Education Stats: compare key data on Australia & Italy

Definitions

Average years of schooling of adults: Average years of schooling of adults is the years of formal schooling received, on average, by adults over age 15. (Data Source: Barro-Lee Data Set www.worldbank.org/html/prdmg/grthweb/ddbarle2.htm)
Children out of school, primary: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
Children out of school, primary per 1000: Children out of school, primary. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Total is the total number of primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Children out of school, primary, female: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
College and university > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for college and university enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
College and university > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to post-secondary education.
Compulsary education duration: Number of years students are required to be enrolled in school for all levels of education. For instance, compulsary education lasts for 12 years in the United States.
Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP: Percentage of public funding for education out of country's total GDP.
High school enrolment rate: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Homeschooling legal status: Legal status of homeschooling.
Literacy > Total population: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Primary education, duration > Years: Primary education, duration (years). Duration of primary is the number of grades (years) in primary education.
Primary education, teachers per 1000: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary. Pupil-teacher ratio. Primary is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers.
Secondary education, duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years). Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (years) in secondary education (ISCED 2 & 3).
Average IQ: Average IQ of different countries according to the controversial book "IQ and the Wealth of Nations".
Literacy > Female: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Children out of school, primary, female per 1000: Children out of school, primary, female. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Female is the total number of female primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
College and university > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment is the percentage of men to women enrolled at tertiary level in public and private schools.
Child care (preschool) > Duration: Number of years students study at the pre-primary (preschool) level. It should be noted that not all countries require pre-primary education.
Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Duration of compulsory education: Duration of compulsory education is the number of grades (or years) that a child must legally be enrolled in school.
Secondary education, pupils: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions.
College and university > Private school share: Percentage of post-secondary students who attend a private school, college, or university.
School life expectancy > Total: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
Primary education, teachers: Primary education, teachers. Teaching staff in primary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private primary education institutions. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Primary education, pupils: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions.
Tertiary enrollment: Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary level is the sum of all tertiary level students enrolled at the start of the school year, expressed as a percentage of the mid-year population in the 5 year age group after the official secondary school leaving age.
Spending per student > College and university: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
High school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Compulsary education starting age: Age at which children must be enrolled in school.
Literacy > Definition: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
High school > Upper secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the upper secondary (high school) level.
Literacy > Male: This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of our source. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measure of educational results, is probably the most easily available and valid for international comparisons.
Spending > USD: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment."
High school > Private school share: Percentage of secondary students who attend a private school.
Spending > Proportion: Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. Expressed as a proportion of GNI."
Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
Child care (preschool) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin pre-primary (preschool) education.
High school repeaters > Male: Repeaters in secondary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in secondary school."
Preschool enrollment rate: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music."
Tertiary > Students studying abroad: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year.
Teachers as percentage of labor force: The percentage share of the total labor force who are classroom, academic staff, and other teachers. Data for 1999.
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall: Overall.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Elementary (primary school) > Duration: Number of years students study at the primary level.
Children out of school > Primary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Secondary education, teachers per 1000: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Secondary education, teachers: Secondary education, teachers. Teaching staff in total secondary. Public and private. Full and part-time. All programmes. Total is the total number of teachers in public and private secondary education institutions (ISCED 2 and 3). Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Mathematical literacy: Mathematical literacy mean value of performance scale 15 years old 2000
High school > Lower secondary school duration: Number of years students study at the lower secondary (middle school) level.
Children out of school, primary, male per 1000: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Scientific literacy: Scientific literacy mean value of performance scale 15 years old (2000)
Spending per student > High school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
Secondary education, general pupils: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
Reading literacy: Reading literacy mean value of performance scale (15 years old, 2000)
High school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index for secondary level enrollment. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills: Overall.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Scientific and technical journal articles: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences.
Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve: Access and retrieve.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion: The number of students from a given country studying abroad in a given year, expressed as a percentage of total tertiary enrollment in that country. Ratios greater than 100 % are possible, because those currently studying abroad do not count towards total enrollment.
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Scouting > Genders admitted: Admits boys/girls.
Elementary (primary school) > Starting age: Average age at which students begin primary education.
Children out of school, primary, male: Children out of school, primary, male. Out-of-school children of primary school age. Male is the total number of male primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.
Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training.
Spending per student > Elementary school: Public expenditure per student is the public current spending on education divided by the total number of students by level, as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities)."
Secondary school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age (years). Entrance age of 2A lower secondary is the age at which students would enter lower secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
High school starting age > Years: Secondary school starting age is the age at which students would enter secondary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
Primary education > Teachers > Per capita: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Educational attainment > Tertiary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till tertiary level (year 2000).
High school > Population with at least high school education > Women: Population with at least high school education > Women.
Schools connected to the Internet: Schools connected to the Internet are the share of primary and secondary schools in the country that have access to the Internet.
Public spending per student > Primary level: Public expenditure per student, primary level is the total reported current spending by the government on primary education, divided by the total number of pupils in primary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
Secondary education, pupils per 1000: Secondary education, pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Primary education, pupils per 1000: Primary education, pupils. Enrolment in primary. Public and private. All programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in public and private primary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Student attitude > Dislike of school: Percentage of schoolgoing children who do not like going to school (2000).
Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people: Total number of post-secondary students who were studying abroad during given year. Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years: Secondary education, duration (years) is the number of grades (years) in secondary school."
Teacher student ratio > High school: Secondary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in secondary school divided by the number of secondary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
Children out of school > Primary per 1000: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Inequality adjusted index: Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index.
High school repeaters > Female: Repeaters in secondary school are the number of students enrolled in the same grade as in the previous year, as a percentage of all students enrolled in secondary school."
Teacher student ratio > Elementary school: Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries: Percentage of public education funding for all levels that goes to teachers' salaries.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 11: Intended hours of instruction per year for 11 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Elementary school > Enrolled students: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
School enrolment rate > 1st grade: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
Secondary education, general pupils per 1000: Secondary education, general pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. General programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in general programmes at public and private secondary education institutions. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 12: Intended hours of instruction per year for 12 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret: Integrate and interpret.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share: Percentage of primary students who attend a private school.
High school > Lower secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin lower secondary (middle school) education.
Elementary school > Gender ratio: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
High school enrolment rate > Female: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Duration of education > Secondary level: Duration of secondary education is the number of grades (or years) in general secondary education.
Public spending per student > Tertiary level: Public expenditure per student, tertiary level is the total reported current spending by the government on tertiary education, divided by the total number of pupils in tertiary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Primary education > Pupils: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
High school > Population with at least high school education > Men: Gender Inequality Index.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Secondary education, vocational pupils: Secondary education, vocational pupils. Enrolment in total secondary. Public and private. Technical/vocational programmes. Total is the total number of students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at public and private secondary education institutions.
Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for education that goes to school staff salaries.
Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher: Number of students per teacher for primary education.
Secondary education > Teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
School enrolment rate > 5th grade: Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Spending per secondary school student: Secondary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity.
