road network in kilometers in European Union countries.
Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin, which shows where production takes place in an economy. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other private economic activities that do not produce material goods.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Total: Number of people aged 15-24.
Military > Battle-related deaths > Number of people: Battle-related deaths (number of people). Battle-related deaths are deaths in battle-related conflicts between warring parties in the conflict dyad (two conflict units that are parties to a conflict). Typically, battle-related deaths occur in warfare involving the armed forces of the warring parties. This includes traditional battlefield fighting, guerrilla activities, and all kinds of bombardments of military units, cities, and villages, etc. The targets are usually the military itself and its installations or state institutions and state representatives, but there is often substantial collateral damage in the form of civilians being killed in crossfire, in indiscriminate bombings, etc. All deaths--military as well as civilian--incurred in such situations, are counted as battle-related deaths.
Economy > Exports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Media > Personal computers > Per capita: Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be used by a single individual. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Geography > Average precipitation in depth > Mm per year: Average precipitation in depth (mm per year). Average precipitation is the long-term average in depth (over space and time) of annual precipitation in the country. Precipitation is defined as any kind of water that falls from clouds as a liquid or a solid.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 60 and older.
Government > Administrative divisions: This entry generally gives the numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64 > Total: Number of people aged 15-64.
Education > Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Total: Number of people aged 0-4.
Transport > Road density > Km of road per 100 sq. km of land area: Road density is the ratio of the length of the country's total road network to the country's land area. The road network includes all roads in the country: motorways, highways, main or national roads, secondary or regional roads, and other urban and rural roads."
People > Obesity > Adult obesity rate: This entry gives the percent of a country's population considered to be obese. Obesity is defined as an adult having a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater to or equal to 30.0. BMI is calculated by taking a person's weight in kg and dividing it by the person's squared height in meters.
Education > College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
Economy > Distribution of family income > Gini index: This index measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country. The index is calculated from the Lorenz curve, in which cumulative family income is plotted against the number of families arranged from the poorest to the ric
Religion > Religions > All: This entry includes a rank ordering of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population.
Education > Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
Military > Global Peace Index: The Global Peace Index is comprised of 22 indicators in the three categories ongoing domestic or international conflicts; societal safety; and security and militarization. A low index value indicates a peaceful and safe country.
Education > Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
Media > Televisions per 1000: The total number of televisions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Health > Births and maternity > Future births: Mid-range estimate for country's population increase due to births from five years prior to the given year. For example, from 2095 to 2100, India's population is expected to rise by 16,181 people due to births. Estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Energy > Oil > Consumption > Per capita: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59: Percentage of total pouplation aged 15-59.
Education > Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
Agriculture > Cereal yield > Kg per hectare: Cereal yield, measured as kilograms per hectare of harvested land, includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded."
People > Population in 2015: (Thousands) Medium-variant projections.
Health > Births and maternity > Average age of mother at childbirth: Average age of mother at first childbirth.
Geography > Terrain: A brief description of the topography
Education > High school enrolment rate: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Health > Life expectancy at birth > Total population: The average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
Military > Paramilitary personnel: Paramilitary.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Military > Service age and obligation: This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of sevice obligation.
Geography > Location: The country's regional location, neighboring countries, and adjacent bodies of water.
People > Urban and rural > Population living in cities proper: Each city population by sex, city and city type.
Education > Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation: Component parts of the labor force by occupation.
Economy > Human Development Index: The human development index values in this table were calculated using a consistent methodology and consistent data series. They are not strictly comparable with those in earlier Human Development Reports.
Education > Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
People > Death rate, crude > Per 1,000 people: Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people). Crude death rate indicates the number of deaths occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the rate of population change in the absence of migration.
Economy > Tourist arrivals > Per capita: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival." Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Media > Households with television: Households with television are the share of households with a television set. Some countries report only the number of households with a color television set, and therefore the true number may be higher than reported.
Health > Birth rate > Crude > Per 1,000 people: Crude birth rate indicates the number of live births occurring during the year, per 1,000 population estimated at midyear. Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate provides the rate of natural increase, which is equal to the population growth rate in the absence of migration.
Conflict > Terrorism > Global Terrorism Index: Score on Global Terrorism Index. A high value indicates that a country is affected by many terrorist incidents with a strong impact in terms of fatalities, injuries and damaged property.
Culture > Happy Planet Index: The Happy Planet Index (HPI) is calculated from three components: Perceived well-being, life expectancy and ecological footprint. A higher value indicates a happier population.
Government > Executive branch > Head of government: Head of government includes the name and title of the top administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government. For example, in the UK, the monarch is the chief of state, and the prime minister is the head of government. In the US, the president is both the chief of state and the head of government.
Geography > Coastline: The total length of the boundary between the land area (including islands) and the sea.
Labor > Labor force: The total labor force figure
Environment > Current issues: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry:
Energy > Oil > Consumption: This entry is the total oil consumed in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of oil produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, female > Years: Life expectancy at birth, female (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
Education > College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
Health > Life expectancy > Men: Life expectancy for men.
Media > Television > List of TV stations: List of TV stations.
People > Total fertility rate: The average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their child-bearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. The total fertility rate is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential for population growth in the country. High rates will also place some limits on the labor force participation rates for women. Large numbers of children born to women indicate large family sizes that might limit the ability of the families to feed and educate their children.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, male > Years: Life expectancy at birth, male (years). Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 65 and older.
Media > Television receivers > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Government > Executive branch > Chief of state: The name and title of any person or role roughly equivalent to a U.S. Chief of State. This means the titular leader of the country who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions but may not be involved with the day-to-day activities of the government
Government > Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address: This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations.
Media > Telecoms > Mobile cellular subscriptions > Per 100 people: Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people). Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions are subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology, which provide access to the public switched telephone network. Post-paid and prepaid subscriptions are included.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller.
Government > Capital city > Name: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates: This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
Culture > Sexuality > Homosexuality > Legality of homosexual acts: Same-sex sexual activity.
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No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.

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No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Government > International organization participation: This entry lists in alphabetical order by abbreviation those international organizations in which the subject country is a member or participates in some other way.
People > Age dependency ratio > Dependents to working-age population: Age dependency ratio is the ratio of dependents--people younger than 15 or older than 64--to the working-age population--those ages 15-64. For example, 0.7 means there are 7 dependents for every 10 working-age people.
Crime > Prisoners: Total persons incarcerated
Weather > Temperature > Highest temperature ever recorded: Temperature.
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Media > Internet > Users per 1000: This entry gives the number of users within a country that access the Internet. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Religion > Major religion(s): Country major religions.
Health > Probability of reaching 65 > Male: Probability at birth of reaching the age of 65.
Geography > Area > Water: Total water area in square kilometers
People > Age structure > 0-14 years: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest.
Military > Military service age and obligation: This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of service obligation.
Transport > Airports: Total number of airports. Runways must be useable, but may be unpaved. May not have facilities for refuelling, maintenance, or air traffic control.
Geography > Area > Comparative to US places: This entry provides an area comparison based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states based on area measurements (1990 revised) provided by the US Bureau of the Census. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 sq km, 69 sq mi) or The Mall in Washington, DC (0.59 sq km, 0.23 sq mi, 146 acres).
Language > Major language(s): Country major languages.
Economy > Currency > PPP conversion factor to official exchange rate ratio: Purchasing power parity conversion factor is the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amount of goods and services in the domestic market as a U.S. dollar would buy in the United States. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar). The ratio of the PPP conversion factor to the official exchange rate (also referred to as the national price level) makes it possible to compare the cost of the bundle of goods that make up gross domestic product (GDP) across countries. It tells how many dollars are needed to buy a dollar's worth of goods in the country as compared to the United States.
People > Gender > Male population: Total male population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Total: Number of people aged 60 and older.
Industry > Gross value added by construction: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64: Percentage of total population aged 15-64.
Economy > Fiscal year: The beginning and ending months for a country's accounting period of 12 months, which often is the calendar year but which may begin in any month. All yearly references are for the calendar year (CY) unless indicated as a noncalendar fiscal year (FY).
Background > Overview: A geopolitical overview of every sovereign country in the world, briefly examining their recent history and place on the global stage. The texts are taken from the BBC News website.
People > Age structure > 65 years and over: The distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group (0-14 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest."
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Industry: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods produced by the industrial sector within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
Geography > Population density > People per sq. km: Population density is midyear population divided by land area in square kilometers. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.
Labor > Hours worked > Standard workweek: Standard workweek (hours).
Media > Internet > Fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 1000: Fixed broadband Internet subscribers. Fixed broadband Internet subscribers are the number of broadband subscribers with a digital subscriber line, cable modem, or other high-speed technology. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Economy > Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$, period average: Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average). Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).
Crime > Murders > WHO: Intentional homicide rate is the estimate of intentional homicides in a country as a result of domestic disputes that end in a killing, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, inter-gang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. The term, intentional homicide, is broad, but it does not include all intentional killing. In particular, deaths arising from armed conflict are usually considered separately. The difference is usually described by the organisation of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas the killing in armed conflict is usually committed by more or less cohesive groups of up to several hundred members. Two main sources of data are presented: criminal justice (law enforcement) measures (this series), supplemented by data from national statistical agencies, and measures from public health sources (see other intentional homicide series). These various sources measure slightly different phenomena and are therefore unlikely to provide identical numbers."
Agriculture > Agriculture, value added > Current US$: Agriculture, value added (current US$), including forestry, hunting, and fishing, as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources.
People > Nationality > Noun: The noun which identifies citizens of the nation
Health > Diseases > Cancer > Cancer death rate (per 100,000 population): The number of people that will die from cancer out of 100,000 people the same age. The number is not an accurate telling of the country's cancer rate, but rather how fatal cancer is in each country.
Economy > Inequality > GINI index: Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality."
Agriculture > Cultivable land > Hectares: Cultivable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture Organisation as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded."
Media > Radio > List of radio stations: List of radio stations.
Economy > Imports per capita: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Transport > Waterways: The total length and individual names of navigable rivers, canals, and other inland bodies of water.
Economy > Gross National Income per capita: GNI, Atlas method (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and prop). Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Military > Armed forces personnel: Total armed forces (2000)
Education > Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Industry: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Labor > Labor force, total: Labor force, total. Total labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.
Agriculture > Farm workers: Agricultural employment shows the number of agricultural workers in the agricultural sector.
Health > Infant mortality rate > Total: This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year; included is the total death rate, and deaths by sex, male and female. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
People > Age distribution > Elderly dependency ratio: Percentage of dependant adults out of total population aged 15-64. A dependant adult is an adult aged 65 and older.
Geography > Elevation extremes > Highest point: Highest point above sea level
Agriculture > Agricultural growth per capita: Net per capita agricultural production, expressed in International Dollars. Net means after deduction of feed and seed. International Dollars are calculated using the Geary-Khamis formula, which is designed to neutralize irrelevant exchange rate movements (more information on http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/mes/glossary/*/E)
Military > Military expenditures: This entry gives spending on defense programs for the most recent year available as a percent of gross domestic product (GDP); the GDP is calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). For countries with no military forces, this figure can include expenditures on public security and police.
Agriculture > Products: Major agricultural crops and products
Media > Internet > Internet users > Per 100 people: Internet users (per 100 people). Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network.
Education > Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 0-4.
People > Physicians density: This entry gives the number of medical doctors (physicians), including generalist and specialist medical practitioners, per 1,000 of the population. Medical doctors are defined as doctors that study, diagnose, treat, and prevent illness, disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans through the application of modern medicine. They also plan, supervise, and evaluate care and treatment plans by other health care providers. The World Health Organization estimates that fewer than 2.3 health workers (physicians, nurses, and midwives only) per 1,000 would be insufficient to achieve coverage of primary healthcare needs.
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per 1000: Arable land (in hectares) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Military > Military branches: This entry lists the service branches subordinate to defense ministries or the equivalent (typically ground, naval, air, and marine forces).
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP per thousand people: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Energy > Electricity > Installed generating capacity per thousand people: This entry is the total capacity of currently installed generators, expressed in kilowatts (kW), to produce electricity. A 10-kilowatt (kW) generator will produce 10 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity, if it runs continuously for one hour. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Total: Number of people 65 years old and older.
Education > College and university > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
Economy > Exports > Commodities: This entry provides a listing of the highest-valued exported products; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption per capita: Total electricity consumed annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Energy > Gasoline > Pump price for gasoline > US$ per liter: Pump price for gasoline (US$ per liter). Fuel prices refer to the pump prices of the most widely sold grade of gasoline. Prices have been converted from the local currency to U.S. dollars.
Agriculture > Produce > Crop > Production index: Crop production index shows agricultural production for each year relative to the base period 1999-2001. It includes all crops except fodder crops. Regional and income group aggregates for the FAO's production indexes are calculated from the underlying values in international dollars, normalized to the base period 1999-2001.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59 > Total: Number of people aged 15-59.
Industry > Gross value added by manufacturing: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars.
Crime > Prisoners > Per capita: Data for 2003. Number of prisoners held per 100,000 population.
Geography > Total area > Sq. km: Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways."
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Religion > Seventh-day Adventist Membership: This entry lists Seventh-day Adventist membership worldwide as of 2004. Membership is defined as baptised and active.
Economy > Poverty and inequality > Richest quintile to poorest quintile ratio: The ratio of average income of the richest 20% of the population to the average income of the poorest 20% of the population.
Energy > Electricity > Production: The annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution.
Government > Country name > Conventional long form: This entry is derived from Government > Country name, which includes all forms of the country's name approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example): conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form (Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form (Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation. Also see the Terminology note.
Media > Personal computers per 1000: Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be used by a single individual. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Transport > Highways > Total > Per capita: total length of the highway system Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Total: Number of people aged 80 years and older.
Transport > Vehicles > Per km of road: Vehicles per kilometer of road include cars, buses, and freight vehicles but do not include two-wheelers. Roads refer to motorways, highways, main or national roads, secondary or regional roads, and other roads. A motorway is a road specially designed and built for motor traffic that separates the traffic flowing in opposite directions."
People > Cities > Urban population: Total population living in urban areas. The defition of an urban area differs for each country. Future estimates are from the UN Population Division.
Geography > Land use > Arable land: The percentage of used land that is arable. Arable land is land cultivated for crops that are replanted after each harvest like wheat, maize, and rice
Religion > Secularism and atheism > Population considering religion unimportant: Percentage of population who says religion is not important in their daily lives. The survey was carried out within the Gallup Poll.
Transport > Motor vehicles > Per 1,000 people: Motor vehicles include cars, buses, and freight vehicles but do not include two-wheelers. Population refers to midyear population in the year for which data are available."
Industry > Manufacturing growth: Annual growth rate for manufacturing value added based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3."
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Services: This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by occupation. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete.
Culture > World Heritage Sites: Cultural sites.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Geography > Land boundaries > Border countries: Length of land boundaries by border country
Transport > Passenger cars > Per 1,000 people: Passenger cars refer to road motor vehicles, other than two-wheelers, intended for the carriage of passengers and designed to seat no more than nine people (including the driver)."
Economy > Imports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
People > Nationality > Adjective: This entry is derived from People > Nationality, which provides the identifying terms for citizens - noun and adjective.
Agriculture > Produce > Food > Production index: Food production index covers food crops that are considered edible and that contain nutrients. Coffee and tea are excluded because, although edible, they have no nutritive value.
Media > Radio broadcast stations: The total number of AM, FM, and shortwave broadcast stations.
Health > Deaths > Percent deaths registered: Civil registration coverage of deaths (%).
People > Sex ratio > Total population: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 5-14 > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 5-14.
Health > Fertility rate > Total > Births per woman: Total fertility rate represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-specific fertility rates.
Industry > Growth: Annual growth rate for industrial value added based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3."
Government > Executive branch > Elections: Elections includes the nature of election process or accession to power, date of the last election, and date of the next election
Health > Infant mortality rate: The number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country
Military > Expenditures > Percent of GDP: Current military expenditures as an estimated percent of gross domestic product (GDP).
Economy > Budget > Expenditures: Expenditures calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
People > Sex ratio > At birth: The number of males for each female one of five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertility patterns. Eventually it could cause unrest among young adult males who are unable to find partners.
Environment > Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$: Adjusted net national income (constant 2000 US$). Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion.
Health > HIV AIDS > People living with HIV AIDS > Per capita: An estimate of all people (adults and children) alive at yearend with HIV infection, whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Energy > Crude oil > Production: This entry is the total amount of crude oil produced, in barrels per day (bbl/day).
Economy > GINI index: Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.
Media > Daily newspapers > Per 1,000 people: Daily newspapers refer to those published at least four times a week and calculated as average circulation (or copies printed) per 1,000 people."
Economy > Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU: Net foreign assets (current LCU). Net foreign assets are the sum of foreign assets held by monetary authorities and deposit money banks, less their foreign liabilities. Data are in current local currency.
Economy > Tourist arrivals: International inbound tourists (overnight visitors) are the number of tourists who travel to a country other than that in which they have their usual residence, but outside their usual environment, for a period not exceeding 12 months and whose main purpose in visiting is other than an activity remunerated from within the country visited. When data on number of tourists are not available, the number of visitors, which includes tourists, same-day visitors, cruise passengers, and crew members, is shown instead. Sources and collection methods for arrivals differ across countries. In some cases data are from border statistics (police, immigration, and the like) and supplemented by border surveys. In other cases data are from tourism accommodation establishments. For some countries number of arrivals is limited to arrivals by air and for others to arrivals staying in hotels. Some countries include arrivals of nationals residing abroad while others do not. Caution should thus be used in comparing arrivals across countries. The data on inbound tourists refer to the number of arrivals, not to the number of people traveling. Thus a person who makes several trips to a country during a given period is counted each time as a new arrival."
Economy > Budget > Revenues > Per capita: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Industry > Industry, value added > Current US$: Industry, value added (current US$). Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 15-37). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Percent: Percentage of total population aged 80 and older.
Education > Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
Economy > Inbound tourism income > Current US$: International tourism receipts are expenditures by international inbound visitors, including payments to national carriers for international transport. These receipts include any other prepayment made for goods or services received in the destination country. They also may include receipts from same-day visitors, except when these are important enough to justify separate classification. For some countries they do not include receipts for passenger transport items. Data are in current U.S. dollars."