Scientific and technical journal articles per million: Scientific and technical journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts: Non-continuous texts.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts: Continuous texts.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Duration of education > Primary level: Duration of primary education is the number of grades (or years) in primary education.
Expected duration of education for all students: Expected years of schooling for a 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
Participation > Children out of school > Elementary: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
Public spending per student > Secondary level: Public expenditure per student, secondary level is the total reported current spending by the government on secondary education, divided by the total number of pupils in secondary education, expressed as a percentage of per capita GDP.
Progression to secondary school: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Children out of school > Primary > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Educational attainment > Senior secondary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till senior secondary level (year 2000).
Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate: Reflect and evaluate.
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
High school > Upper secondary starting age: Average age at which students begin upper secondary (high school) education.
Elementary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade."
Student attitude > Find school boring: Percentage of students who do find school boring (2000).
Teaching weeks per year > Primary: Average number of weeks taught per year by primary level teachers. Data for 2000.
School life expectancy > Male: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
Universities > Top 200: Number of universities in the top 200
Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita: Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Primary teacher salary > Starting: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999.
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge per million: Investment in knowledge is defined and calculated as the sum of expenditure on R&D, on total higher education (public and private) and on software. Simple summation of the three components would lead to overestimation of the investment in knowledge owing to overlaps (R&D and software, R&D and education, software and education). Therefore, data reported here have been adjusted to exclude the overlaps between components.
Note that as the term is used here, "investment” has a broader connotation than its usual meaning in economic statistics. It includes current expenditures, such as on education and R&D, as well as capital outlays, such as purchases of software and construction of school buildings. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD: Research and development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. R&D is a term covering three activities: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.
The main aggregate used for international comparisons is gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD). This consists of the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc. It excludes R&D expenditures financed by domestic firms but performed abroad.
Library books per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level: Pupil-teacher ratio, primary level is the average number of pupils per teacher in primary education. Cross-country comparisons may be affected by such factors as the composition of teachers by part- and full-time employment.
Secondary education > Vocational pupils: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training.
Primary education > Teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Expenditure on education > Change in expenditure on education > Expenditure in tertiary education: The indicator shows direct public and private expenditure on educational institutions in relation to the number of full-time equivalent students enrolled in these institutions. Public subsidies for students’ living expenses have been excluded to ensure international comparability of the data.
Expenditure on education per student is obtained by dividing the total expenditure on educational institutions by the number of full-time equivalents students. Only those educational institutions and programmes are taken into account for which both enrolment and expenditure data are available.
Private school enrolment > Primary level: Private sector enrolment share, primary level is the share of primary school pupils who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years: Primary duration refers to the number of years of full-time equivalent duration in primary education in the school system according to ISCED.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 10: Intended hours of instruction per year for 10 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Educational attainment > Junior secondary: Percentage of adult population (aged 25-64) educated till junior secondary level (year 2000).
Secondary education > Pupils per 1000: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Primary education > Teachers per 1000: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Female enrolment share > Primary level: Girls' enrolment share, primary level is the number of girls enrolled in primary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in primary school.
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge: Investment in knowledge is defined and calculated as the sum of expenditure on R&D, on total higher education (public and private) and on software. Simple summation of the three components would lead to overestimation of the investment in knowledge owing to overlaps (R&D and software, R&D and education, software and education). Therefore, data reported here have been adjusted to exclude the overlaps between components.
Note that as the term is used here, "investment” has a broader connotation than its usual meaning in economic statistics. It includes current expenditures, such as on education and R&D, as well as capital outlays, such as purchases of software and construction of school buildings.
Student attitude > Report class disorder: Percentage of students who report high noise level and disorder in classes (2000).
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$: Services, etc., value added (constant 2000 US$). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. They include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Data are in constant 2005 U.S. dollars.
Universities > Top 200 per million: Number of universities in the top 200. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning technology: Intended instruction time spent studying technology, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
Primary school starting age > Years: Primary school starting age (years). Entrance age of primary is the age at which students would enter primary education, assuming they had started at the official entrance age for the lowest level of education, had studied full-time throughout and had progressed through the system without repeating or skipping a grade.
Scouting > Members: Members of boy or girl scout groups which are members of the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM).
Elementary (primary) school > Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries: Percentage of public funding for primary education that goes to teachers' salaries.
High school > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to secondary education.
Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries: Percentage of public funding for primary education that goes to school staff salaries.
High school> Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries: Percentage of public funding for secondary education that goes to teachers' salaries.
Enrolment ratio > Secondary level: Net enrolment ratio, secondary level, is the ratio of the number of children of official secondary school age enrolled in school to the number of children of official secondary school age in the population.
Participation > Secondary education > General pupils: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training."
Secondary education > Teachers per 1000: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Secondary education > General pupils per 1000: Secondary general pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in general education programs, including teacher training. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Ratio of female to male primary enrollment: Ratio of female to male primary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.
Children out of school > Primary > Male: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school.
Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index: Country's gender parity index in primary, or elementary, school. For countries with a rating of over 1, more females are enrolled while countries with a rating under 1 have more males enrolled.
Spending per primary school student: Primary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 9: Intended hours of instruction per year for 9 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 13: Intended hours of instruction per year for 14 year olds in public educational institutions. Data for 2000.
Female enrolment share > Secondary level: Girls' enrolment share, secondary level is the number of girls enrolled in secondary school, expressed as a percentage of the total number of pupils in secondary school.
Private school enrolment > Secondary level: Private sector enrolment share, secondary level is the share of students in general secondary education who attend a privately managed school, regardless of whether or not the school receives subsidies from the government.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000: . Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Scouting > Members per thousand people: Membership (from 2012). Figures expressed per thousand people for the same year.
Outcomes > Tertiary attainment > Tertiary attainment for age group 55-64: For each age group shown, those who have completed tertiary education are shown as a percentage of all persons in that age group. Tertiary education includes both tertiary-type "A programmes”, which are largely theoretically-based and designed to provide qualifications for entry to advanced research programmes and professions with high skill requirements, as well as tertiary-type "B programmes” which are classified at the same level of competencies as tertiary-type A programmes but are more occupationally-oriented and lead to direct labour market access. The tertiary attainment profiles are based on the percentage of the population aged 25 to 64 that has completed that level of education.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning science: Intended instruction time spent studying science, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
School life expectancy > Female: School life expectancy and transition from primary to secondary for school years 1998/99 and 1999/00, published in http://www.uis.unesco.org accessed on Sept. 2002 and Women's Indicators and Statistics Database (Wistat), Version 4, CD-ROM (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XVII.4) based on data provided by UNESCO in 1999.
Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita: Children out of school are the number of primary-school-age children not enrolled in primary or secondary school. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
High school teachers: Secondary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Elementary school teachers: Primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Primary teacher salary > After 15 years: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999.
High school enrolment rate > Male: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
Proportion of 15 year-olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 15 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Proportion of 20 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 20 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Participation > Secondary education > Pupils: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning vocational skills: Intended instruction time spent studying vocational skills, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
Universities > Top 200 > Per $ GDP: Number of universities in the top 200 Per $ GDP figures expressed per 1 billion $ gross domestic product.
Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita: Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools. Per capita figures expressed per 1,000 population.
Primary education > Pupils per 1000: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment: Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females: Percentage share of tertiary level A qualifications as first degree awarded to females. Data for 2000.
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD per million: Research and development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. R&D is a term covering three activities: basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.
The main aggregate used for international comparisons is gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD). This consists of the total expenditure (current and capital) on R&D by all resident companies, research institutes, university and government laboratories, etc. It excludes R&D expenditures financed by domestic firms but performed abroad. Figures expressed per million population for the same year.
Young shorttext readers: Share of 15-year-olds who are frequent shorttext (particularly comics) readers (2000)
Young longtext readers: Share of 15-year-olds who are frequent longtext readers(2000)
Proportion of primary education time spent learning foreign languages: Intended instruction time spent studying modern foreign languages, as a percentage of total intended instruction time for students 12 to 14 years of age. Data for 1999.
Primary teacher salary > Starting per 1000: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999. Figures expressed per thousand population for the same year.
Spending per secondary school student > Per $ GDP: Secondary school spending per pupil in 1998, converted into US dollars by purchasing power parity. Per $ GDP figures expressed per $1,000 of Gross Domestic Product.
Expected duration of education for males: Expected years of schooling for a male 5-year-old under current conditions, excluding education for children under 5. Data for 2000.
Proportion of 19 year olds in tertiary education: Percentage share of 19 year-olds enrolled in tertiary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > First degree: Percentage share of tertiary level A qualifications as first degree awarded to females. Data for 2000.
Proportion of 16 year-olds in secondary education: Percentage share of 16 year-olds enrolled in secondary education. Based on net enrolment rates, attained by head count. Data for 2000.
Labor force with primary education, male > % of male labor force: Labor force with primary education, male (% of male labor force). Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Expenditure per student, secondary > % of GDP per capita: Expenditure per student, secondary (% of GDP per capita). Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Secondary is the total public expenditure per student in secondary education as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
School enrollment, preprimary > % gross: School enrollment, preprimary (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Pre-primary. Total is the total enrollment in pre-primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total population of official pre-primary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
School enrollment, primary > % net: School enrollment, primary (% net). Net enrolment rate. Primary. Total is the ratio of children of the official primary school age who are enrolled in primary school to the total population of the official primary school age.
School enrollment, secondary > % gross: School enrollment, secondary (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Secondary. All programmes. Total is the total enrollment in secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of official secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
School enrollment, secondary, private > % of total secondary: School enrollment, secondary, private (% of total secondary). Percentage of private enrolment. Secondary is the enrolment in private secondary schools expressed as a percentage of total enrolment (public and private) in secondary schools. 'Private' refers to all educational institutions not operated by a public authority, regardless of whether they receive financial support from public authorities. A high percentage indicates strong involvement of the non-governmental sector (including religious bodies, other organizations, associations, communities, private enterprises or persons) in providing organized educational programmes.
School enrollment, tertiary, female > % gross: School enrollment, tertiary, female (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Tertiary (ISCED 5 and 6). Female is the total female enrollment in tertiary education (ISCED 5 and 6), regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total female population of the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving.
Expenditure per student, tertiary > % of GDP per capita: Expenditure per student, tertiary (% of GDP per capita). Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Tertiary is the total public expenditure per student in tertiary education as a percentage of GDP per capita. Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
Secondary education, vocational pupils > % female: Secondary education, vocational pupils (% female). Percentage of female students. Total secondary. Technical/vocational programmes is the number of female students enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at the secondary education level expressed as a percentage of the total number of students (male and female) enrolled in technical/vocational programmes at the secondary education level in a given school year.
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education: Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools.
Net intake rate in grade 1 > Female > % of official school-age population: Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age.
Progression to secondary school > Female: Progression to secondary school refers to the number of new entrants to the first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of primary school in the previous year.
School enrollment > Primary > Male > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
School enrollment > Preprimary > Female > % gross: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment.
School enrollment, secondary, male > % gross: School enrollment, secondary, male (% gross). Gross enrolment ratio. Secondary. All programmes. Male is the total male enrollment in secondary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the male population of official secondary education age. GER can exceed 100% due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition.
Persistence to grade 5 > Total > % of cohort: Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Labor force with tertiary education, female > % of female labor force: Labor force with tertiary education, female (% of female labor force). Labor force with tertiary education is the proportion of labor force that has a tertiary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Labor force with primary education > % of total: Labor force with primary education (% of total). Labor force with primary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a primary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Labor force with secondary education, male > % of male labor force: Labor force with secondary education, male (% of male labor force). Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Labor force with secondary education > % of total: Labor force with secondary education (% of total). Labor force with secondary education is the proportion of the labor force that has a secondary education, as a percentage of the total labor force.
Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment: Unemployment with tertiary education (% of total unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).
Primary education > Pupils > % female: Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at primary level include enrollments in public and private schools.
Primary education > Pupils > Per capita: Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
Net intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of official school-age population: Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age.
Persistence to grade 5 > Female > % of cohort: Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Researchers in R&D > Per million people: Researchers in R&D (per million people). Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned. Postgraduate PhD students (ISCED97 level 6) engaged in R&D are included.
Primary teacher salary > Starting, % of GDP: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary education, in equivalent US dollars converted using PPPs. Data for 1999. Figures expressed as a proportion of GDP for the same year
School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Gross intake rate in grade 1 > Total > % of relevant age group: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age.
Elementary (primary) school) > Share of total education spending: Percentage of government education funding that goes to primary education.
Efficiency > Net intake rate in grade 1 > % of official school-age population: Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age."
Efficiency > Net intake rate in grade 1 > Female > % of official school-age population: Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age."
Total expenditure as % of GDP: Total expenditure on education per year per country as % of GDP (Year 2000).
Efficiency > Net intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of official school-age population: Net intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education who are of official primary school entrance age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the corresponding age."
Elementary school > Enrolled students > % female: Female pupils as a percentage of total pupils at primary level include enrollments in public and private schools.
Elementary school teachers > % female: Female teachers as a percentage of total primary education teachers includes full-time and part-time teachers.
Participation > Secondary education > Vocational pupils > % female: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training."
Participation > Secondary education > Vocational pupils: Secondary vocational pupils are the number of secondary students enrolled in technical and vocational education programs, including teacher training."
Participation > Total enrollment > Primary > Male > % net: Total enrollment is the number of pupils of the school-age group for primary education, enrolled either in primary or secondary education, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group."
Preschool enrollment rate > Female: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment."
Preschool enrollment rate > Male: Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Preprimary education refers to the initial stage of organized instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment."
School enrolment rate > 1st grade > Female: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
School enrolment rate > 1st grade > Male: Gross intake rate in grade 1 is the number of new entrants in the first grade of primary education regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population of the official primary entrance age."