Environment > CO2 Emissions per 1000: CO2: Total Emissions (excluding land-use) Units: thousand metric tonnes of carbon dioxide. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Media > Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers > Per 1,000 people: Fixed lines are telephone mainlines connecting a customer's equipment to the public switched telephone network. Mobile phone subscribers refer to users of portable telephones subscribing to an automatic public mobile telephone service using cellular technology that provides access to the public switched telephone network.
Economy > Tax > Tax rates: Revenue is cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here."
Industry > Gross value added by construction per capita: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Religion > Muslim > Muslim percentage of total population: Muslim percentage (%) of total population 2014 Pew Report.
Geography > Irrigated land: The number of square kilometers of land area that is artificially supplied with water.
Transport > Gross value added by transport, storage and communication: Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices - US dollars.
Labor > GNI > Current US$: GNI (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Military > Armed forces personnel > Total: Armed forces personnel are active duty military personnel, including paramilitary forces if the training, organisation, equipment, and control suggest they may be used to support or replace regular military forces."
Media > Internet > Users > Per capita: This entry gives the number of users within a country that access the Internet. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Economy > GDP per person: GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars.
Education > Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Education > Duration of compulsory education: Duration of compulsory education is the number of grades (or years) that a child must legally be enrolled in school.
Religion > Islam > Percentage Muslim: Percent of Muslims in each country.
Health > Births and maternity > Infant mortality rate: How many infants, out of 1000, who will die before attaining one year of age.
Culture > Smoking > Cigarettes per adult per year: This list compares the average annual consumption of cigarettes per adult in countries around the world. Ten european countries top the list, all located at the East of the continent, with the exception of Greece. Developed asian countries like China, South Korea and Japan also register high cigarette consumption, while Africa hosts the countries with less consumption.
Environment > Proportion of land area under protection: Terrestrial areas protected to total surface area, percentage.
Media > Telecoms > Telephone lines per 1000: Telephone lines. Telephone lines are fixed telephone lines that connect a subscriber's terminal equipment to the public switched telephone network and that have a port on a telephone exchange. Integrated services digital network channels ands fixed wireless subscribers are included. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Health > Life expectancy > Women: Life expectancy for women.
Geography > Natural hazards: Potential natural disasters.
Economy > Exports > Main exports: Country main exports.
Labor > Employment rate > Adults: Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Industry > Manufacturing > Value added > Constant 2000 US$: Manufacturing refers to industries belonging to ISIC divisions 15-37. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are expressed constant 2000 U.S. dollars.
Government > Flag description: A written flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags.
Economy > Budget > Revenues per capita: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Geography > Rural population density > Rural population per sq. km of arable land: Rural population density is the rural population divided by the arable land area. Rural population is calculated as the difference between the total population and the urban population. Arable land includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Labor > Expense > Current LCU: Expense (current LCU). Expense is cash payments for operating activities of the government in providing goods and services. It includes compensation of employees (such as wages and salaries), interest and subsidies, grants, social benefits, and other expenses such as rent and dividends.
Economy > Debt > External: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services.
Language > French status: Status of French language in selected countries. Additional information for Mauritius provided by the Ministry of Tourism website of the Republic of Mauritius
Economy > Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita: Gross domestic savings are calculated as GDP less final consumption expenditure (total consumption). Data are in current U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Media > Televisions: The total number of televisions
Agriculture > Agricultural machinery > Tractors > Per capita: Agricultural machinery refers to the number of wheel and crawler tractors (excluding garden tractors) in use in agriculture at the end of the calendar year specified or during the first quarter of the following year. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Education > Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
Media > Telephones > Main lines in use > Per capita: The total number of main telephone lines in use. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Education > College and university > Private school share: Percentage of post-secondary students who attend a private school, college, or university.
Education > School life expectancy > Total: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
Language > Linguistic diversity index: LDI.
Economy > Debt > External > Per capita: Total public and private debt owed to non-residents repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Services: The gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final services produced within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. See the CIA World Factbook for more information.
Media > Internet users > Per 100 people: Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network.
Energy > Electricity > Production > Per capita: The annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Geography > Area > Land per 1000: Total land area in square kilometres. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.

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STAT	Italy	Niger
Crime > Violent crime > Gun crime > Guns per 100 residents	11.9 Ranked 54th. 17 times more than Niger	0.7 Ranked 152nd.
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate	529 Ranked 33th.	552 Ranked 78th. 4% more than Italy
Crime > Violent crime > Murder rate per million people	8.75 Ranked 77th.	37.45 Ranked 100th. 4 times more than Italy
Economy > GDP	$2.01 trillion Ranked 10th. 307 times more than Niger	$6.57 billion Ranked 137th.
Economy > GDP per capita	$33,048.75 Ranked 24th. 86 times more than Niger	$382.83 Ranked 174th.
Economy > Gross National Income	$1.12 trillion Ranked 7th. 565 times more than Niger	$1.98 billion Ranked 116th.
Economy > Population below poverty line	19.6% Ranked 20th.	63% Ranked 2nd. 3 times more than Italy
Geography > Area > Comparative	slightly larger than Arizona	slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Geography > Land area > Square miles	116,346 square miles Ranked 1st.	489,000 square miles Ranked 12th. 4 times more than Italy
Government > Government type	republic	republic
Government > Legal system	civil law system; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court	mixed legal system of civil law (based on French civil law), Islamic law, and customary law
Health > Births and maternity > Total fertility rate	1.88% Ranked 75th.	2.51% Ranked 2nd. 33% more than Italy
Health > Physicians > Per 1,000 people	4.2 per 1,000 people Ranked 1st. 140 times more than Niger	0.03 per 1,000 people Ranked 63th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14	14.39% Ranked 156th.	27.39% Ranked 2nd. 90% more than Italy
People > Population	61.48 million Ranked 23th. 4 times more than Niger	16.9 million Ranked 63th.
Economy > Budget surplus > + or deficit > -	-2.9% of GDP Ranked 98th. 7% more than Niger	-2.7% of GDP Ranked 86th.
Geography > Climate	predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south	desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south
Geography > Area > Land	294,020 sq km Ranked 70th.	1.27 million sq km Ranked 21st. 4 times more than Italy
Government > Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of the Senate or Senato della Repubblica (315 seats; members elected by proportional vote with the winning coalition in each region receiving 55% of seats from that region; members to serve five-year terms; and up to 5 senators for life appointed by the president of the Republic) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camera dei Deputati (630 seats; members elected by popular vote with the winning national coalition receiving 54% of chamber seats; members to serve five-year terms); note - it has not been clarified if each president has the power to designate up to five senators or if five is the number of senators for life who might sit in the Senate	unicameral National Assembly
Geography > Geographic coordinates	42 50 N, 12 50 E	16 00 N, 8 00 E
Religion > Religions	Roman Catholic 90% (approximately; about one-third practicing), other 10% (includes mature Protestant and Jewish communities and a growing Muslim immigrant community)	Muslim 80%, other (includes indigenous beliefs and Christian) 20%
People > Population > Population growth, past and future	-0.147 Ranked 113th.	1.34 Ranked 2nd.
Environment > Marine fish catch	183,871 tons Ranked 43th.	0.0 Ranked 112th.
People > Ethnic groups	Italian (includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north and Albanian-Italians and Greek-Italians in the south)	Haoussa 55.4%, Djerma Sonrai 21%, Tuareg 9.3%, Peuhl 8.5%, Kanouri Manga 4.7%, other 1.2%
Government > Suffrage	18 years of age; universal (except in senatorial elections, where minimum age is 25)	18 years of age; universal
Geography > Area > Total	301,340 sq km Ranked 73th.	1.27 million sq km Ranked 23th. 4 times more than Italy
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Percent	9.96% Ranked 164th.	17.1% Ranked 1st. 72% more than Italy
Government > Constitution	previous 1848 (originally for Kingdom of Sardinia and adopted by Kingdom of Italy in 1861); latest enacted 22 December 1947, adopted 27 December 1947, entered into force 1 January 1948; amended many times, last in 2012	adopted 31 October 2010
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares	7.74 million hectares Ranked 17th.	14.48 million hectares Ranked 20th. 87% more than Italy
Labor > Salaries and benefits > Minimum wage	None; instead set through collective bargaining agreements on a sector-by-sector basis.	30,047 CFA francs ($60) per month.
Government > Judicial branch	Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (composed of 15 judges: one-third appointed by the president, one-third elected by parliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and administrative Supreme Courts); Supreme Court of Cassation or Corte Suprema di Cassazione	Constitutional Court (7 judges with 6-year terms, nominated by the President); Court of Cassation (highest court dealing with judicial matters); Council of State (highest court dealing with administrative matters); Court of Finances (highest court dealing with public finances)
Education > Children out of school, primary	25,573 Ranked 58th.	1.05 million Ranked 3rd. 41 times more than Italy
Transport > Road > Motor vehicles per 1000 people	679 Ranked 10th. 97 times more than Niger	7 Ranked 174th.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita	$29,462.64 Ranked 27th. 44 times more than Niger	$665.67 Ranked 176th.
Geography > Land area > Sq. km	294,140 sq km Ranked 70th.	1.27 million sq km Ranked 20th. 4 times more than Italy
People > Birth rate	8.94 births/1,000 population Ranked 209th.	46.84 births/1,000 population Ranked 1st. 5 times more than Italy
Crime > Drugs > Opiates use	0.8% Ranked 2nd. 8 times more than Niger	0.1% Ranked 21st.