School enrolment rate > 5th grade > Female: Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
School enrolment rate > 5th grade > Male: Persistence to grade 5 (percentage of cohort reaching grade 5) is the share of children enrolled in the first grade of primary school who eventually reach grade 5. The estimate is based on the reconstructed cohort method.
Secondary education, teachers > % female: Secondary education, teachers (% female). Percentage female teachers. Secondary is the number of female teachers at the secondary level expressed as a percentage of the total number of teachers (male and female) at the secondary level in a given school year. Teachers are persons employed full time or part time in an official capacity to guide and direct the learning experience of pupils and students, irrespective of their qualifications or the delivery mechanism, i.e. face-to-face and/or at a distance. This definition excludes educational personnel who have no active teaching duties (e.g. headmasters, headmistresses or principals who do not teach) and persons who work occasionally or in a voluntary capacity in educational institutions.
Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers."
Primary teacher salary per hour > After 15 years: Annual statutory teachers' salaries in public institutions in primary level education, per hour after 15 years experience and typical training. Expressed in equivalent US dollars converted using Purchasing Power Parities (PPP's). Data for 1999.
School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
School enrollment > Primary > Male > % net: Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music.
Services, etc., value added > % of GDP: Services, etc., value added (% of GDP). Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99 and they include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Note: For VAB countries, gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > Advanced research degree: Percentage share of advanced research degrees awarded to females. Data for 2000.
Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment: Unemployment with secondary education, male (% of male unemployment). Unemployment by level of educational attainment shows the unemployed by level of educational attainment, as a percentage of the unemployed. The levels of educational attainment accord with the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 of the United Nations Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Organization (UNESCO).

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STAT	Australia	Italy
Average years of schooling of adults	10.9 Ranked 6th. 51% more than Italy	7.2 Ranked 36th.
Children out of school, primary	68,417 Ranked 39th. 3 times more than Italy	25,573 Ranked 58th.
Children out of school, primary per 1000	3.06 Ranked 68th. 7 times more than Italy	0.421 Ranked 106th.
Children out of school, primary, female	29,573 Ranked 39th. 65% more than Italy	17,905 Ranked 48th.
College and university > Gender parity index	1.35 Ranked 39th.	1.39 Ranked 35th. 3% more than Australia
College and university > Share of total education spending	22.28% Ranked 42nd. 19% more than Italy	18.76% Ranked 63th.
Compulsary education duration	11 Ranked 41st. 10% more than Italy	10 Ranked 64th.
Government spending on education > Proportion of GDP	5.59% Ranked 41st. 24% more than Italy	4.5% Ranked 64th.
High school enrolment rate	99.86 Ranked 6th. About the same as Italy	99.72 Ranked 10th.
Homeschooling legal status	Legal as alternative to the mandatory public school system.	Legal, homeschooling is allowed by the constitution.
Literacy > Total population	99% Ranked 25th. About the same as Italy	98.6% Ranked 36th.
Primary education, duration > Years	7 Ranked 20th. 40% more than Italy	5 Ranked 167th.
Primary education, teachers per 1000	5.57 Ranked 46th. 21% more than Italy	4.6 Ranked 70th.
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary	17.88 Ranked 118th. 73% more than Italy	10.33 Ranked 139th.
Secondary education, duration > Years	6 Ranked 144th.	8 Ranked 15th. 33% more than Australia
Average IQ	98 Ranked 14th.	102 Ranked 6th. 4% more than Australia
Literacy > Female	99% Ranked 24th. 1% more than Italy	98.3% Ranked 33th.
Children out of school, primary, female per 1000	1.32 Ranked 67th. 4 times more than Italy	0.295 Ranked 86th.
College and university > Gender ratio	129.51 Ranked 38th.	140.71 Ranked 27th. 9% more than Australia
Child care (preschool) > Duration	1 Ranked 201st.	3 Ranked 89th. 3 times more than Australia
Secondary education > Teachers > Per capita	6.42 per 1,000 people Ranked 33th.	7.17 per 1,000 people Ranked 41st. 12% more than Australia
Duration of compulsory education	11 years Ranked 29th. 22% more than Italy	9 years Ranked 86th.
Secondary education, pupils	2.33 million Ranked 32nd.	4.63 million Ranked 17th. 99% more than Australia
College and university > Private school share	8.79% Ranked 92nd.	9.59% Ranked 90th. 9% more than Australia
Girls to boys ratio > Primary level enrolment	0.99 Ranked 53th.	1 Ranked 43th. 1% more than Australia
School life expectancy > Total	16.6 years Ranked 3rd. 13% more than Italy	14.7 years Ranked 20th.
Primary education, teachers	105,469 Ranked 36th.	273,113 Ranked 18th. 3 times more than Australia
Primary education, pupils	2.04 million Ranked 48th.	2.83 million Ranked 37th. 38% more than Australia
Tertiary enrollment	63.3% Ranked 6th. 27% more than Italy	49.9% Ranked 22nd.
Spending per student > College and university	21.04 Ranked 40th.	22.28 Ranked 36th. 6% more than Australia
High school > Gender ratio	95.35 Ranked 82nd.	99.03 Ranked 81st. 4% more than Australia
Compulsary education starting age	5 Ranked 172nd.	6 Ranked 103th. 20% more than Australia
Literacy > Definition	age 15 and over can read and write	age 15 and over can read and write
High school > Upper secondary school duration	2 Ranked 188th.	5 Ranked 4th. 3 times more than Australia
Literacy > Male	99% Ranked 34th. The same as Italy	99% Ranked 32nd.
Spending > USD	49.45 billion Ranked 13th.	101.89 billion Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Australia
High school > Private school share	35.24% Ranked 16th. 4 times more than Italy	8.52% Ranked 84th.
Spending > Proportion	5.11 Ranked 46th. 13% more than Italy	4.52 Ranked 70th.
Pupil-teacher ratio > Primary	17.88 Ranked 114th. 68% more than Italy	10.62 Ranked 138th.
Child care (preschool) > Starting age	4 Ranked 50th. 33% more than Italy	3 Ranked 158th.
High school repeaters > Male	0.0 Ranked 104th.	3.86 Ranked 53th.
Preschool enrollment rate	105.52 Ranked 60th. 2% more than Italy	103.82 Ranked 80th.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad	10,829.8 Ranked 75th.	47,272.98 Ranked 12th. 4 times more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level	1.01 million Ranked 23th.	1.91 million Ranked 20th. 89% more than Australia
Teachers as percentage of labor force	3.7% Ranked 23th.	4.7% Ranked 10th. 27% more than Australia
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall	515 Ranked 7th. 6% more than Italy	486 Ranked 27th.
Elementary (primary school) > Duration	7 Ranked 24th. 40% more than Italy	5 Ranked 177th.
Children out of school > Primary	77,047 Ranked 37th. 7 times more than Italy	11,194 Ranked 73th.
Secondary education, teachers per 1000	5.95 Ranked 28th.	7.59 Ranked 33th. 28% more than Australia
Secondary education, teachers	104,110 Ranked 23th.	450,757 Ranked 10th. 4 times more than Australia
Mathematical literacy	533 Ranked 6th. 17% more than Italy	457 Ranked 23th.