People > Population growth	-0.147% Ranked 113th.	1.34% Ranked 2nd.
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, primary	10.33 Ranked 139th.	38.76 Ranked 23th. 4 times more than Italy
Economy > Budget > Revenues	$964.30 billion Ranked 7th. 568 times more than Niger	$1.70 billion Ranked 148th.
People > Age distribution > Median age	49.61 years Ranked 28th. 74% more than Niger	28.44 years Ranked 195th.
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP	$29,800.00 Ranked 30th. 37 times more than Niger	$800.00 Ranked 179th.
Industry > Manufacturing output	245.11 billion Ranked 6th. 700 times more than Niger	350.17 million Ranked 125th.
Crime > Justice system > Punishment > Capital punishment (last execution year)	1,947 Ranked 26th.	1,976 Ranked 43th. 1% more than Italy
Government > Political parties and leaders	<strong>Center-right coalition [Silvio BERLUSCONI]: </strong><br />People of Freedom or PdL [Silvio BERLUSCONI]<br />Northern League or LN [Roberto MARONI]<br />Brothers of Italy or Fdl [Giorgia MELONI and Ignazio LA RUSSA]<br />The Right or LD [Francesco STORACE]<br />other minor parties<br /><br /><strong>Italy Common Good (Center-Left) [Pier Luigi BERSANI]:</strong><br />Democratic Party or PD [Pier Luigi BERSANI]<br />Left Ecology Freedom or SEL [Nichi VENDOLA]<br />Italian Socialist Party or PSI [Riccardo NENCINI]<br />Democratic Centre or CD [Bruno TABACCI and Massimo DONADI]<br />South Tyrolean People's Party or SVP [Luis DURNWALDER]<br /><br /><strong>With Monti for Italy (Centrist):</strong><br />Civic Choice or SC [Mario MONTI]<br />Union of the Center or UdC [Pier Ferdinando CASINI]<br />Future and Freedom for Italy or FLI [Gianfranco FINI]<br /><br /><strong>other coalitions and parties:</strong><br />Civil Revolution or RC [Antonio INGROIA]<br />Act to Stop the Decline or FiD [Oscar GIANNINO]<br />Five Star Movment or M5S [Beppe GRILLO]	Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]<br />National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara<br />Niger Social Democratic Party or PSDN<br />Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni DJERMAKOYE]<br />Nigerien Democratic Movement for an African Federation or MODEN/FA Lumana<br />Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya [ISSOUFOU Mahamadou]<br />Rally for Democracy and Progress-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]<br />Social and Democratic Rally or RSD-Gaskiyya [Cheiffou AMADOU]<br />Union for Democracy and the Republic-Tabbat or UDR-Tabbat<br />Union of Independent Nigeriens or UNI<br />note: the SPLM and SPLM-DC are banned political parties
Economy > Economy > Overview	Italy has a diversified industrial economy, which is divided into a developed industrial north, dominated by private companies, and a less-developed, highly subsidized, agricultural south, where unemployment is high. The Italian economy is driven in large part by the manufacture of high-quality consumer goods produced by small and medium-sized enterprises, many of them family-owned. Italy also has a sizable underground economy, which by some estimates accounts for as much as 17% of GDP. These activities are most common within the agriculture, construction, and service sectors. Italy is the third-largest economy in the euro-zone, but its exceptionally high public debt and structural impediments to growth have rendered it vulnerable to scrutiny by financial markets. Public debt has increased steadily since 2007, topping 126% of GDP in 2012, and investor concerns about the broader euro-zone crisis at times have caused borrowing costs on sovereign government debt to rise to euro-era records. During the second half of 2011 the government passed three austerity packages to reduce its budget deficit and help bring down borrowing costs. These measures included a hike in the value-added tax, pension reforms, and cuts to public administration. The government also faces pressure from investors and European partners to sustain its recent efforts to address Italy's long-standing structural impediments to growth, such as labor market inefficiencies and widespread tax evasion. In 2012 economic growth and labor market conditions deteriorated, with growth at -2.3% and unemployment rising to nearly 11%, with youth unemployment around 35%. The government has undertaken several reform initiatives designed to increase long-term economic growth. Italy's GDP is now 7% below its 2007 pre-crisis level.	Niger is a landlocked, Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence crops, livestock, and some of the world's largest uranium deposits. Agriculture contributes about 40% of GDP and provides livelihood for about 90% of the population. Niger also has sizable reserves of oil, and oil production, refining, and exports are expected to grow significantly between 2011 and 2016. Drought, desertification, and strong population growth have undercut the economy. Niger shares a common currency, the CFA franc, and a common central bank, the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO), with seven other members of the West African Monetary Union. In December 2000, Niger qualified for enhanced debt relief under the International Monetary Fund program for Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and concluded an agreement with the Fund on a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF). Debt relief provided under the enhanced HIPC initiative significantly reduced Niger's annual debt service obligations, freeing funds for expenditures on basic health care, primary education, HIV/AIDS prevention, rural infrastructure, and other programs geared at poverty reduction. In December 2005, Niger received 100% multilateral debt relief from the IMF, which translated into the forgiveness of approximately US$86 million in debts to the IMF, excluding the remaining assistance under HIPC. The economy was hurt when the international community cut off non-humanitarian aid in response to TANDJA's moves to extend his term as president. Nearly half of the government's budget is derived from foreign donor resources. Future growth may be sustained by exploitation of oil, gold, coal, and other mineral resources. The government, however, has made efforts to secure a new three-year extended credit facility with the IMF following the one that completed in 2011. Oil revenue to the government has fallen well short of its budgeted level. Strikes risk undermining political stability. Food security remains a problem in Niger and is exacerbated by refugees from Mali.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders per million people	8.75 Ranked 77th.	37.45 Ranked 100th. 4 times more than Italy
Economy > Exports	$478.90 billion Ranked 9th. 328 times more than Niger	$1.46 billion Ranked 138th.
Crime > Violent crime > Murders	529 Ranked 33th.	552 Ranked 78th. 4% more than Italy
Government > Executive branch > Cabinet	Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister and nominated by the President of the Republic	26 m
Health > Hospital beds > Per 1,000 people	4.4 per 1,000 people Ranked 21st. 37 times more than Niger	0.12 per 1,000 people Ranked 64th.
Education > Compulsary education duration	10 Ranked 64th. 11% more than Niger	9 Ranked 55th.
People > Gender > Female population	27.46 million Ranked 43th.	100.67 million Ranked 11th. 4 times more than Italy
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-14 > Total	7.85 million Ranked 46th.	55.82 million Ranked 7th. 7 times more than Italy
Economy > GDP > Per capita	$29,393.12 per capita Ranked 9th. 43 times more than Niger	$687.02 per capita Ranked 176th.
Agriculture > Rural population	23,899 Ranked 136th.	61,070 Ranked 22nd. 3 times more than Italy
People > Mother's mean age at first birth	27.7 Ranked 6th. 54% more than Niger	18 Ranked 13th.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption > Per capita	5,417.24 kWh per capita Ranked 34th. 118 times more than Niger	45.72 kWh per capita Ranked 143th.
People > Death rate	10.01 deaths/1,000 population Ranked 51st.	13.07 deaths/1,000 population Ranked 21st. 31% more than Italy
Environment > Ecological footprint	5.51 Ranked 25th. 6 times more than Niger	0.97 Ranked 113th.
Geography > Average rainfall in depth > Mm per year	832 Ranked 98th. 6 times more than Niger	151 Ranked 159th.
Government > Political pressure groups and leaders	manufacturers and merchants associations - Confcommercio; Confindustria<br />organized farm groups - Confcoltivatori; Confagricoltura; Roman Catholic Church<br />three major trade union confederations - Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro or CGIL [Susanna CAMUSSO] which is left wing; Confederazione Italiana dei Sindacati Lavoratori or CISL [Raffaele BONANNI], which is Roman Catholic centrist; Unione Italiana del Lavoro or UIL [Luigi ANGELETTI] which is lay centrist	The Nigerien Movement for Justice or MNJ, a predominantly Tuareg rebel group
Geography > Natural resources	coal, mercury, zinc, potash, marble, barite, asbestos, pumice, fluorspar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, arable land	uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum, salt, petroleum
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$ per capita	$5,062.48 Ranked 14th. 212 times more than Niger	$23.88 Ranked 98th.
Energy > Electricity > Consumption	313.8 billion kWh Ranked 4th. 377 times more than Niger	832.5 million kWh Ranked 111th.
People > Age distribution > Total dependency ratio	89.67% Ranked 16th. 68% more than Niger	53.29% Ranked 179th.
Education > Adult literacy rate > Total	98.8 Ranked 20th. 3 times more than Niger	28.67 Ranked 14th.
Geography > Surface area > Sq. km	301,340 kmÂ² Ranked 71st.	1.27 million kmÂ² Ranked 21st. 4 times more than Italy
People > Population growth rate	0.34% Ranked 164th.	3.32% Ranked 5th. 10 times more than Italy
Geography > Area > Land > Per capita	5.06 sq km per 1,000 people Ranked 168th.	95.44 sq km per 1,000 people Ranked 24th. 19 times more than Italy
Media > Telephones > Mobile cellular > Per capita	1,341.47 per 1,000 people Ranked 4th. 19 times more than Niger	69.8 per 1,000 people Ranked 150th.