High school > Lower secondary school duration	4 Ranked 60th. 33% more than Italy	3 Ranked 146th.
Children out of school, primary, male per 1000	1.74 Ranked 61st. 14 times more than Italy	0.126 Ranked 97th.
Scientific literacy	528 Ranked 7th. 10% more than Italy	478 Ranked 23th.
Spending per student > High school	15.11 Ranked 47th.	25.38 Ranked 17th. 68% more than Australia
Secondary education, general pupils	1.54 million Ranked 35th.	2.92 million Ranked 21st. 90% more than Australia
Reading literacy	528 Ranked 4th. 8% more than Italy	487 Ranked 20th.
High school > Gender parity index	0.951 Ranked 109th.	0.986 Ranked 91st. 4% more than Australia
Literacy > Reading performance > Overall reading skills	515 Ranked 7th. 6% more than Italy	486 Ranked 27th.
Scientific and technical journal articles	15,809 Ranked 10th.	24,696 Ranked 8th. 56% more than Australia
Literacy > Reading performance > Access and retrieve	513 Ranked 9th. 6% more than Italy	482 Ranked 30th.
Tertiary > Students studying abroad proportion	0.818% Ranked 118th.	2.4% Ranked 88th. 3 times more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level per 1000	51.51 Ranked 9th. 54% more than Italy	33.48 Ranked 40th.
Scouting > Genders admitted	both	both
Elementary (primary school) > Starting age	5 Ranked 205th.	6 Ranked 130th. 20% more than Australia
Education expenditure of government > As percentage of total government	13.3% Ranked 56th. 39% more than Italy	9.6% Ranked 70th.
Children out of school, primary, male	38,844 Ranked 37th. 5 times more than Italy	7,668 Ranked 57th.
Education expenditure of government > As percentage of GNI	4.9% Ranked 52nd. 4% more than Italy	4.7% Ranked 56th.
Secondary education > General pupils	1.45 million Ranked 40th.	2.81 million Ranked 26th. 94% more than Australia
Spending per student > Elementary school	17.08 Ranked 34th.	22.8 Ranked 17th. 33% more than Australia
Secondary school starting age > Years	12 Ranked 110th. 9% more than Italy	11 Ranked 168th.
High school starting age > Years	12 Ranked 102nd. 9% more than Italy	11 Ranked 147th.
Primary education > Teachers > Per capita	5.57 per 1,000 people Ranked 40th. 24% more than Italy	4.48 per 1,000 people Ranked 78th.
Educational attainment > Tertiary	29% Ranked 7th. 3 times more than Italy	10% Ranked 18th.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level	1.93 million Ranked 57th.	2.78 million Ranked 45th. 44% more than Australia
High school > Population with at least high school education > Women	92.2% Ranked 21st. 36% more than Italy	68% Ranked 60th.
Schools connected to the Internet	97% Ranked 9th. 10% more than Italy	88% Ranked 20th.
Public spending per student > Primary level	15.9 Ranked 9th.	21.2 Ranked 14th. 33% more than Australia
Secondary education, pupils per 1000	104.3 Ranked 25th. 37% more than Italy	76.25 Ranked 85th.
Primary education, pupils per 1000	91.48 Ranked 85th. 96% more than Italy	46.56 Ranked 138th.
Girls to boys ratio > Tertiary level enrolment	1.25 Ranked 37th.	1.34 Ranked 42nd. 7% more than Australia
Girls to boys ratio > Secondary level enrolment	0.95 Ranked 97th.	0.99 Ranked 97th. 4% more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Tertiary level > Per capita	51.54 per 1,000 people Ranked 9th. 54% more than Italy	33.48 per 1,000 people Ranked 40th.
Student attitude > Dislike of school	34% Ranked 6th.	38% Ranked 2nd. 12% more than Australia
Tertiary > Students studying abroad per thousand people	0.485 Ranked 144th.	0.778 Ranked 126th. 60% more than Australia
Outcomes > Secondary education > Duration > Years	6 Ranked 128th.	8 Ranked 14th. 33% more than Australia
Teacher student ratio > High school	12.58 Ranked 83th. 25% more than Italy	10.1 Ranked 97th.
Children out of school > Primary per 1000	3.83 Ranked 67th. 20 times more than Italy	0.192 Ranked 115th.
Inequality adjusted index	0.965 Ranked 2nd. 30% more than Italy	0.74 Ranked 36th.
High school repeaters > Female	0.0 Ranked 104th.	2.18 Ranked 59th.
Teacher student ratio > Elementary school	17.88 Ranked 104th. 73% more than Italy	10.33 Ranked 132nd.
Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries	51.97% Ranked 16th.	57.73% Ranked 23th. 11% more than Australia
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 11	987 hours Ranked 8th.	1,020 hours Ranked 6th. 3% more than Australia
Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5	98.8% Ranked 12th.	99.8% Ranked 4th. 1% more than Australia
Elementary school > Enrolled students	1.98 million Ranked 47th.	2.82 million Ranked 42nd. 43% more than Australia
Primary education > Duration > Years	7 years Ranked 20th. 40% more than Italy	5 years Ranked 159th.
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$ per capita	$24,308.11 Ranked 3rd. 26% more than Italy	$19,316.27 Ranked 16th.
School enrolment rate > 1st grade	102.78 Ranked 70th.	105.66 Ranked 56th. 3% more than Australia
Secondary education, general pupils per 1000	69.08 Ranked 73th. 43% more than Italy	48.17 Ranked 127th.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 12	1,014 hours Ranked 11th.	1,020 hours Ranked 10th. 1% more than Australia
Literacy > Reading performance > Integrate and interpret	513 Ranked 7th. 5% more than Italy	490 Ranked 25th.
Elementary (primary) school) > Private school share	31.08% Ranked 27th. 4 times more than Italy	6.93% Ranked 87th.
High school > Lower secondary starting age	12 Ranked 113th. 9% more than Italy	11 Ranked 174th.
Elementary school > Gender ratio	99.85 Ranked 33th. 1% more than Italy	99.14 Ranked 61st.
High school enrolment rate > Female	99.8 Ranked 15th. About the same as Italy	99.42 Ranked 18th.
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level	97% Ranked 47th.	99% Ranked 20th. 2% more than Australia
Duration of education > Secondary level	6 Ranked 122nd.	8 Ranked 15th. 33% more than Australia
Public spending per student > Tertiary level	24.9 Ranked 17th.	26 Ranked 56th. 4% more than Australia
Secondary education > Pupils	2.49 million Ranked 29th.	4.51 million Ranked 18th. 81% more than Australia
Primary education > Pupils	1.93 million Ranked 52nd.	2.77 million Ranked 43th. 43% more than Australia
High school > Population with at least high school education > Men	92.2% Ranked 25th. 18% more than Italy	78.1% Ranked 49th.