Agriculture > Agricultural land > Sq. km	139,326 sq. km Ranked 64th.	437,820 sq. km Ranked 24th. 3 times more than Italy
Education > Children out of school, primary per 1000	0.421 Ranked 106th.	61.12 Ranked 2nd. 145 times more than Italy
Health > Life expectancy at birth, total > Years	82.09 Ranked 7th. 43% more than Niger	57.48 Ranked 171st.
Media > Internet > Internet users per thousand people	577.91 Ranked 67th. 42 times more than Niger	13.61 Ranked 199th.
Military > Personnel > Per capita	7.59 per 1,000 people Ranked 42nd. 11 times more than Niger	0.716 per 1,000 people Ranked 155th.
Military > War deaths	0.0 Ranked 139th.	47 Ranked 22nd.
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per capita	0.112 Ranked 115th.	0.905 Ranked 5th. 8 times more than Italy
Agriculture > Agricultural growth	94 Ranked 173th.	145 Ranked 12th. 54% more than Italy
Media > Internet users	30.03 million Ranked 5th. 259 times more than Niger	115,900 Ranked 149th.
Economy > Inflation rate > Consumer prices	3.3% Ranked 112th. 7 times more than Niger	0.5% Ranked 195th.
Education > Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary	10.1 Ranked 100th.	34.68 Ranked 5th. 3 times more than Italy
Education > Average years of schooling of adults	7.2 Ranked 36th. 7 times more than Niger	1 Ranked 98th.
Industry > Manufacturing, value added > Current US$	$306.20 billion Ranked 6th. 747 times more than Niger	$409.67 million Ranked 79th.
Language > Languages	Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)	French (official), Hausa, Djerma
Transport > Road network length > Km
Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services	73.8% Ranked 31st. 48% more than Niger	50% Ranked 130th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-24 > Total	5.44 million Ranked 46th.	34.85 million Ranked 7th. 6 times more than Italy
Military > Battle-related deaths > Number of people	0.0 Ranked 35th.	6 Ranked 30th.
Economy > Exports per capita	$7,861.39 Ranked 39th. 93 times more than Niger	$84.98 Ranked 171st.
Media > Personal computers > Per capita	366.61 per 1,000 people Ranked 9th. 512 times more than Niger	0.716 per 1,000 people Ranked 58th.
Geography > Average precipitation in depth > Mm per year	832 Ranked 103th. 6 times more than Niger	151 Ranked 167th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Percent	38.49% Ranked 23th. 3 times more than Niger	11.05% Ranked 196th.
Government > Administrative divisions	15 regions (regioni, singular - regione) and 5 autonomous regions (regioni autonome, singular - regione autonoma)<br /><strong>regions:</strong> Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio (Latium), Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte (Piedmont), Puglia (Apulia), Toscana (Tuscany), Umbria, Veneto (Venetia)<br /><strong>autonomous regions:</strong> Friuli-Venezia Giulia; Sardegna (Sardinia); Sicilia (Sicily); Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) or Trentino-Suedtirol (German); Valle d'Aosta (Aosta Valley) or Vallee d'Aoste (French)	*8 regions (regions, singular - region) includes 1 capital district (communite urbaine); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder*
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64 > Total	28.79 million Ranked 46th.	132.94 million Ranked 10th. 5 times more than Italy
Education > Literacy > Total population	98.6% Ranked 36th. 3 times more than Niger	28.7% Ranked 11th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Total	2.58 million Ranked 46th.	18.91 million Ranked 6th. 7 times more than Italy
Transport > Road density > Km of road per 100 sq. km of land area	162 Ranked 13th. 108 times more than Niger	1.5 Ranked 41st.
People > Obesity > Adult obesity rate	19.8% Ranked 95th. 8 times more than Niger	2.4% Ranked 178th.
Education > College and university > Gender parity index	1.39 Ranked 35th. 4 times more than Niger	0.38 Ranked 86th.
Economy > Distribution of family income > Gini index	31.9 Ranked 11th.	34 Ranked 23th. 7% more than Italy
Religion > Religions > All	approximately 90% Roman Catholic (about one-third regularly attend services); mature Protestant and Jewish communities and a growing Muslim immigrant community	Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christian
Education > Primary education, duration > Years	5 Ranked 167th.	6 Ranked 47th. 20% more than Italy
Military > Global Peace Index	1.66 Ranked 10th.	2.36 Ranked 36th. 42% more than Italy
Education > Secondary education, duration > Years	8 Ranked 15th. 14% more than Niger	7 Ranked 35th.
Media > Televisions per 1000	526 Ranked 18th. 52 times more than Niger	10.2 Ranked 170th.
Health > Births and maternity > Future births	516.82 Ranked 47th.	3,847.27 Ranked 7th. 7 times more than Italy
Energy > Oil > Consumption > Per capita	29.27 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 27th. 76 times more than Niger	0.385 bbl/day per 1,000 peopl Ranked 164th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59	47.12% Ranked 178th.	61.56% Ranked 4th. 31% more than Italy
Education > Children out of school, primary, female	17,905 Ranked 48th.	593,905 Ranked 3rd. 33 times more than Italy
Agriculture > Cereal yield > Kg per hectare	5,274.9 Ranked 21st. 10 times more than Niger	504.3 Ranked 162nd.
People > Population in 2015	57,818 thousand Ranked 23th. 3 times more than Niger	19,283 thousand Ranked 58th.
Health > Births and maternity > Average age of mother at childbirth	31.3 Ranked 1st. 8% more than Niger	29 Ranked 14th.
Geography > Terrain	mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands	predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north
Education > High school enrolment rate	99.72 Ranked 10th. 2 times more than Niger	47.31 Ranked 13th.
Health > Life expectancy at birth > Total population	81.77 years Ranked 10th. 53% more than Niger	53.4 years Ranked 197th.
Military > Paramilitary personnel	167,397 Ranked 1st. 31 times more than Niger	5,400 Ranked 72nd.
Military > Service age and obligation	18-27 year of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished January 2005; women may serve in any military branch; 10-month service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 45 (Army and Air Force) or 39 (Navy)	17-21 years of age for voluntary military service; 2-year service term; women may serve in health care
Geography > Location	Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia	Western Africa, southeast of Algeria
People > Urban and rural > Population living in cities proper	14.05 million Ranked 9th. 14 times more than Niger	1.03 million Ranked 25th.
Education > Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP	4.5% Ranked 64th. About the same as Niger	4.48% Ranked 23th.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation	agriculture 5%, industry 32%, services 63%	agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%
Economy > Human Development Index	0.934 Ranked 18th. 3 times more than Niger	0.281 Ranked 177th.
Education > Primary education, teachers per 1000	4.6 Ranked 70th. 49% more than Niger	3.08 Ranked 62nd.
People > Death rate, crude > Per 1,000 people	9.8 Ranked 48th.	11.5 Ranked 34th. 17% more than Italy
Economy > Tourist arrivals > Per capita	734.95 per 1,000 people Ranked 42nd. 197 times more than Niger	3.72 per 1,000 people Ranked 168th.
Media > Households with television	95.5% Ranked 16th. 18 times more than Niger	5.45% Ranked 133th.
Health > Birth rate > Crude > Per 1,000 people	9.5 per 1,000 people Ranked 166th.	53.38 per 1,000 people Ranked 1st. 6 times more than Italy
Conflict > Terrorism > Global Terrorism Index	2.07 Ranked 56th.	3.27 Ranked 43th. 58% more than Italy
Culture > Happy Planet Index	44 Ranked 69th. 64% more than Niger	26.9 Ranked 129th.
Government > Executive branch > Head of government	Prime Minister Enrico LETTA (since 17 April 2013)	Prime Minister Brigi RAFINI (since 7 April 2011); appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president
Geography > Coastline	7,600 km Ranked 16th.	0.0 Ranked 206th.
Labor > Labor force	25.05 million Ranked 22nd. 5 times more than Niger	4.69 million Ranked 70th.
Environment > Current issues	air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfur dioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and agricultural effluents; acid rain damaging lakes; inadequate industrial waste treatment and disposal facilities	overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction
Energy > Oil > Consumption	1.54 million bbl/day Ranked 14th. 256 times more than Niger	6,000 bbl/day Ranked 150th.
Health > Life expectancy at birth, female > Years	84.7 Ranked 8th. 47% more than Niger	57.65 Ranked 171st.
Education > College and university > Share of total education spending	18.76% Ranked 63th. 31% more than Niger	14.37% Ranked 38th.
Health > Life expectancy > Men	79 years Ranked 1st. 44% more than Niger	55 years Ranked 63th.
Media > Television > List of TV stations	<p>Rai - public, stations include Rai Uno, Rai Due, Rai Tre, rolling news channel Rai News 24 and cable/satellite services</p> </p>Mediaset - main private broadcaster, operates Italia 1, Rete 4 and Canale 5</p> </p>La7 - private, owned by Telecom Italia Media</p>	<p>Tele-Sahel - state-run</p> </p>Dounia TV - private, Niamey</p> </p>Tenere TV - private, Niamey</p>
People > Total fertility rate	1.41 children born/woman Ranked 201st.	7.03 children born/woman Ranked 1st. 5 times more than Italy
Health > Life expectancy at birth, male > Years	79.6 Ranked 10th. 39% more than Niger	57.33 Ranked 168th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Percent	32.89% Ranked 20th. 4 times more than Niger	7.37% Ranked 196th.
Media > Television receivers > Per capita	532.57 per 1,000 people Ranked 14th. 45 times more than Niger	11.77 per 1,000 people Ranked 149th.
Government > Executive branch > Chief of state	President Giorgio NAPOLITANO (since 15 May 2006)	President ISSOUFOU Mahamadou (since 7 April 2011)
Government > Diplomatic representation from the US > Mailing address	PSC 59, Box 100, APO AE 09624	B. P. 11201, Niamey; Public Affairs Section (PAS), 2420 Niamey PL, Dulles, VA 20189-2420
Media > Telecoms > Mobile cellular subscriptions > Per 100 people	159.48 Ranked 19th. 5 times more than Niger	32.42 Ranked 184th.
Economy > GDP > Purchasing power parity	$1.81 trillion Ranked 10th. 140 times more than Niger	$12.99 billion Ranked 140th.
Government > Capital city > Name	Rome	Niamey
Government > Capital city > Geographic coordinates	41 54 N, 12 29 E	13
Culture > Sexuality > Homosexuality > Legality of homosexual acts	Legal since 1890 UN decl. sign.	Legal
Government > International organization participation	ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CDB, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC	ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
People > Age dependency ratio > Dependents to working-age population	0.51 Ranked 122nd.	1.04 Ranked 2nd. 2 times more than Italy
Crime > Prisoners	55,670 prisoners Ranked 27th.	0.0 Ranked 160th.
Weather > Temperature > Highest temperature ever recorded	47 \u00b0C or 48.5 \u00b0C (116.6 or 119.3 \u00b0F)	48.2 \u00b0C (118.8 \u00b0F)
Media > Internet > Users per 1000	538.94 Ranked 28th. 184 times more than Niger	2.92 Ranked 151st.
Religion > Major religion(s)	Christianity	Islam, indigenous beliefs
Health > Probability of reaching 65 > Male	81.6% Ranked 13th. 2 times more than Niger	34.9% Ranked 140th.
Geography > Area > Water	7,200 sq km Ranked 60th. 24 times more than Niger	300 sq km Ranked 129th.
People > Age structure > 0-14 years	13.8% Ranked 218th.	50% Ranked 1st. 4 times more than Italy
Military > Military service age and obligation	18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; women may serve in any military branch; Italian citizenship required; 12-month service obligation	18 is the presumed legal minimum age for compulsory or voluntary military service; enlistees must be Nigerien citizens and unmarried; 2-year service term; women may serve in health care
Media > Broadcast media	two Italian media giants - the publicly-owned Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI) with 3 national terrestrial stations and privately-owned Mediaset with 3 national terrestrial stations - dominate; additional broadcasts by a large number of private stations and Sky Italia - a satellite TV network; RAI operates 3 AM/FM nationwide radio stations; some 1,300 commercial radio stations	-
Transport > Airports	129 Ranked 45th. 4 times more than Niger	30 Ranked 115th.
Geography > Area > Comparative to US places	slightly larger than Arizona	slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Language > Major language(s)	Italian	French (official), Arabic, Hausa, Songhai
Economy > Currency > PPP conversion factor to official exchange rate ratio	1.05 Ranked 21st. 3 times more than Niger	0.31 Ranked 113th.
People > Gender > Male population	27.13 million Ranked 44th.	103.11 million Ranked 10th. 4 times more than Italy
People > Age distribution > Population aged 60 or over > Total	21.01 million Ranked 30th.	22.52 million Ranked 26th. 7% more than Italy
Industry > Gross value added by construction	106.63 billion Ranked 11th. 652 times more than Niger	163.45 million Ranked 164th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-64	52.72% Ranked 181st.	65.24% Ranked 18th. 24% more than Italy
Economy > Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Background > Overview	<p>Take the art works of Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Tintoretto and Caravaggio, the operas of Verdi and Puccini, the cinema of Federico Fellini, add the architecture of Venice, Florence and Rome and you have just a fraction of Italy's treasures from over the centuries.</p> <p>While the country is renowned for these and other delights, it is also notorious for its precarious political life and has had several dozen governments since the end of World War II.</p> <p>The Italian political landscape underwent a seismic shift in the early 1990s when the "mani pulite" ("clean hands") operation exposed corruption at the highest levels of politics and big business. Several former prime ministers were implicated and thousands of businessmen and politicians were investigated.</p><br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17433142">Full Article</a>	<p>A vast, arid state on the edge of the Sahara desert, Niger endured austere military rule for much of its post-independence history and is rated by the UN as one of the world's least-developed nations.</p> <p>The drought-prone country sometimes struggles to feed its people. Its main export, uranium, is prone to price fluctuations and agriculture is threatened by the encroaching desert. Niger is bargaining on oil exploration and gold mining to boost its fortunes.</p> <p>Historically a gateway between North and sub-Saharan Africa, Niger came under French rule in the late 1890s. </p><br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13943662">Full Article</a>
People > Age structure > 65 years and over	20.8% Ranked 4th. 8 times more than Niger	2.6% Ranked 213th.
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Industry	23.9% Ranked 128th. 40% more than Niger	17.1% Ranked 171st.
Geography > Population density > People per sq. km	199.27 people/mÂ² Ranked 45th. 18 times more than Niger	11.02 people/mÂ² Ranked 183th.
Labor > Hours worked > Standard workweek	40 hours Ranked 141st. The same as Niger	40 hours Ranked 97th.
Media > Internet > Fixed broadband Internet subscribers per 1000	221.33 Ranked 40th. 1035 times more than Niger	0.214 Ranked 173th.
Economy > Currency > Official exchange rate > LCU per US$, period average	$1,736.21 Ranked 11th. 3 times more than Niger	$510.53 Ranked 22nd.
Crime > Murders > WHO	1 Ranked 163th.	20.2 Ranked 21st. 20 times more than Italy
Agriculture > Agriculture, value added > Current US$	$34.70 billion Ranked 14th. 13 times more than Niger	$2.59 billion Ranked 54th.
People > Nationality > Noun	Italian(s)	Nigerien(s)
Health > Diseases > Cancer > Cancer death rate (per 100,000 population)	132 Ranked 89th.	182 Ranked 8th. 38% more than Italy
Economy > Inequality > GINI index	36.03 Ranked 20th.	43.89 Ranked 17th. 22% more than Italy
Agriculture > Cultivable land > Hectares	7.17 million Ranked 32nd.	14.72 million Ranked 19th. 2 times more than Italy
Media > Radio > List of radio stations	<p>Rai - public, stations include flagship national network Radio 1, entertainment-based Radio 2, cultural station Radio 3 and parliamentary station GR Parlamento</p> </p>Radio 24 - commercial, news and business</p> </p>R101 - commercial, pop music</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17433146">Full Article</a>	<p>La Voix du Sahel - state-run, sole national station; broadcasts in French, Arabic, Hausa and vernacular languages</p> </p>Radio Saraounia - private</p> </p>Anfani FM - private</p> <br> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13943665">Full Article</a>
Economy > Imports per capita	$7,444.44 Ranked 46th. 56 times more than Niger	$132.48 Ranked 183th.
Transport > Waterways	2,400 km Ranked 14th. 8 times more than Niger	300 km Ranked 25th.
Economy > Gross National Income per capita	$19,656.98 Ranked 20th. 113 times more than Niger	$173.84 Ranked 151st.
Military > Armed forces personnel	251,000 Ranked 19th. 50 times more than Niger	5,000 Ranked 126th.
Education > Literacy > Female	98.3% Ranked 33th. 7 times more than Niger	15.1% Ranked 10th.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Industry	30.7% Ranked 6th. 5 times more than Niger	6% Ranked 10th.
Labor > Labor force, total	25.66 million Ranked 26th. 5 times more than Niger	5.55 million Ranked 73th.
Agriculture > Farm workers	912,000 Ranked 72nd.	4.04 million Ranked 30th. 4 times more than Italy
Health > Infant mortality rate > Total	3.38 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 207th.	112.22 deaths/1,000 live births Ranked 3rd. 33 times more than Italy
People > Age distribution > Elderly dependency ratio	62.39% Ranked 20th. 6 times more than Niger	11.3% Ranked 196th.
Geography > Elevation extremes > Highest point	Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) de Courmayeur 4,748 m (a secondary peak of Mont Blanc)	Idoukal-n-Taghes 2,022 m
Agriculture > Agricultural growth per capita	92 Int. $ Ranked 140th.	113 Int. $ Ranked 41st. 23% more than Italy
Military > Military expenditures	1.8% of GDP Ranked 17th. Twice as much as Niger	0.9% of GDP Ranked 50th.
Agriculture > Products	fruits, vegetables, grapes, potatoes, sugar beets, soybeans, grain, olives; beef, dairy products; fish	cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava, rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry
Media > Internet > Internet users > Per 100 people	58 Ranked 65th. 41 times more than Niger	1.41 Ranked 195th.