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Tertiary level	54% Ranked 54th.	56.25% Ranked 38th. 4% more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level > Per capita	127.98 per 1,000 people Ranked 14th. 62% more than Italy	79.22 per 1,000 people Ranked 95th.
Secondary education, vocational pupils	786,296 Ranked 13th.	1.71 million Ranked 6th. 2 times more than Australia
Spending on education > Proportion spent on all staff salaries	73.47% Ranked 41st.	78.45% Ranked 33th. 7% more than Australia
Elementary (primary) school > Students per teacher	17.88 Ranked 123th. 73% more than Italy	10.33 Ranked 141st.
Secondary education > Teachers	111,000 Ranked 28th.	417,023.3 Ranked 11th. 4 times more than Australia
School life expectancy > Primary to tertiary	20 years Ranked 1st. 25% more than Italy	16 years Ranked 20th.
School enrolment rate > 5th grade	98.8 Ranked 5th.	99.56 Ranked 7th. 1% more than Australia
Spending per secondary school student	$5,830.00 per student Ranked 10th.	$6,458.00 per student Ranked 7th. 11% more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level	2.51 million Ranked 32nd.	4.53 million Ranked 22nd. 80% more than Australia
Scientific and technical journal articles per million	794.61 Ranked 8th. 85% more than Italy	428.72 Ranked 22nd.
Literacy > Reading performance > Non-continuous texts	524 Ranked 5th. 10% more than Italy	476 Ranked 29th.
Literacy > Reading performance > Continuous texts	513 Ranked 7th. 5% more than Italy	489 Ranked 26th.
Duration of education > Primary level	7 Ranked 19th. 40% more than Italy	5 Ranked 141st.
Expected duration of education for all students	20.7 years Ranked 1st. 31% more than Italy	15.8 years Ranked 23th.
Participation > Children out of school > Elementary	54,848 Ranked 44th. 3 times more than Italy	19,018 Ranked 68th.
Participation > Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education	97.3% Ranked 83th.	99.07% Ranked 81st. 2% more than Australia
Public spending per student > Secondary level	13.9 Ranked 25th.	27.1 Ranked 18th. 95% more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Primary level	48.61% Ranked 69th. About the same as Italy	48.41% Ranked 85th.
Progression to secondary school	99.86% Ranked 8th. About the same as Italy	99.65% Ranked 12th.
Children out of school > Primary > Per capita	3.83 per 1,000 people Ranked 68th. 20 times more than Italy	0.192 per 1,000 people Ranked 116th.
Educational attainment > Senior secondary	30% Ranked 17th.	33% Ranked 14th. 10% more than Australia
Literacy > Reading performance > Reflect and evaluate	523 Ranked 6th. 9% more than Italy	482 Ranked 30th.
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Women	97% Ranked 43th.	99% Ranked 19th. 2% more than Australia
High school > Upper secondary starting age	16 Ranked 48th. 14% more than Italy	14 Ranked 192nd.
Elementary school starting age > Years	5 Ranked 174th.	6 Ranked 117th. 20% more than Australia
Library books	2.44 million Ranked 6th.	13.19 million Ranked 2nd. 5 times more than Australia
Student attitude > Find school boring	60% Ranked 3rd. 11% more than Italy	54% Ranked 9th.
Teaching weeks per year > Primary	40 weeks per year Ranked 14th. 18% more than Italy	34 weeks per year Ranked 34th.
School life expectancy > Male	16.4 years Ranked 1st. 13% more than Italy	14.5 years Ranked 19th.
Universities > Top 200	17 Ranked 3rd. 6 times more than Italy	3 Ranked 18th.
Secondary education > General pupils > Per capita	72.08 per 1,000 people Ranked 75th. 49% more than Italy	48.3 per 1,000 people Ranked 127th.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level > Per capita	0.098 per capita Ranked 104th. Twice as much as Italy	0.049 per capita Ranked 151st.
Education enrolment by level > Primary level per 1000	98.4 Ranked 106th. 2 times more than Italy	48.62 Ranked 155th.
Primary teacher salary > Starting	$25,661.00 Ranked 6th. 34% more than Italy	$19,188.00 Ranked 14th.
Education enrolment ratio > Net > Primary level > Men	97% Ranked 42nd.	100% Ranked 13th. 3% more than Australia
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge per million	0.179% Ranked 8th. 5 times more than Italy	0.0393% Ranked 16th.
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD	2.01% Ranked 12th. 84% more than Italy	1.09% Ranked 24th.
Library books per 1000	135.07 Ranked 10th.	231.7 Ranked 3rd. 72% more than Australia
Pupils-teacher ratio > Primary level	9.1 Ranked 10th.	10.7 Ranked 132nd. 18% more than Australia
Secondary education > Vocational pupils	1.04 million Ranked 11th.	1.7 million Ranked 6th. 62% more than Australia
Primary education > Teachers	105,469 Ranked 33th.	260,769.1 Ranked 15th. 2 times more than Australia
Education enrolment by level > Percentage girls > Secondary level	48.01% Ranked 110th.	48.46% Ranked 100th. 1% more than Australia
Expenditure on education > Change in expenditure on education > Expenditure in tertiary education	122.22 Index of change, year 200 Ranked 13th. 9% more than Italy	112.26 Index of change, year 200 Ranked 22nd.
Private school enrolment > Primary level	27.2 Ranked 16th. 4 times more than Italy	7 Ranked 44th.
Outcomes > Primary education > Duration > Years	7 Ranked 19th. 40% more than Italy	5 Ranked 148th.
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 10	987 hours Ranked 8th.	1,020 hours Ranked 7th. 3% more than Australia
Educational attainment > Junior secondary	41% Ranked 5th.	57% Ranked 1st. 39% more than Australia
Secondary education > Pupils per 1000	123.82 Ranked 15th. 60% more than Italy	77.45 Ranked 78th.
Primary education > Teachers per 1000	5.57 Ranked 41st. 24% more than Italy	4.48 Ranked 76th.
Children out of school > Primary > Female > Per capita	1.75 per 1,000 people Ranked 71st. 15 times more than Italy	0.118 per 1,000 people Ranked 109th.
Female enrolment share > Primary level	48.6% Ranked 61st. About the same as Italy	48.5% Ranked 78th.
Research and Development > RandD > Investment in knowledge > Investment in knowledge	3.91% Ranked 8th. 65% more than Italy	2.37% Ranked 16th.
Student attitude > Report class disorder	32% Ranked 9th.	46% Ranked 1st. 44% more than Australia
Services, etc., value added > Constant 2000 US$	$551.40 billion Ranked 6th.	$1.17 trillion Ranked 5th. 2 times more than Australia
Universities > Top 200 per million	0.834 Ranked 2nd. 16 times more than Italy	0.0512 Ranked 22nd.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning technology	9	9
Primary school starting age > Years	5 Ranked 195th.	6 Ranked 130th. 20% more than Australia
Scouting > Members	65,881 Ranked 24th.	102,066 Ranked 16th. 55% more than Australia
Elementary (primary) school > Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries	62.53% Ranked 33th.	63.76% Ranked 31st. 2% more than Australia
High school > Share of total education spending	36.79% Ranked 43th.	42.94% Ranked 22nd. 17% more than Australia
Elementary (primary) school) > Proportion spent on all staff salaries	76.85% Ranked 61st.	82.58% Ranked 43th. 7% more than Australia
High school> Proportion of education spending on teachers' salaries	59.68% Ranked 34th.	65.39% Ranked 30th. 10% more than Australia
Enrolment ratio > Secondary level	89.7% Ranked 12th.	90.5% Ranked 10th. 1% more than Australia
Participation > Secondary education > General pupils	1.51 million Ranked 35th.	2.87 million Ranked 25th. 90% more than Australia
Secondary education > Teachers per 1000	6.42 Ranked 34th.	7.17 Ranked 40th. 12% more than Australia
Secondary education > General pupils per 1000	71.95 Ranked 76th. 49% more than Italy	48.3 Ranked 126th.
Ratio of female to male primary enrollment	99.56 Ranked 41st. The same as Italy	99.51 Ranked 46th.
Children out of school > Primary > Male	41,839 Ranked 36th. 10 times more than Italy	4,320 Ranked 74th.
Elementary (primary) school > Gender parity index	0.994 Ranked 62nd. 1% more than Italy	0.986 Ranked 86th.
Spending per primary school student	$3,981.00 per student Ranked 10th.	$5,653.00 per student Ranked 6th. 42% more than Australia
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 9	986 hours Ranked 9th.	1,020 hours Ranked 7th. 3% more than Australia
Hours of instruction for pupils aged 13	1,023 hours Ranked 13th.	0.0 Ranked 38th.
Female enrolment share > Secondary level	48.9% Ranked 76th. 2% more than Italy	48.1% Ranked 89th.
Private school enrolment > Secondary level	33.6 Ranked 4th. 6 times more than Italy	5.5 Ranked 18th.
Education enrolment by level > Secondary level per 1000	127.91 Ranked 15th. 61% more than Italy	79.23 Ranked 95th.
Scouting > Members per thousand people	2.9 Ranked 48th. 73% more than Italy	1.68 Ranked 70th.
Outcomes > Tertiary attainment > Tertiary attainment for age group 55-64	26.26% Ranked 6th. 3 times more than Italy	8.58% Ranked 27th.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning science	11% Ranked 21st. 10% more than Italy	10% Ranked 26th.
School life expectancy > Female	16.8 years Ranked 5th. 14% more than Italy	14.8 years Ranked 20th.
Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 reaching grade 5 > Men	98.1% Ranked 11th.	100% Ranked 6th. 2% more than Australia
Children out of school > Primary > Male > Per capita	2.08 per 1,000 people Ranked 65th. 28 times more than Italy	0.074 per 1,000 people Ranked 111th.
High school teachers	183,020 Ranked 10th.	450,757 Ranked 11th. 2 times more than Australia
Elementary school teachers	105,469 Ranked 31st.	273,113 Ranked 16th. 3 times more than Australia
Primary teacher salary > After 15 years	$36,971.00 Ranked 2nd. 60% more than Italy	$23,137.00 Ranked 17th.
High school enrolment rate > Male	99.92 Ranked 10th.	100 Ranked 9th. The same as Australia
Proportion of 15 year-olds in secondary education	99% Ranked 9th. 11% more than Italy	89% Ranked 26th.
Proportion of 20 year olds in tertiary education	33% Ranked 11th. 27% more than Italy	26% Ranked 17th.
Participation > Secondary education > Pupils	2.49 million Ranked 27th.	4.51 million Ranked 17th. 81% more than Australia
Proportion of primary education time spent learning vocational skills	n	n
Universities > Top 200 > Per $ GDP	0.027 per $1 billion of GDP Ranked 2nd. 14 times more than Italy	0.002 per $1 billion of GDP Ranked 26th.
Secondary education > Pupils > Per capita	124.04 per 1,000 people Ranked 14th. 60% more than Italy	77.45 per 1,000 people Ranked 83th.
Primary education > Pupils per 1000	96.12 Ranked 99th. 2 times more than Italy	47.59 Ranked 155th.
Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment	95.96 Ranked 106th.	98.81 Ranked 88th. 3% more than Australia
Share of university qualifications awarded to females	57% Ranked 13th. 2% more than Italy	56% Ranked 14th.
Research and Development > RandD > Expenditure on RandD > Gross domestic expenditure on RandD per million	0.0923% Ranked 16th. 5 times more than Italy	0.0181% Ranked 26th.
Young shorttext readers	10.6% Ranked 25th.	26.4% Ranked 10th. 2 times more than Australia
Young longtext readers	36% Ranked 2nd. 81% more than Italy	19.9% Ranked 17th.
Proportion of primary education time spent learning foreign languages	6	11
Primary teacher salary > Starting per 1000	$1.36 Ranked 13th. 4 times more than Italy	$0.34 Ranked 18th.
Spending per secondary school student > Per $ GDP	$0.00 per student per $1,000 Ranked 13th. 2 times more than Italy	$0.00 per student per $1,000 Ranked 15th.
Expected duration of education for males	20.1 years Ranked 1st. 29% more than Italy	15.6 years Ranked 22nd.
Proportion of 19 year olds in tertiary education	34% Ranked 8th. 9 times more than Italy	4% Ranked 25th.
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > First degree	57% Ranked 13th. 2% more than Italy	56% Ranked 14th.
Proportion of 16 year-olds in secondary education	94% Ranked 11th. 13% more than Italy	83% Ranked 26th.
Labor force with primary education, male > % of male labor force	26.7% Ranked 39th.	40.6% Ranked 8th. 52% more than Australia
Expenditure per student, secondary > % of GDP per capita	19.88% Ranked 52nd.	25.26% Ranked 31st. 27% more than Australia
Foreign students in the United States > % share > 2008/09	4.3 Ranked 5th.	10.5 Ranked 1st. 2 times more than Australia
School enrollment, preprimary > % gross	94.94% Ranked 31st.	98.35% Ranked 25th. 4% more than Australia
School enrollment, primary > % net	96.4% Ranked 39th.	97.22% Ranked 31st. 1% more than Australia
School enrollment, secondary > % gross	133.05% Ranked 1st. 32% more than Italy	100.66% Ranked 31st.
School enrollment, secondary, private > % of total secondary	35.24% Ranked 16th. 4 times more than Italy	8.52% Ranked 83th.
School enrollment, tertiary, female > % gross	96.88% Ranked 8th. 28% more than Italy	75.41% Ranked 24th.
Expenditure per student, tertiary > % of GDP per capita	21.52% Ranked 67th.	25.79% Ranked 53th. 20% more than Australia
Secondary education, vocational pupils > % female	42.79% Ranked 57th. 8% more than Italy	39.65% Ranked 75th.
Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education	102.19% Ranked 61st.	105.63% Ranked 34th. 3% more than Australia
Net intake rate in grade 1 > Female > % of official school-age population	72.89% Ranked 30th.	95.33% Ranked 6th. 31% more than Australia
Progression to secondary school > Female	99.8% Ranked 14th. 1% more than Italy	99.28% Ranked 21st.