Education > Children out of school, primary, female per 1000	0.295 Ranked 86th.	34.62 Ranked 2nd. 117 times more than Italy
People > Age distribution > Population aged 0-4 > Percent	4.73% Ranked 154th.	9.28% Ranked 2nd. 96% more than Italy
People > Physicians density	3.8 physicians/1,000 population Ranked 5th. 190 times more than Niger	0.02 physicians/1,000 population Ranked 56th.
Agriculture > Arable land > Hectares per 1000	132.13 hectares Ranked 44th.	1,181.9 hectares Ranked 4th. 9 times more than Italy
Military > Military branches	Italian Armed Forces: Army (Esercito Italiano, EI), Navy (Marina Militare Italiana, MMI), Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana, AMI), Carabinieri Corps (Arma dei Carabinieri, CC)	Nigerien Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Nigerien Air Force (Force Aerienne du Niger)
Economy > GDP > Per capita > PPP per thousand people	$0.49 Ranked 114th. 10 times more than Niger	$0.05 Ranked 168th.
Energy > Electricity > Installed generating capacity per thousand people	2,014.04 kW Ranked 3rd. 239 times more than Niger	8.43 kW Ranked 179th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 65 or over > Total	17.96 million Ranked 26th. 20% more than Niger	15.02 million Ranked 31st.
Education > College and university > Gender ratio	140.71 Ranked 27th. 4 times more than Niger	32.77 Ranked 7th.
Economy > Exports > Commodities	engineering products, textiles and clothing, production machinery, motor vehicles, transport equipment, chemicals; food, beverages and tobacco; minerals, nonferrous metals	uranium ore, livestock, cowpeas, onions
Energy > Electricity > Consumption per capita	5,305.24 kWh Ranked 30th. 128 times more than Niger	41.52 kWh Ranked 133th.
Energy > Gasoline > Pump price for gasoline > US$ per liter	$2.28 Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Niger	$1.12 Ranked 124th.
Agriculture > Produce > Crop > Production index	99.2% Ranked 139th.	122.1% Ranked 22nd. 23% more than Italy
People > Age distribution > Population aged 15-59 > Total	25.73 million Ranked 46th.	125.44 million Ranked 10th. 5 times more than Italy
Industry > Gross value added by manufacturing	279.92 billion Ranked 5th. 683 times more than Niger	409.67 million Ranked 150th.
Crime > Prisoners > Per capita	100 per 100,000 people Ranked 92nd.	0.0 Ranked 157th.
Geography > Total area > Sq. km	301,340 Ranked 69th.	1.27 million Ranked 21st. 4 times more than Italy
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Agriculture	4.2% Ranked 35th.	90% Ranked 1st. 21 times more than Italy
Religion > Seventh-day Adventist Membership	7,092 Ranked 90th. 38 times more than Niger	187 Ranked 177th.
Economy > Poverty and inequality > Richest quintile to poorest quintile ratio	6.5 Ranked 6th.	20.7 Ranked 1st. 3 times more than Italy
Energy > Electricity > Production	283.5 billion kWh Ranked 11th. 1134 times more than Niger	250 million kWh Ranked 128th.
Government > Country name > Conventional long form	Italian Republic	Republic of Niger
Media > Personal computers per 1000	366.61 Ranked 9th. 483 times more than Niger	0.759 Ranked 58th.
Transport > Highways > Total > Per capita	8.43 km per 1,000 people Ranked 15th. 10 times more than Niger	0.887 km per 1,000 people Ranked 105th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Total	8.96 million Ranked 21st. 4 times more than Niger	2.08 million Ranked 64th.
Transport > Vehicles > Per km of road	81 Ranked 8th. 20 times more than Niger	4 Ranked 49th.
People > Cities > Urban population	76,101 Ranked 88th. 95% more than Niger	38,930 Ranked 202nd.
Geography > Land use > Arable land	22.57% Ranked 42nd. 91% more than Niger	11.79% Ranked 90th.
Religion > Secularism and atheism > Population considering religion unimportant	26% Ranked 52nd.	0.0 Ranked 142nd.
Transport > Motor vehicles > Per 1,000 people	677.29 Ranked 8th. 135 times more than Niger	5 Ranked 48th.
Industry > Manufacturing growth	-15.81 Ranked 100th.	5 Ranked 63th.
Labor > Labor force > By occupation > Services	65.1% Ranked 20th. 16 times more than Niger	4% Ranked 10th.
Culture > World Heritage Sites	45 Ranked 1st. 45 times more than Niger	1 Ranked 111th.
Geography > Land boundaries > Border countries	Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See (Vatican City) 3.2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 199 km, Switzerland 740 km	Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km
Transport > Passenger cars > Per 1,000 people	600.93 Ranked 6th. 150 times more than Niger	4 Ranked 50th.
Economy > Imports	$453.50 billion Ranked 12th. 200 times more than Niger	$2.27 billion Ranked 148th.
People > Nationality > Adjective	Italian	Nigerien
Agriculture > Produce > Food > Production index	98.1% Ranked 153th.	118.4% Ranked 19th. 21% more than Italy
Media > Radio broadcast stations	AM about 100, FM about 4,600, shortwave 9	AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 4
Health > Deaths > Percent deaths registered	90-100	<25
People > Sex ratio > Total population	0.93 male(s)/female Ranked 205th.	1.01 male(s)/female Ranked 57th. 9% more than Italy
People > Age distribution > Population aged 5-14 > Percent	9.65% Ranked 159th.	18.11% Ranked 2nd. 88% more than Italy
Health > Fertility rate > Total > Births per woman	1.32 births per woman Ranked 161st.	7.67 births per woman Ranked 1st. 6 times more than Italy
Industry > Growth	-13.43 Ranked 112th.	4.01 Ranked 87th.
Government > Executive branch > Elections	president elected by an electoral college consisting of both houses of parliament and 58 regional representatives for a seven-year term (no term limits); election last held on 24-25 February 2013 (next to be held in 2020); prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by parliament	president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); candidate must receive a majority of the votes to be elected president; a presidential election to restore civilian rule was held 31 January 2011 with a runoff election between ISSOUFOU Mahamadou and Seini OUMAROU held on 12 March 2011
Health > Infant mortality rate	6.07 Ranked 149th.	122.66 Ranked 5th. 20 times more than Italy
Military > Expenditures > Percent of GDP	1.8% Ranked 82nd. 38% more than Niger	1.3% Ranked 66th.
Economy > Budget > Expenditures	$1.02 trillion Ranked 7th. 547 times more than Niger	$1.87 billion Ranked 143th.
People > Sex ratio > At birth	1.06 male(s)/female Ranked 57th. 3% more than Niger	1.03 male(s)/female Ranked 176th.
Environment > Adjusted net national income > Constant 2000 US$	$1.51 trillion Ranked 8th. 466 times more than Niger	$3.24 billion Ranked 128th.
Health > HIV AIDS > People living with HIV AIDS > Per capita	2.46 per 1,000 people Ranked 66th.	5.36 per 1,000 people Ranked 46th. 2 times more than Italy
Energy > Crude oil > Production	154,500 bbl/day Ranked 43th. 8 times more than Niger	20,000 bbl/day Ranked 79th.
Economy > GINI index	36.03 Ranked 20th.	50.54 Ranked 7th. 40% more than Italy
Media > Daily newspapers > Per 1,000 people	137.1 Ranked 29th. 685 times more than Niger	0.2 Ranked 77th.
Economy > Debt > Net foreign assets > Current LCU	-31,765,158,209.106 Ranked 160th.	487.34 billion Ranked 56th.
Economy > Tourist arrivals	42.73 million Ranked 6th. 890 times more than Niger	48,000 Ranked 160th.
Economy > Budget > Revenues > Per capita	$15,509.73 per capita Ranked 4th. 611 times more than Niger	$25.36 per capita Ranked 32nd.
Military > Manpower fit for military service > Males age 16-49	None	None
Industry > Industry, value added > Current US$	$462.10 billion Ranked 7th. 335 times more than Niger	$1.38 billion Ranked 83th.
People > Age distribution > Population aged 80 or over > Percent	16.41% Ranked 14th. 16 times more than Niger	1.02% Ranked 196th.
Education > Child care (preschool) > Duration	3 Ranked 89th. The same as Niger	3 Ranked 40th.
Economy > Inbound tourism income > Current US$	$48.79 billion Ranked 6th. 1084 times more than Niger	$45.00 million Ranked 141st.
Environment > CO2 Emissions per 1000	7.75 Ranked 32nd. 79 times more than Niger	0.0976 Ranked 159th.
Media > Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers > Per 1,000 people	1,659.34 per 1,000 people Ranked 4th. 72 times more than Niger	23.2 per 1,000 people Ranked 137th.
Economy > Tax > Tax rates	37.6 Ranked 20th. 3 times more than Niger	13.64 Ranked 90th.
Industry > Gross value added by construction per capita	1,750.34 Ranked 31st. 184 times more than Niger	9.53 Ranked 197th.
Religion > Muslim > Muslim percentage of total population	2.6% Ranked 104th.	98.3% Ranked 17th. 38 times more than Italy
Geography > Irrigated land	39,500 sq km Ranked 16th. 53 times more than Niger	740 sq km Ranked 103th.
Transport > Gross value added by transport, storage and communication	177.07 billion Ranked 6th. 431 times more than Niger	411.07 million Ranked 146th.