School enrollment > Primary > Male > % gross	103.05% gross Ranked 87th. 1% more than Italy	101.61% gross Ranked 102nd.
School enrollment > Preprimary > Female > % gross	102.36% gross Ranked 16th. About the same as Italy	101.91% gross Ranked 17th.
School enrollment, secondary, male > % gross	136.65% Ranked 1st. 35% more than Italy	101.32% Ranked 26th.
Persistence to grade 5 > Total > % of cohort	98.8% Ranked 12th. 2% more than Italy	96.49% Ranked 24th.
Labor force with tertiary education, female > % of female labor force	38.5% Ranked 16th. 69% more than Italy	22.8% Ranked 38th.
Labor force with primary education > % of total	27.3% Ranked 35th.	35.4% Ranked 9th. 30% more than Australia
Labor force with secondary education, male > % of male labor force	43.3% Ranked 40th.	44.9% Ranked 29th. 4% more than Australia
Labor force with secondary education > % of total	38.9% Ranked 52nd.	46.7% Ranked 28th. 20% more than Australia
Unemployment with tertiary education > % of total unemployment	19% Ranked 41st. 70% more than Italy	11.2% Ranked 69th.
Primary education > Pupils > % female	48.62% female Ranked 59th. About the same as Italy	48.45% female Ranked 76th.
Primary education > Pupils > Per capita	0.096 per capita Ranked 100th. Twice as much as Italy	0.048 per capita Ranked 156th.
Net intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of official school-age population	67.96% Ranked 44th.	95.63% Ranked 6th. 41% more than Australia
Persistence to grade 5 > Female > % of cohort	99.46% Ranked 10th. 3% more than Italy	96.96% Ranked 21st.
Researchers in R&D > Per million people	4,293.93 Ranked 11th. 2 times more than Italy	1,748.06 Ranked 23th.
Primary teacher salary > Starting, % of GDP	6.59e-06% Ranked 14th. 4 times more than Italy	1.59e-06% Ranked 19th.
School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % net	86.09% net Ranked 36th.	93.14% net Ranked 13th. 8% more than Australia
Gross intake rate in grade 1 > Total > % of relevant age group	102.89% Ranked 67th.	103.38% Ranked 63th. About the same as Australia
Elementary (primary) school) > Share of total education spending	36.81% Ranked 35th. 47% more than Italy	24.98% Ranked 75th.
Efficiency > Net intake rate in grade 1 > % of official school-age population	69.75% Ranked 31st.	96.89% Ranked 5th. 39% more than Australia
Efficiency > Net intake rate in grade 1 > Female > % of official school-age population	72.71% Ranked 28th.	96.64% Ranked 5th. 33% more than Australia
Total expenditure as % of GDP	6% of GDP Ranked 6th. 22% more than Italy	4.9% of GDP Ranked 15th.
Efficiency > Net intake rate in grade 1 > Male > % of official school-age population	66.94% Ranked 39th.	97.14% Ranked 6th. 45% more than Australia
Elementary school > Enrolled students > % female	48.62% Ranked 62nd. 1% more than Italy	48.32% Ranked 94th.
Elementary school teachers > % female	76.21% Ranked 26th.	95.25% Ranked 11th. 25% more than Australia
Participation > Secondary education > Vocational pupils > % female	43.78% Ranked 43th. 11% more than Italy	39.41% Ranked 73th.
Participation > Secondary education > Vocational pupils	1.03 million Ranked 10th.	1.69 million Ranked 5th. 64% more than Australia
Foreign students in the United States > 2008/09	11,140 Ranked 5th.	27,362 Ranked 1st. 2 times more than Australia
Participation > Total enrollment > Primary > Male > % net	96.58% Ranked 33th.	99.67% Ranked 2nd. 3% more than Australia
Preschool enrollment rate > Female	81.3 Ranked 41st.	100.35 Ranked 16th. 23% more than Australia
Preschool enrollment rate > Male	83.22 Ranked 38th.	102.2 Ranked 12th. 23% more than Australia
School enrolment rate > 1st grade > Female	102.72 Ranked 60th.	104.85 Ranked 55th. 2% more than Australia
School enrolment rate > 1st grade > Male	102.84 Ranked 76th.	106.43 Ranked 59th. 3% more than Australia
School enrolment rate > 5th grade > Female	99.46 Ranked 4th.	100 Ranked 1st. 1% more than Australia
School enrolment rate > 5th grade > Male	98.17 Ranked 4th.	99.14 Ranked 8th. 1% more than Australia
Secondary education, teachers > % female	50.63% Ranked 25th.	67.39% Ranked 21st. 33% more than Australia
Participation > School enrollment > Secondary > Female > % net	88.69% Ranked 24th.	93.2% Ranked 10th. 5% more than Australia
Primary teacher salary per hour > After 15 years	$44.00 per hour Ranked 4th. 42% more than Italy	$31.00 per hour Ranked 14th.
School enrollment > Primary > Female > % net	95.99% net Ranked 35th.	98.66% net Ranked 11th. 3% more than Australia
School enrollment > Primary > Male > % net	95.53% net Ranked 40th.	99.01% net Ranked 11th. 4% more than Australia
Services, etc., value added > % of GDP	69.44% Ranked 19th.	72.84% Ranked 26th. 5% more than Australia
Share of university qualifications awarded to females > Advanced research degree	40% Ranked 12th.	53% Ranked 2nd. 33% more than Australia
Unemployment with secondary education, male > % of male unemployment	34.5% Ranked 65th.	37.3% Ranked 58th. 8% more than Australia

SOURCES: UNESCO; UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeschooling_international_status_and_statistics; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Lynn, R. and Vanhanen, T. (2002). IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-97510-X; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Development Indicators database; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank staff estimates using data from the United Nations Statistics Division's Statistical Yearbook, and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics online database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute of Statistics; Wikipedia: List of countries by student performance (Reading); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; OECD; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; Source: UNESCO UIS Data | UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; Wikipedia: List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members (Table of World Organization of the Scout Movement members); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; OECD Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2003; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; OECD; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Development Indicators database. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; United Nations Development Programme. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; World Bank national accounts data. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2001); UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; The Times, 2005; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; OECD Country statistical profiles 2009; World Bank national accounts data; The Times, 2005. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; "WOSM MEMBERSHIP as at 31st December 2012". World Organization of the Scout Movement. August 2013.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; United Nations Statistics Division. Source tables; Wikipedia: List of World Organization of the Scout Movement members (Table of World Organization of the Scout Movement members) ("WOSM MEMBERSHIP as at 31st December 2012" . World Organization of the Scout Movement . Retrieved 2014-03-03 .). Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; UNESCO Institute of Statistics. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.; Wikipedia: Study abroad in the United States; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.; UNESCO Institute of Statistics. GDP figures sourced from World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Source tables; OECD Historical Statistics

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