Labor > GNI > Current US$	$2.00 trillion Ranked 9th. 301 times more than Niger	$6.66 billion Ranked 134th.
Military > Armed forces personnel > Total	436,000 Ranked 13th. 44 times more than Niger	10,000 Ranked 125th.
Media > Internet > Users > Per capita	550.32 per 1,000 people Ranked 27th. 198 times more than Niger	2.77 per 1,000 people Ranked 153th.
Economy > GDP per person	35,083.65 Ranked 23th. 100 times more than Niger	352.13 Ranked 162nd.
Education > Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita	7.17 per 1,000 people Ranked 41st. 19 times more than Niger	0.38 per 1,000 people Ranked 127th.
Education > Duration of compulsory education	9 years Ranked 86th. 50% more than Niger	6 years Ranked 136th.
Religion > Islam > Percentage Muslim	1.7% Ranked 109th.	90% Ranked 25th. 53 times more than Italy
Health > Births and maternity > Infant mortality rate	3.2 Ranked 177th.	62.8 Ranked 22nd. 20 times more than Italy
Culture > Smoking > Cigarettes per adult per year	1,475 Ranked 30th. 28 times more than Niger	52 Ranked 172nd.
Environment > Proportion of land area under protection	21.6% Ranked 59th. 29% more than Niger	16.72% Ranked 89th.
Media > Telecoms > Telephone lines per 1000	355.49 Ranked 45th. 61 times more than Niger	5.86 Ranked 185th.
Health > Life expectancy > Women	85 years Ranked 1st. 52% more than Niger	56 years Ranked 67th.
Geography > Natural hazards	regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice	recurring droughts
Economy > Exports > Main exports	Machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, clothes, wine	Uranium, livestock products
Labor > Employment rate > Adults	43.6 Ranked 156th.	59.8 Ranked 71st. 37% more than Italy
Industry > Manufacturing > Value added > Constant 2000 US$	193.46 billion constant 2000 US$ Ranked 3rd. 1411 times more than Niger	137.15 million constant 2000 US$ Ranked 123th.
Government > Flag description	three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; design inspired by the French flag brought to Italy by Napoleon in 1797; colors are those of Milan (red and white) combined with the green uniform color of the Milanese civic guard	three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk centered in the white band; the orange band denotes the drier northern regions of the Sahara; white stands for purity and innocence; green symbolizes hope and the fertile and productive southern and western areas, as well as the Niger River; the orange disc represents the sun and the sacrifices made by the people
Economy > Budget > Revenues per capita	$15,546.42 Ranked 14th. 574 times more than Niger	$27.08 Ranked 32nd.
Geography > Rural population density > Rural population per sq. km of arable land	245.21 people/kmÂ² of arable lan Ranked 30th. 3 times more than Niger	75.2 people/kmÂ² of arable lan Ranked 167th.
Labor > Expense > Current LCU	655.8 billion Ranked 38th. 3 times more than Niger	239.47 billion Ranked 54th.
Economy > Debt > External	$2.49 trillion Ranked 7th. 1607 times more than Niger	$1.55 billion Ranked 141st.
Language > French status	Official <a href=/cat/Language>language</a>. Bible 1530-1986.	Official <a href=/cat/Language>language</a>. Bible 1530-1986.
Economy > Gross domestic savings > Current US$ per capita	6,272.72$ Ranked 19th. 261 times more than Niger	24.07$ Ranked 110th.
Economy > Central bank discount rate	1.5% Ranked 42nd.	4.25% Ranked 56th. 3 times more than Italy
Media > Televisions	30.3 million Ranked 10th. 242 times more than Niger	125,000 Ranked 129th.
Agriculture > Agricultural machinery > Tractors > Per capita	29.16 per 1,000 people Ranked 10th. 2916 times more than Niger	0.01 per 1,000 people Ranked 184th.
Education > Secondary education, pupils	4.63 million Ranked 17th. 12 times more than Niger	388,641 Ranked 37th.
Media > Telephones > Main lines in use > Per capita	459.1 per 1,000 people Ranked 20th. 267 times more than Niger	1.72 per 1,000 people Ranked 170th.
Education > College and university > Private school share	9.59% Ranked 90th.	24.67% Ranked 20th. 3 times more than Italy
Education > Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment	1 Ranked 43th. 37% more than Niger	0.73 Ranked 146th.
Education > School life expectancy > Total	14.7 years Ranked 20th. 6 times more than Niger	2.3 years Ranked 109th.
Language > Linguistic diversity index	0.593 Ranked 67th.	0.646 Ranked 60th. 9% more than Italy
Economy > Debt > External > Per capita	$40,328.31 per capita Ranked 14th. 251 times more than Niger	$160.90 per capita Ranked 112th.
Economy > GDP > Composition by sector > Services	74.1% Ranked 27th. 72% more than Niger	43.2% Ranked 147th.
Media > Internet users > Per 100 people	41.77 Ranked 52nd. 77 times more than Niger	0.54 Ranked 179th.
Energy > Electricity > Production > Per capita	5,023.41 kWh per capita Ranked 49th. 432 times more than Niger	11.63 kWh per capita Ranked 174th.
Geography > Area > Land per 1000	4.91 sq km Ranked 154th.	85.95 sq km Ranked 19th. 17 times more than Italy

SOURCES: Annexe I of the Small Arms Survey 2007 ; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; British Broadcasting Corporation 2014; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; World Development Indicators database; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; United Nations Population Division; FAOSTAT on-line database; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of minimum wages by country (Countries); UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Wikipedia: List of countries by vehicles per capita; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Food and Agriculture Organisation, electronic files and web site.; Wikipedia: List of countries by prevalence of opiates use ("World Drug Report 2011" . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2011. "World Drug Report 2006" . United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 2006. http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr/WDR_2009/WDR2009_eng_web.pdf); United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; CIA World Factbook 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; Wikipedia: Capital punishment in Europe (Abolition); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Living Planet Report 2000, Gland, Switzerland: 2000, and Redefining Progress.; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; Food and Agriculture Organization; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Derived from male and female life expectancy at birth from sources such as: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: List of countries by number of Internet users (Calculated using penetration rate and population data from "Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012" , Population data, International Programs, U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved 26 June 2013). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Uppsala Conflict Data Program, http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/.; Food and Agriculture Organization; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001; Internet World Stats, June 30, 2010; UNESCO; World Bank national accounts data; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Uppsala Conflict Data Program, http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/UCDP/.; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; International Road Federation, World Road Statistics and electronic files, except where noted.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; CIA World Factbook, 22 August 2006; http://www.visionofhumanity.org/#/page/indexes/global-peace-index, Global Rankings. Vision of Humanity.; CIA World Factbook, December 2003. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: http://esa.un.org/unpp; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel (The list); United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Human Development Report 2006, United Nations Development Programme; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Tourism Organisation, Yearbook of Tourism Statistics, Compendium of Tourism Statistics and data files.; http://www.visionofhumanity.org/sites/default/files/2012_Global_Terrorism_Index_Report.pdf, Institute for Economics and Peace, p. 4 f.; http://www.happyplanetindex.org/data/; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database, and World Bank estimates.; Wikipedia: LGBT rights by country or territory (Central Asia); The Eighth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends and the Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2002) (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Centre for International Crime Prevention); Wikipedia: List of weather records (Highest temperatures ever recorded); All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UN (United Nations). 2001. World Population Prospects 1950-2050: The 2000 Revision. Database. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. New York; CIA World Factbook, 28 July 2005; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of minimum wages by country (Countries) ("Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2013" . State.gov . Retrieved 2014-03-04 .); International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics. World Bank World Development Indicators.; World Health Organisation.; World Bank national accounts data

United Nations Statistics Division
; World Health Organization. Source tables; World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/jsp/index.jsp).; . Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; IISS (International Institute for Strategic Studies). 2001. The Military Balance 2001-2002. Oxford: Oxford University Press; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; Food and Agriculture Organisation, Production Yearbook and data files.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=FAO&f=itemCode%3a2051, Agriculture (PIN) +; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 25 March 2010.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; CIA World Factbook 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; German Agency for International Cooperation (GIZ).; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; International Centre for Prison Studies - World Prison Brief; adventiststatistics.org 2004 Annual Report 31 December 2004; http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/14/hdr2013_en_complete.pdf, United Nations Development Programme, 2013. Table 3, p. 152 ff.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; International Road Federation, World Road Statistics and data files.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: Importance of religion by country (Countries); Wikipedia: Table of World Heritage Sites by country (Table of World Heritage Sites); World Health Organization. Source tables; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; The Changing Wealth of Nations: Measuring Sustainable Development in the New Millennium; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators.; United Nations Population Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Resources Institute. 2003. Carbon Emissions from energy use and cement manufacturing, 1850 to 2000. Available on-line through the Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) at Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; United Nations Statistics Division. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: Islam by country (Table) ("Muslim Population by Country" . The Future of the Global Muslim Population . Pew Research Center . Retrieved 22 December 2011 .); International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance.; International Religious Freedom Report 2004, U.S. State Department; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of countries by cigarette consumption per capita (List); United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report and database, and World Bank estimates. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Labour Organisation, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank World Development Indicators.; Ethnologue; CIA World Factbook, December 2003; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Wikipedia: Linguistic diversity index (Rankings by country) (UNESCO World Report – Investing in Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue)

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